自然对流下亲水表面上抑霜的研究

本文用自行研制的强吸水性涂料制作了亲水表面,并在其上进行了结霜研究。在不同实验条件下进行了吸水表面与普通金属表面上的霜厚及霜表面温度的测量、对比,并研究了影响亲水表面结霜的因素。结果表明,这种涂层具有明显的抑霜效果,在较易结霜的实验条件下可使初始霜晶出现时间延迟15分钟以上,在低于冰点的一定范围内,可以使初始霜晶出现的时间延迟3小时以上,霜厚减少40%以上,霜表面温度低且霜层疏松,在外力的作用下很容易除去。     

表面接触角对初始霜晶生长影响的实验研究

本文通过化学刻蚀和表面氟化相结合的方法在铜片基体上制作了一系列具有不同接触角的疏水表面,水与疏水表面的接触角最高可达155.2°.显微观察了不同接触角冷表面上水珠的形成、冻结以及初始霜晶的生长,并与普通紫铜表面进行了对比.结果表明,普通紫铜表面上形成的水珠大且排列致密,而疏水表面上形成的水珠小且稀疏,呈球形,冻结时间晚...     

超疏水翅片表面的抑霜机理和融霜特性

制备了具有微纳复合结构,表面接触角和滚动角分别为159.7°和4.2°的超疏水翅片。通过可视化观测,揭示了超疏水翅片表面的抑霜机理和融霜特性,并与亲水翅片进行了对比。结霜初期,超疏水翅片表面的凝结液滴分布稀疏,呈Cassie状态;亲水翅片表面的凝结液滴分布密集,呈铺展状态,几乎覆盖整个翅片表面。超疏水翅片表面与霜层间实际接触面积小,换热热阻大,使其被霜层覆盖后仍可有效抑制霜层生长。融霜时,超疏水表面的弱黏附性导致霜层整体从翅片表面剥离和脱落,缩短了融霜时间,减少了滞留水量。     

磁场对冷表面上结霜过程影响的实验研究

本文对磁性表面上结霜现象进行了初步的实验研究.实验观察发现,磁性表面上水滴的凝结、霜晶的形成过程和霜晶的形态与非磁性表面上的情况是完全不同的,在磁性表面上凝结形成的液滴较非磁性表面上形成的液滴粒径更小、分布更加均匀,霜层结构更松散,更容易被去除.文章最后从理论上分析了这种现象产生的原因.     

疏水表面的融霜排液特性研究

本文利用化学刻蚀和硅氟烷修饰的方法制备了具有微纳二级结构的铝基疏水表面,实验研究了自然对流条件下疏水表面的融霜排液特性,观察了疏水表面上融霜过程,并分析了表面特性和结霜时间对融霜排液的影响。结果表明:水平放置的疏水表面融霜过程可分为霜晶融化、液膜形成与合并、液膜运动与收缩三个阶段;结霜工况与结霜时间相同时,竖直放置的裸铝表面、114°和145°疏水表面中,145°疏水表面融霜后的残留液量最少;结霜工况与表面特性相同时,结霜时间越长,融霜排液后的残留液量越小。     

用分形理论对结霜过程的数值模拟研究

初始霜晶在冻结的冰珠上产生,随着初始霜晶的生长分枝,枝晶上又不断长出枝晶,这一过程具有自相似性,具有分形生长的特征。本文应用分形理论中的有限扩散聚集(DLA)模型,建立了霜层初期生长过程模型,数值模拟分析了空气流速、冷表面不均匀性、表面接触角等对霜层生长过程的影响,得到了接触角越大霜层生长越慢等与理论分析及实验结果相符的数值模拟结果。     

稳定超疏水性表面的理论进展

自然界中很多动植物都具有稳定的超疏水性, 它们既拥有高接触角, 又拥有低滚动角, 且能长期稳定存在.通过对它们的研究, 发现表面的润湿性与表面的化学成分、表面的几何形貌有关, 并且表面几何结构的影响更为显著, 甚至可以实现由亲水性表面向超疏水转变. 虽然目前在这个领域已经有大量的实验验证了表面粗糙结构的重要作用, 但是对于表面微纳米结构对表面疏水性机理的理论研究还并不完善. 本文详细介绍了超疏水表面的基本理论及其适用性、 接触角滞后现象, 分别从经典理论和能量的观点探讨了润湿状态转化发生的条件, 重点介绍了通过仿生理念对表面几何形貌的优化设计, 包括单尺度和多尺度表面结构对于设计稳定超疏水表面的作用. 最后, 对超疏水理论的不足和未来发展进行了展望. 关键词： 超疏水 仿生 接触角 滞后     

分形理论结合相变动力学的冷表面结霜过程模拟

运用分形理论并结合相变动力学模拟冷表面上结霜过程.在相变动力学基础上成功模拟了结霜初始阶段水蒸气在冷表面上凝结、液滴生长及冻结过程,随后运用分形理论的有限制的扩散凝聚(diffusion limited aggregation,DLA) 模型模拟了霜晶在冻结液滴表面上的形成生长过程.模拟结果与实验结果取得良好的一致,模拟过程中凝结液滴出现及冻结的时间与实验结果几乎完全符合;液滴冻结之前其表面接触半径随时间变化的模拟结果与实验结果基本一致,同时模拟霜层厚度与实验测得霜层厚度也非常接近.研究结果对于探讨分形理 关键词： 分形 相变动力学 结霜 模拟     

超疏水-疏水组合表面蒸汽冷凝的实验研究

液滴的快速脱落和移除对蒸汽滴状冷凝传热具有重要的影响,超疏水表面由丁二具有接触角大,接触角滞后小的优点而用于驱动冷凝液滴的自发运动,但是,常压蒸汽在超疏水表面冷凝时,液滴的润湿形态还没有定论。本文设计了超疏水疏水条纹间隔排列的超疏水一疏水组合表面,研究了常压蒸汽在组合表面上的冷凝过程,观测了液滴的运动特性,测量了超疏水一疏水组合表面上常压蒸汽冷凝传热性能。实验结果显示疏水区液滴在表面张力差的作用下从疏水区向超疏水区自发迁移,说明超疏水区液滴处于Wenzel润湿形态,超疏水一疏水组合表面蒸汽冷凝传热性能比完全超疏水和完全疏水表面传热性能的面积加权平均值大。说明液滴的自发迁移运动强化了疏水区的传热性能。     

壁面温度对疏水表面上水滴冻结的影响

本文研究了冷壁面温度对疏水表面(θ=108.8°)上单个水滴冻结过程的影响,比较了水滴的冻结时间及冻结前后的形态变化。结果表明,水滴冻结所需要的时间随冷表面温度的降低而减小,冷表面温度越低,水滴冻结后其顶端越容易出现树枝状霜晶生长。最后,根据能量守恒原理建立了冷表面上水滴冻结的数学模型,给出了相应的表达式,进而分析了壁面温度对水滴冻结时长的影响,计算结果与实验结果一致。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.