带光速调管的高增益高次谐波振荡器自由电子激光模拟

本文提出一种可产生高增益高次谐波辐射的自由电子激光新结构, 将光速调管结构置于振荡器光腔中构成HGHG中的调制器, 可以去掉传统HGHG调制器中的种子激光. 这种结构可以具有振荡器的高重频、纵向相干和窄带宽等优点. 采用GINGER模拟软件对此结构进行详细模拟, 在高达12次谐波仍能很好的输出. 关键词： 激光器 光速调管 高增益高次谐波 振荡器     

基于束流相空间拍频产生锁模自由电子激光的物理机制研究

提出基于束流相空间拍频产生锁模多色自由电子激光的方案,利用带有能量啁啾的电子束流和上海软X射线自由电子激光装置（SXFEL）上的两个调制段-色散段结构,在束流中通过拍频形成多个流强脉冲串,并在此基础上进行高次谐波辐射,产生锁模多色自由电子激光辐射脉冲。模拟结果表明,利用264 nm的种子激光,可在束流中形成18次谐波的群聚分量,并能最终产生中心波长约14.58 nm的锁模多色FEL辐射。     

基于激光等离子体加速的自由电子激光研究新进展

激光等离子体加速器能够在cm尺度内产生GeV量级的高品质电子束,为研制台式化自由电子激光提供驱动源。但是受限于激光等离子体加速中的难点和现有技术发展,电子束的品质难以达到自由电子激光的需求,尤其在稳定性、发散角和能散等方面,阻碍了台式化自由电子激光的研制。介绍了基于激光等离子体加速器的自由电子激光的最新进展,整理了目前高增益自由电子激光实验过程中存在的主要挑战和对应的解决方案与实验进展,并展望未来的发展方向。最近的研究结果证明,通过控制和优化激光等离子体加速器的注入和加速过程产生的高品质电子束可以在指数增益区域实现自发辐射放大,产生高增益的辐射,这也推动基于激光等离子体加速器的自由电子激光研究进入了一个新的阶段。     

上海深紫外自由电子激光的非线性谐波辐射研究

 自由电子激光中的非线性谐波辐射能达到较高的谐波功率，可以用来得到短波长辐射或者降低第4代先进光源对电子束团品质的严厉要求。基于3维自由电子激光软件，深入详细地研究了上海深紫外自由电子激光装置的非线性谐波辐射，并且提出了谐波辐射实验和测量建议。研究表明上海深紫外自由电子激光装置3次非线性谐波辐射的功率可以达到基波功率的2%水平。     

改型wiggler高次谐波自由电子激光的非线性理论分析

建立了改型wiggler自由电子激光的非线性理论,导出了自洽非线性方程组.用计算机模拟方法对改型wiggler高次谐波自由电子激光进行了分析,得到了电子在与光场相互作用,从线性调制到非线性饱和演化过程中的相空间群聚图、高次谐波的增益、抽取效率以及电子束能谱图,同时,还研究了电子束能散度对高次谐波的增益和效率的影响等.模拟结果证实了改型wiggler自由电子激光是实现短波长相干光辐射的重要途径之一. 关键词：     

储存环自由电子激光相干谐波实验的同步系统

 为了获得短波长自由电子激光(FEL),可以使储存环中的相对论性电子与外加强激光脉冲在光学速调管中充分耦合,从而产生高次谐波的相干辐射。为使耦合充分,必须使电子束团与激光脉冲在时间和空间上完全同步。其中空间上的同步可通过调节外激光的光路来实现,给出了实现时间上同步的一种方案。     

SASE自由电子激光

 SASE自由电子激光可以产生短至0.1nm的高亮度（峰值亮度比当前的第三代同步辐射高10个量级;平均亮度高3~5个量级）、短脉冲（脉冲长度小于2个量级、达到亚皮秒水平）硬X射线相干光。因而被称为是继第三代同步辐射之后的第四代光源。SASE依据的是高增益自由电子激光原理,利用了光阴极微波电子枪技术和电子直线加速器技术。综述了SASE的历史发展、基本原理、基本结构、主要物理特征和对电子束的要求。     

深紫外自由电子激光装置最新进展

中国科学院上海应用物理研究所自由电子激光团队于近日完成了一项新的自由电子激光实验,在上海深紫外自由电子激光装置(SDUV-FEL)上,利用相对论电子束团在沟槽金属结构中激起的尾波场,对电子束纵向相空间的非线性进行了补偿,并成功实现了自由电子激光辐射光谱的操控和改善。该项研究成果近日发表在《物理评论快报》。作为第四代先进光源,自由电子激光由高亮度电子束团驱     

100微米自由电子激光研究进展

自由电子激光器（FEL）是一种将相对论性电子的动能变换成电磁辐射的装置。电子束和电磁波沿摇摆器在同一直线上传输，摇摆器使电子产生横向的速度分量，实现电子和辐射场之间的能量交换。从电子束抽取的动能转换成电磁辐射，辐射的波长决定于电子束的能量和摇摆器参数。FEL具有波长连续可调、可获得高功率和光束品质好等优点，在军事上和基础科学研究中有很好的应用前景，美国、日本以及一些欧洲国家对自由电子激光的研究极为重视，并得到了很好的成果。2004年7月美国的JLAB实验室获得了10kW的自由电子激光，使人们对自由电子激光在激光武器中的定位进行了重新思考，从而掀起了又一轮世界范围内的自由电子激光研究热潮。     

激光脉冲和电子束对撞准确度的测量方法

超强激光脉冲与相对论电子束相互对撞是当前主要的强场量子电动力学（QED）实验手段。如何测量超强激光脉冲和电子束对撞的准确度,进而实现微米精度的准确对撞,是目前限制实验发展的重要因素。利用蒙特卡罗数值模拟方法,系统研究了超强激光脉冲和相对论电子束相互对撞过程,重点关注了电子和辐射光子动力学信息与激光脉冲和电子束对撞偏移量之间的对应关系。研究发现:辐射光子的空间分布信息,可以有效反映出激光脉冲和电子束的对撞偏移量。基于该研究结果,实验中可利用光子空间分布的信息,实现对激光脉冲和电子束对撞准确度的调节,从而有望促进强场QED实验技术的发展。     

Harmonic operation of high gain harmonic generation free electron laser

In high gain harmonic generation (HGHG) free electron laser (FEL), with the right choice of parameters of the modulator undulator, the dispersive section and the seed laser, one may make the spatial bunching of the electron beam density distribution correspond to one of the harmonic frequencies of the radiator radiation, instead of the fundamental frequency of the radiator radiation in conventional HGHG, thus the radiator undulator is in harmonic operation (HO) mode. In this paper, we investigate HO of HGHG FEL. Theoretical analyses with universal method are derived and numerical simulations in ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet spectral regions are given. It shows that the power of the 3rd harmonic radiation in the HO of HGHG may be as high as 18.5% of the fundamental power level. Thus HO of HGHG FEL may obtain short wavelength by using lower beam energy.     

First ultraviolet high-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser

We report the first experimental results on a high-gain harmonic-generation (HGHG) free-electron laser (FEL) operating in the ultraviolet. An 800 nm seed from a Ti:sapphire laser has been used to produce saturated amplified radiation at the 266 nm third harmonic. The results confirm the predictions for HGHG FEL operation: stable central wavelength, narrow bandwidth, and small pulse-energy fluctuation.     

Harmonic operation of high gain harmonic generation free electron laser

In high gain harmonic generation (HGHG) free electron laser (FEL), with the right choice of parameters of the modulator undulator, the dispersive section and the seed laser, one may make the spatial bunching of the electron beam density distribution correspond to one of the harmonic frequencies of the radiator radiation, instead of the fundamental frequency of the radiator radiation in conventional HGHG, thus the radiator undulator is in harmonic operation (HO) mode. In this paper, we investigate HO of HGHG FEL.Theoretical analyses with universal method are derived and numerical simulations in ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet spectral regions are given. It shows that the power of the 3rd harmonic radiation in the HO of HGHG may be as high as 18.5% of the fundamental power level. Thus HO of HGHG FEL may obtain short wavelength by using lower beam energy.     

Instantaneous electron beam emittance measurement system based on the optical transition radiation principle

One kind of instantaneous electron beam emittance measurement system based on the optical transition radiation principle and double imaging optical method has been set up. It is mainly adopted in the test for the intense electron-beam produced by a linear induction accelerator. The system features two characteristics. The first one concerns the system synchronization signal triggered by the following edge of the main output waveform from a Blumlein switch. The synchronous precision of about 1 ns between the electron beam and the image capture time can be reached in this way so that the electron beam emittance at the desired time point can be obtained. The other advantage of the system is the ability to obtain the beam spot and beam divergence in one measurement so that the calculated result is the true beam emittance at that time, which can explain the electron beam condition. It provides to be a powerful beam diagnostic method for a 2.5 kA, 18.5 MeV, 90 ns (FWHM) electron beam pulse produced by Dragon I. The ability of the instantaneous measurement is about 3 ns and it can measure the beam emittance at any time point during one beam pulse. A series of beam emittances have been obtained for Dragon I. The typical beam spot is 9.0 mm (FWHM) in diameter and the corresponding beam divergence is about 10.5 mrad.     

Generation of Coherent Radiation in the Near X-Ray Band by a Cascade FEL with a Two-Frequency Undulator

Generation of X-ray radiation in a cascade self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (SASE FEL) using the harmonics of a two-frequency undulator is studied. The advanced phenomenological model of a one-pass FEL that accounts for the main losses in real FELs is presented: the electron energy spread in the beam, the beam divergence, diffraction, and the fact that emission losses are greater at higher harmonics than in the main frequency range. The FEL mathematical model was performed using the Mathematica software and calibrated within the experiment carried out at the operating SPARC facility via complex three-dimensional numerical simulations. The phenomenological model is used to analyze FEL dynamics for generation of a high-energy X-ray emission at a relatively short length. It is proposed to use a two-frequency undulator for the initial electron grouping and subsequent frequency multiplication in a cascade FEL with higher harmonic amplification (HGHG). The advantages of the two-frequency undulator are presented for electron grouping at higher harmonics of the undulator radiation (UR). The operation of several types of FEL is simulated with amplification of the seed laser wave frequency in two and three cascades to generate the soft X-ray radiation. A seed laser with a wavelength of 11.43 nm corresponding to the peak reflectivity of mirror coatings with MoRu/Be is proposed for generating the intensive X-ray laser radiation with λ ~ 1.27–3.37 nm. Here, the intensive radiation power reaches 50 MW at a length of only 35 meters; the radiation shows good temporal coherence corresponding to the performance of a low-power seed laser with a lower frequency.     

Accurate Burst Trigger Mode for Dragon-Ⅰ Electron Beam Measurement System

The electron beam measurement system for Dragon-I must work synchronously with the beam production and transportation accurately in order to obtain correct data．The synchronization with about 1ns is important．The output waveform of Blumlein lines in pulsed-power system is of amplitude of about 250kV and 20ns active edge time(following edge)．The electron beam will hit the conversion target in about 145ns later steadily and the jitter time is about 1—2ns．The synchronization precision with the same level of the jitter time will be reached if the sharp following edge of waveform is selected to be the time base．The synchronization trigger signal for measurement system can be obtained by the way of differentiating the following edge and the accuracy of about ns can also be reached with suitable circuit parameters．The optical fiber is also adopted to remove the interference on the measurement system from the high voltage system．This kind of burst trigger mode overcomes many disadvantages such as low accuracy, long delay time, large jitter in normal trigger mode and can provide the trigger time accurately．It can meet the need to measure the electron beam parameters at any required time．     

变周期慢波系统内同步问题的研究

由于行波管的工作依赖于其慢波系统中的电子注与沿轴传输交变电磁场之间的相互作用而完成,而这样的相互作用要求沿轴传输的交变电磁场必须与电子注有着近乎同步的速度,所以慢波系统内的同步问题就成了研究行波管的一个很重要的问题.而变周期慢波系统是将一般慢波系统的周期进行变化而形成的,它可以比原周期慢波系统有着更宽的带宽,更高的互作用效率,还可以选择空间谐波.本文分析了变周期慢波系统内的空间谐波,提出了使慢波系统内的一次空间谐波一直与电子注同步所需要满足的原则,最后以变周期折叠波导为例,证明了这个原则. 关键词： 变周期 慢波系统 空间谐波 同步     

基于汤姆逊散射的X射线光源的物理问题研究

针对汤姆逊散射X射线光源,推导了任意散射角下出射X射线的时间结构、产额,分析了位置和同步偏差、发射度、能散等非理想因素的影响.     

神龙一号电子束束参数测量系统猝发式的精确触发方式研究

为了准确了解电子束随时间变化的性能, 在神龙一号直线感应加速器上进行电子束束参数测量时要求测量系统精确地同步于电子束的产生和输运. 其功率系统开关放电波形后沿幅度高达250kV, 下降时间约20ns, 并且从该下降沿到电子束打靶的时间有145ns, 抖动1—2ns, 非常稳定; 如果以陡峭的后沿作为测量时间基准, 则可以获得与其抖动相同量级的同步精度. 因此通过对其波形的下降沿进行微分来获取测量系统的触发信号, 选择合适的微分参数可以得到对应于下降沿 约ns级精度的测量时间基准, 通过采用光纤驱动电路完全消除了高压开关对低压测量系统的干扰, 保证测量系统正常工作. 该方法消除了传统触发方式因延时长、精度低、抖动大等对确定测量时间基准的不利影响, 满足了使用高速测量设备准确获取电子束不同时刻的束参数波形的精确触发要求.