基于开关电流技术的小波变换的滤波器电路实现

提出基于开关电流技术的小波变换的滤波器电路实现方法. 小波变换的开关电流滤波器实现电路由冲激响应为高斯一阶导数及其膨胀函数的滤波器组构成. 开关电流滤波器的膨胀系数(尺度)通过控制宽长比(W/L)或时钟频率可得到精确地控制. Padé逼近是一种有效的有理逼近，小波函数经过Padé变换可以得到其有理分式逼近，十分利于其开关电流滤波器电路实现. 仿真结果证实了其可行性. 关键词： 小波变换 开关电流 滤波器 Padé逼近     

低信噪比下公共场所异常声音声学特征提取

为了实现低信噪比下公共场所异常声音声学特征提取,提出经验小波滤波器组用于提取异常声音声学特征。首先,根据等效矩形带宽的人耳听觉特性,得到各滤波器的中心频率,计算出经验小波滤波器组的边界。然后,将边界代入经验小波细节函数和尺度函数中,形成经验小波滤波器组。最后,用经验小波滤波器组分解低信噪比下公共场所异常声音,经分解的各模态归一化对数能量作为异常声音声学特征,用于分类识别。相关实验表明,提出的经验小波滤波器组与典型的语音信号处理及时频信号处理方法相比,在低信噪比(0 dB)的商店、银行、办公室、自动取款机环境下,对异常声音的平均识别率提高了4.75%~37.92%,验证了提出方法的有效性。      

光学小波匹配滤波器与图形识别

小波变换弥补了傅里叶变换的不足，在信号及图像处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。文章深入讨论了小波变换匹配滤波器的理论基础及光学实现方法，并将其用于图形识别，给出了计算机模拟结果，与传统的匹配滤波器进行了比较，证实了小波变换在光学信息处理中的优越性。     

Extended fractional wavelet joint transform correlator

An extended fractional wavelet joint transform correlator is implemented for real-time target recognition applications. The real-time input scene captured using a charge-coupled device camera along with the reference image is fractional Fourier transformed. The obtained joint power spectrum is multiplied by an appropriately scaled wavelet filter and the resultant function is differentiated. The application of wavelet filter enhances the correlation outputs and differential processing of wavelet-filtered joint power spectrum improves the detection efficiency by reducing the zero-order spectra. Targets with Gaussian and speckle noise have also been used to check the correlation output. The performance metrics: correlation peak intensity, peak-to-correlation energy, peak-to-sidelobe ratio and signal to clutter ratio have been calculated. The experimental results are presented in support of the proposed idea.     

Wavelet based noise suppression technique and its application to ultrasonic flaw detection

The noise suppression techniques with wavelet transform (WT) are widely used in non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E), especially in ultrasonics. Complete reconstruction theory with hard or soft thresholds, reconstruction technique based on the singularities of noise and signal, matched filter with an impulse response, and optimal frequency-to-bandwidth ratio of wavelet technique have all been used to analyze ultrasonic signals for noise suppression. But a more simple and effective technique has been pursued for decades. This paper develops a new technique using WT for the right purpose. In this work, WT is treated as a band-pass filter whose central frequency and frequency bandwidth (CF&FB) are determined by the spectra distribution of an ultrasonic signal captured from real testing situation. For the purpose of matching their CF&FB well, a technique for evaluating the optimal scale of a daughter wavelet is carried out too. By acting this daughter wavelet as a band-pass filter, we can obtain excellent de-noising results, even when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is below -18 dB. The performance of the technique has been done by ultrasonic signals with computer generated white noises. Finally, the experimental verification is performed on a pipeline specimen with man-made small flaws with good results obtained. The results show that the technique is more suitable for processing heavy noised ultrasonic signals, and it can also be used in automatic flaw detection.     

State transfer on two-fold Cayley trees via quantum walks

Perfect state transfer(PST)has great significance due to its applications in quantum information processing and quantum computation.The main problem we study in this paper is to determine whether the two-fold Cayley tree,an extension of the Cayley tree,admits perfect state transfer between two roots using quantum walks.We show that PST can be achieved by means of the so-called nonrepeating quantum walk[Phys.Rev.A 89042332(2014)]within time steps that are the distance between the two roots;while both the continuous-time quantum walk and the typical discrete-time quantum walk with Grover coin approaches fail.Our results suggest that in some cases the dynamics of a discrete-time quantum walk may be much richer than that of the continuous-time quantum walk.     

氢气拉曼光谱压缩感知方法分析研究

气体监测与我们的生活息息相关,氢气作为一种理想的研究模型更是受到广泛关注。拉曼光谱作为一种气体分析手段,具有无损非接触等优点。气体拉曼光谱测量存在的一个主要问题是拉曼散射信号弱。在一些特定场景下,需要信号采集时间较短,因此获得的拉曼光谱信噪比低。压缩感知方法作为一种新发展起来的信号处理手段,不仅可以压缩采样,缩短采样时间,而且可以降噪,提高信噪比,以更好地实现原始信号的恢复和重建。该研究以氢气和氘气为测量对象,分别采用洛伦兹函数设计原子构建字典OMP（orthogonal matching pursuit）算法重构和傅里叶变换滤波后多个正交基构建正交基字典OMP重构两种压缩感知方法分析氢同位素气体的拉曼光谱。通过对仿真数据和实际测量数据的处理,比对了两种压缩感知分析与小波软阈值、小波硬阈值和SG（Sawitzky-Golay）滤波处理的谱峰强度效果以及信噪比和均方根误差,证明洛伦兹函数设计原子构建字典OMP算法重构可以用于氢气拉曼光谱降噪。     

Generalized wavelet transform based on the convolution operator in the linear canonical transform domain

The wavelet transform (WT) and linear canonical transform (LCT) have been shown to be powerful tool for optics and signal processing. In this paper, firstly, we introduce a novel time-frequency transformation tool coined the generalized wavelet transform (GWT), based on the idea of the LCT and WT. Then, we derive some fundamental results of this transform, including its basis properties, inner product theorem and convolution theorem, inverse formula and admissibility condition. Further, we also discuss the time-fractional-frequency resolution of the GWT. The GWT is capable of representing signals in the time-fractional-frequency plane. Last, some potential applications of the GWT are also presented to show the advantage of the theory. The GWT can circumvent the limitations of the WT and the LCT.     

基于四叉树的光学小波滤波器轴心定位的研究

精度问题制约了光学小波变换的广泛应用。若要扩展其应用领域,必须提高变换精度。在二维光学小波变换4f系统中,小波滤波器轴心的精确定位至关重要。提出了一种基于四叉树搜索方法的光学小波滤波器轴心定位方法。所用的加载滤波器载体为空间光调制器(SLM),定位精度可达到SLM的一个像素大小。为加快搜索速度,提出了一种基于四灰度级并行处理的改进方法。     

基于小波变换和维纳滤波的半导体器件1/f噪声滤波

针对半导体器件中普遍存在的1/f噪声提出了一种结合了提升小波变换和维纳滤波器的处理方法.首先利用重新加权迭代最小二乘法拟合1/f噪声的功率谱曲线得到噪声参数的估计,从而选择恰当的小波.其次,对包含了1/f噪声的信号进行提升小波变换.考虑到小波变换对1/f噪声的白化作用,利用维纳滤波器对每一层小波系数进行处理.设计了最优全通滤波器以校正维纳滤波器的相频特性,使得小波系数经滤波后相位不变.最后利用提升小波逆变换获得被1/f噪声淹没的信号.利用实验检验了提出方法的有效性,实验数据采自用于微创外科手术机器人的力传感器.结果表明提出的方法能够有效抑制1/f噪声,并使传感器的分辨力提高了25%. 关键词： 半导体器件 f噪声')" href="#">1/f噪声 提升小波变换 维纳滤波     

光学小波包变换及其滤波器的研究

基于对光学小波变换必要条件的分析，提出光学小波包变换的概念.选出虹膜图库的联合最优小波包基，利用最优基的线性组合生成相应的复合光学小波包滤波器.将滤波器用于光电混合虹膜识别系统中对待识别输入进行小波包特征提取预处理，模拟结果不仅证明引入该滤波器可明显提升系统的识别效果，也证明了光学小波包变换提出的意义.     

子波变换在光信息处理方面的应用

子波变换是光信息处理中的一个重要工具，与常用的傅里叶交换和Ｇａｂｏｒ变换相比，在分析瞬态信号方面有很多优点。此文详细介绍子波变换的基本原理以及如何用光学方法实现子波变换，揭示其在光信息处理方面的应用前景。     

Wavelet filter-based weak signature detection method and its application on rolling element bearing prognostics

De-noising and extraction of the weak signature are crucial to fault prognostics in which case features are often very weak and masked by noise. The wavelet transform has been widely used in signal de-noising due to its extraordinary time-frequency representation capability. In this paper, the performance of wavelet decomposition-based de-noising and wavelet filter-based de-noising methods are compared based on signals from mechanical defects. The comparison result reveals that wavelet filter is more suitable and reliable to detect a weak signature of mechanical impulse-like defect signals, whereas the wavelet decomposition de-noising method can achieve satisfactory results on smooth signal detection. In order to select optimal parameters for the wavelet filter, a two-step optimization process is proposed. Minimal Shannon entropy is used to optimize the Morlet wavelet shape factor. A periodicity detection method based on singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to choose the appropriate scale for the wavelet transform. The signal de-noising results from both simulated signals and experimental data are presented and both support the proposed method.     

Spectrum measurement in the fractional Fourier domain

Fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) plays an important role in many fields of optics and signal processing. This paper considers the problem of real-time measurement of the spectrum of a signal in the FRFT domain. In this paper, we propose two approaches for real-time measurement of the FRFT of a signal based on modulation and bandpass filtering systems. The relation is established between the linear frequency modulation (LFM or chirp) spectrum and the FRFT of its envelope. In addition, two applications for spectrum measurement are presented in the FRFT domain. The LFM signal can be bandlimited in the Fourier transform (FT) domain through spectrum measurement associated with bandpass filtering method. The results can also be useful in the problems related to swept-frequency filter for measurement in the FRFT domain.     

航空飞机计算机通信中滤波器的优化设计

航空飞机计算机通信系统进行通信的过程中,由于航空飞机上的电子设备相互之间的电磁干扰严重,导致信道中存在大量的干扰信号。提出基于小波变换算法的抗干扰滤波器设计方法。根据小波变换算法相关原理,综合航空飞机通信中特有的软阀值特点,利用自适应调整参数的方法得到高空通信中的最优小波系数阀值,使得高空噪声过滤阀值函数具有更强的适应性。利用新的阀值函数设计了新的滤波器,对行滤波模块和列滤波模块的设计进行了详细阐述。实验结果表明。利用设计的滤波器能够对航空飞机计算机通信过程中的干扰信号进行有效滤波,缩短了滤波时间,提高了高空通信系统的抗干扰能力。     

Two-dimensional dirac delta reconsidered

Distribution theory continues to be of significant importance in many branches of applied mathematics and especially within the research activities of theoretical and applied physicists. It is the belief of the author that the Dirac delta functional offers enormous impact in fostering advances within distribution theory together with its applications. Whenever one requires an example of a singular, ultra or new generalized function, a version of the Dirac delta satisfies that need. In this paper we have collected several very recent and important results for the Dirac delta and formulated them within a two-dimensional domain. We then go on and graph a three-dimensional version of the result implementing the software, Pro-Matlab. Within many branches of signal analysis the geometrical aspects of a particular mathematical concept are of paramount importance to the user. For example, when one implements a transform as a filter, the geometrical considerations give strong evidence of the utility of the filter for the particular application. We have also included a preliminary beginning for considering wavelet transforms applied to distributions.     

Wavelet-based morphological correlation

A wavelet-based morphological correlation (WBMC) is proposed as a new architecture to improve the properties of the classical morphological correlation (MC). For the WBMC, a dilated wavelet intensity function is introduced to filter the joint power spectrum (JPS) of the MC before final inverse Fourier transform. Computer simulation results show that, as compared with the linear correlation (LC), the conventional MC and the joint wavelet transform correlation (JWTC), the WBMC provides better discrimination capability with sharp and unmistakable correlation signal and its performance metrics are more stable under input outlier noise (salt-and-pepper noise). Although the WBMC loses illumination-invariance when input illumination factor is larger than unity, considerable discrimination capability is still maintained.     

小波分析及其在光谱分析中的应用

近年来,一种被称为小波变换的数学理论和方法成为众多学科关注的焦点,在分析化学领域中,小波分析也逐渐应用于去噪与平滑,数据压缩等方面,本文介绍了小波分析理论并对其光谱分析中的应用进行了综述。     

一种双正交心音小波的构造方法

为了提高小波分析在心音信号处理中的性能, 在分析小波构造理论的基础上, 构造了一种专门用于心音信号处理的小波基. 首先提出一种构造滤波器长度为偶数的紧支撑双正交小波的一般方法; 然后根据心音信号的特点, 讨论心音小波的构造原则和一种基于心音 小波族的心音信号合成模型, 并且在此基础上构造出心音小 波. 为了突出使用心音小波处理心音信号的先进性和实用性, 对心音小波进行了比较全面的理论和数值仿真分析. 实验结果表明, 相比常用的db, bior系列小波, 运用心音小波对心音信号进行处理, 能够获得更好的去噪效果、 更精确的心音分类信息以及更小的重构误差率, 为心音特征提取和身份识别的深入研究提供了一种新方法, 在表征心音个体特征的细节方面具有积极的意义. 本文根据应用对象设计专用小波的方法也为工程应用中小波基的选择提供了一种新途径. 关键词： 双正交小波 心音小波 构造方法 心音合成模型     

Influence of thresholding procedures in ultrasonic grain noise reduction using wavelets

Wavelet transform based techniques are used for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement in ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation of strong sound scattering materials. The overall denoising performance of a wavelet signal processor is conditioned by several processing parameters, including the type of wavelet, thresholding method, and threshold selection rules. Different thresholding procedures and threshold selection rules are analysed in this paper using the discrete wavelet transform and decomposition level dependent thresholds. Global performance is evaluated by means of the SNR enhancement using synthetic grain noise registers with an incrusted flaw signal, with different values of the input SNR, and experimental ultrasonic traces acquired from a carbon fibre reinforced plastic composite block.