110keV质子辐照温控涂层性能变化的XPS分析

实验研究了注量在1.0×10¹¹—1.0×10¹⁶p/cm²范围依次变化时110keV质子辐照引起的温控涂层热光性能的变化,并使用XPS谱仪分析了辐照样品化学态的变化. 实验结果表明,质子注量不高于1.0×10¹⁴p/cm²时,同种材料的温控涂层样品的相对光反射率变化很小,同时同种材料样品的表面化学结构如化学位移和元素的比例变化很小.当注量高于1.0×10¹⁴p/cm²时, 样品的相对光反射率变化明显,样品表面的原子化学结构变化大, 化学位移明显增加, 元素比例变化显著,所有样品表面的C元素比例明显增大而O元素比例明显减小.一定注量的低能质子辐照能够使某些低太阳吸收率α_s的温控涂层的太阳吸收率变得更低, 具有改善热光性能的效果.质子辐照之后温控涂层样品表面化学结构的变化与样品的物理性能的变化存在直接的关联.     

GEM气体探测器的增益特性

研制一种双层结构的GEM气体探测器用于X射线成像和带电粒子径迹测量.使用铜靶X射线管产生的高能量X射线对其气体放大倍数,电荷传输效率,增益稳定性进行测试.实验结果显示:在入射X射线通量为10⁵Hz/mm²时,双层GEM探测器的有效增益达到10⁴以上,并且具有长时间稳定性.     

一种基于热释电效应的X射线荧光分析谱仪

利用热释电晶体实现了一个X射线激发源,并以此激发源和高能量分辨率的硅漂移探测器构建了一个X射线荧光分析谱仪。首先通过分析计算热释电晶体厚度和靶厚度对产生X射线的影响选定了激发源的设计参数;然后测量了激发源发射的X射线本底,其能量范围在1～27 keV,包含有Cu和Ta的特征X射线,最大强度在每秒3 000个计数以上,对本底的测量同时显示出谱仪的探测器部分对Cu的8.05 keV特征峰的分辨率达到210 eV,具有很高的能量分辨率;最后使用该谱仪测试了Fe,Ti和Cr等三种单质样品和高钛玄武岩样品,测试结果表明该谱仪可以有效的分析出样品的元素成分。由于这种X射线荧光分析谱仪的各组成部分体积都很小,进一步便携化后非常适合于非破坏、现场和快速的元素分析场合。     

钛离子辐照对MgB2超导薄膜的载流能力和磁通钉扎能力的影响

利用混合物理化学气相沉积法(hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition, HPCVD)可以制备出高性能的MgB₂超导薄膜, 再对薄膜进行钛(Ti)离子辐照处理.经过辐照处理后的样品被掺入了Ti元素, 与未处理的干净MgB₂样品相比,其超导转变温度没有出现大幅度的下降, 而在外加磁场下的临界电流密度得到了明显的提高,同时样品的上临界磁场也得到了提高. 在温度5 K, 外加垂直磁场为4 T的情况下, Ti离子辐照剂量为1× 10¹³/cm²的样品的临界电流密度达到了1.72× 10⁵ A/cm², 比干净的MgB₂要高出许多,而其超导转变温度仍能维持在39.9 K的较高水平.     

激光驱动气库靶对铝的准等熵压缩实验研究

利用激光驱动气库材料形成的等离子体射流对材料进行斜波加载, 可以获得高应变率的准等熵压缩. 在神光III 原型高功率激光装置上开展了激光驱动铝材料的准等熵压缩实验, 成像型速度干涉仪VISAR记录到样品自由面连续、光滑的速度历史, 采用反积分法得到60 GPa以上的峰值压强, 加载上升沿约10 ns,应变率可达10⁸ s ^-1, 并且观察到了压缩波在样品后表面的反射效应.     

三级GEM气体探测器性能的实验研究

GEM探测器是一种新型微型气体探测器(Micro-Pattern Gas Detector), 在粒子物理实验及低能X射线成像系统中有着较大的应用前景. 文章研制了一种适用于低能X射线成像和带电粒子径迹测量的三级GEM气体探测器. 使用放射源⁵⁵Fe对其气体放大特性、电荷传输效率及能量分辨本领等性能进行了实验研究, 重点研究了传输区电场对气体有效增益和能量分辨本领的影响. 实验结果表明, 三级GEM探测器的暗电流和噪声较小, 有效增益能够达到10⁵以上并稳定地工作, 对5.9keV的X射线能量分辨率可达24%, 传输区电场强度大于3000V/(cm.atm)时, 能量分辨率基本稳定在30%左右.     

离子注入ZnO薄膜的拉曼光谱研究

室温下,用80 keV N⁺和400 keV Xe⁺离子注入ZnO薄膜,注入剂量分别为5.0×10¹⁴—1.0×10¹⁷/cm²和2.0×10¹⁴—5.0×10¹⁵/cm².利用拉曼散射技术对注入前后的ZnO薄膜进行光谱测量和分析,研究了样品的拉曼光谱随离子注入剂量的变化规律.实验结果发现,未进行离子注入的样品在99,435 cm<     

流脉冲离子束辐照对DZ4合金性能的影响

 用含Cⁿ⁺和H⁺、加速电压250 kV、脉冲宽度70 ns、束流密度160 A/cm²的强流脉冲离子束辐照DZ4合金，辐照次数分别为2，5，10，15。实验结果表明：辐照后样品的表面出现了熔坑，多次脉冲辐照后样品的表面熔坑边缘模糊甚至消失。近表面存在厚1~2 mm的重熔层，晶粒较细，晶界模糊；熔坑周围富集Cr和Mo等元素;强流脉冲离子束辐照处理后DZ4合金的耐腐蚀性能明显提高，腐蚀速率下降,这是由于辐照减弱了由于晶界和晶粒本体的成分差异而引起的晶界腐蚀；同时离子束辐照后的DZ4合金在高温氧化时更容易形成一层连续的保护性氧化物，其主要成分是致密的Al₂O₃，使得DZ4合金的耐高温氧化性能也有所改善。     

基于CaF2靶样的加速器质谱测量生物样品中41Ca的方法研究

为满足⁴¹Ca生物示踪样品测量的需要, 在北京HI-13串列加速器质谱(Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, AMS)系统上建立了以CaF₂为靶样的⁴¹Ca AMS分析方法.生物样品和⁴¹Ca标准样品经过化学分离和纯化, 制备成CaF₂作为靶物质. AMS测量⁴¹Ca时, 离子源引出CaF₃-负离子, 膜剥离后的电荷态选择为7⁺态, 加速器端电压选定为8.5MV, 用充有140mbar P10气体的多阳极电离室探测⁴¹Ca. 结果显示探测器可实现对⁴¹Ca与同量异位素干扰⁴¹K的分辨, 粒子谱中⁴¹K的计数率很低,对⁴¹Ca不形成干扰. 对制备的4个标准样品(⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca在1.785×10^－8—1.750×10^－10范围)的测量结果显示⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca绝对测量值与标称值之间的线性关系良好(r²=0.997),经⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca为1.785×10^－8的标准样品归一化后, S2, S4两个标样的测量值与标称值吻合较好, 但标样S3的测量值与标称值有较大偏离. 估计生物样品的⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca本底值低于8.2×10^－13.     

用脉冲激光全息干涉术测量稠密等离子体电子密度分布

利用脉冲激光作为探测光源,采用全息双曝光法对激光惯性约束核聚变高温高稠度等离子体的诊断,开发了原理上全新的诊断方法.打靶主激光与探测激光实现严格同步Δt≤10^-11～10^-10s,可获得高空间分辨率Δδ≤1μm等离子体二维图象(阴影图象和干涉图象),并保证时间分辨率Δt达到10^-11s左右.记录等离子体折射率空间分布是测定密度剖面变化和计算等离子体流体动力学参量的基础.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.