Bn (n=2-8)团簇结构和稳定性的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上对Bn(n=2-8)团簇的各种可能的几何构型和电子结构进行了优化和振动频率计算,得到了多个平衡构型。结果表明,Bn微团簇的稳定结构大部分为平面结构,只有极少数立体结构属于基态稳定结构。平面结构又分为链状和环状结构两种,链状结构的所有原子均处于同一平面,而且处于链状结构两端的键长稍短,原子向内部收缩。环状稳定结构都是一个n元环中心有一个配位的硼原子,通过对基态结构的平均原子结合能和能量二次差分的计算,得到n为奇数时团簇较为稳定。     

密度泛函理论研究Bn Ni(n=6-12)团簇的结构和磁性

基于第一性原理,用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation,GGA)方法,在充分考虑自旋多重度的前提下,优化并得到了Bn(n=6一12)和BnNi(n=6-12)团簇的平衡构型,按照能量最低原理确定其基态结构.Bn团簇的计算结果与已有的理论结果相一致.当Ni原子掺杂在Bn团簇中,B12Ni团簇的基态结构为平面结构,其余均为三维结构.基态结构的自旋多重度除了n=8以外呈现2,l交替的规律.计算团簇基态结构的平均结合能(Eb)、团簇能量的二阶差分(△2 E)和能隙(HOMO.I.UMO,gap)均表明,l=8为B.Ni(,l=6一12)团簇的幻数,即B8Ni团簇较相邻团簇稳定.计算团簇的磁矩表明B8Ni团簇磁矩最大(2цB),团簇总磁矩和平均磁矩随团簇尺寸增大呈现奇偶振荡趋势且磁矩主要由Ni原子的3d轨道提供.     

Mg_2B_n(n=4～9)团簇结构与性质的DFT研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法在6-31G*的基组水平上对Mg2Bn(n=4～9)团簇的各种可能的几何构型进行优化,得到了Mg2Bn(n=4～9)团簇的最稳定结构,并对其几何结构、振动光谱、电离能、能隙、电荷布局、成键特性等性质进行了计算.结果表明:Mg2Bn(n=4～9)团簇中大部分B原子为负电性且总是处在团簇的中心,Mg原子总是处在端位上并显正电性;随着n的增大,团簇最稳定结构逐渐由平面结构向立体结构转变;n=4、8时的结构相对较稳定.     

WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇结构与光谱的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论（DFT）在B3LYP/Lanl2dz水平上对WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇的各种可能构型进行了几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的基态结构。并对基态构型的平均结合能、能隙、红外光谱及拉曼光谱进行了系统的理论分析。结果表明：WnSi20,±（n=2-5）团簇的基态结构及亚稳态结构中的Si-Si原子不成键,W5Si20,±团簇的基态构型与W7团簇的基态构型相似,W3Si2＋团簇的基态构型与W50,±团簇的基态构型相似;W5Si2－团簇是比较理想的复合材料;WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇的所有IR吸收峰都属于红外光谱中的指纹区的特征吸收区域;除W4Si2－团簇外,其它团簇都具有非刚性特性。     

WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇结构与光谱的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论（DFT）在B3LYP/Lanl2dz水平上对WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇的各种可能构型进行了几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的基态结构。并对基态构型的平均结合能、能隙、红外光谱及拉曼光谱进行了系统的理论分析。结果表明：WnSi20,±（n=2-5）团簇的基态结构及亚稳态结构中的Si-Si原子不成键,W5Si20,±团簇的基态构型与W7团簇的基态构型相似,W3Si2＋团簇的基态构型与W50,±团簇的基态构型相似;W5Si2－团簇是比较理想的复合材料;WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇的所有IR吸收峰都属于红外光谱中的指纹区的特征吸收区域;除W4Si2－团簇外,其它团簇都具有非刚性特性。     

Li2Bn(n=1—10)团簇的几何结构和电子性质

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法在6-311+G(d)水平上计算并分析了Li2Bn(n=1-10)团簇的几何结构及电子性质.同时,讨论了团簇的平均结合能、能级间隙、二阶能量差分和极化率.研究表明: Li2Bn(n=1-10)团簇基态大多为立体构型. 能级间隙和二阶能量差分结果表明Li2B8是幻数团簇.对平均线性极化率和极化率的各向异性不变量研究表明,基态Li2Bn团簇的电子结构随B原子的增加虽然趋于紧凑,但尚未形成特定的堆积方式.     

Li2Bn(n=1～10)团簇的几何结构和电子性质

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法在6-311+G(d)水平上计算并分析Li2Bn(n=1～10)团簇的平均结合能、能级间隙、二阶能量差分和极化率等物理化学性质.由此讨论了团簇的几何结构和电子性质.研究表明:Li2Bn(n=1～10)团簇基态大多为主体构型,能级间隙和二阶能量差分结果表明Li2B8为幻数团簇.对平均线性极化率和极化率的各向异性不变量研究表明,基态Li2Bn团簇的电子结构随B原子的增加虽然趋于紧凑,但尚未形成特定的堆积方式.     

Wn C0,±(n=1,…,6)团簇结构与电子性质的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP在Lanl2dz基组水平上对WnC0.±(n=1,…,6)团簇的各种可能构型进行几何结构优化,得出它们的基态构型,并对基态构型的稳定性和电子性质进行理论研究.结果表明,当n＞3时,稳定构型从平面转变成立体结构,同时C原子趋向于表面最稳定;C原子的掺入使得Wn团簇的稳定...     

KBn（n=1～10）团簇的结构和性质的密度泛函理论研究北大核心CSCD

应用密度泛函理论（DFT）B3LYP方法在6-311＋G（d）水平上计算并分析了KBn（n=1～10）团簇的几何结构及电子性质和极化率．通过研究团簇的平均结合能、能级间隙、二阶能量差分分析了团簇的稳定性规律,研究表明：KBn（n=1～10）团簇基态多数为立体构型,能级间隙和二阶能量差分结果表明KB3 与KB9是幻数团簇．对团簇基态的极化率研究表明KB。团簇的电子结构随B原子的增加趋于紧凑,基本形成了一定的堆积方式．静态第一超极化率研究表明K战与KB4两种平面构型的团簇具有较好的非线性光学性能。     

Bn(n =2-15)团簇的几何结构和电子性质

应用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法计算并分析了不同生长模式下Bn(n= 2-15)团簇的几何结构及电子性质.同时,比较和讨论了不同生长模式下硼团簇的原子束缚能、能级间隙和第一电离势.研究表明:直线构型稳定性最低,金属性较强,尤其在n=8时能隙仅有0.061eV,说明该团簇已具有金属特征.平面或准平面构型稳定性最高,非金属性强.立体构型的稳定性与金属性介于直线和平面构型之间.另外,还讨论了基态团簇的束缚能、能量二阶差分、能级间隙和第一电离势随团簇尺寸的变化,结果表明B12与B14是幻数团簇.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.