逆运动学弹性共振散射方法在非束缚核结构研究中的应用

简要介绍了近几年发展起来的厚靶逆运动学弹性共振散射方法在非稳定核结构测量中的应用。它是研究非束缚态核结构的实验方法之一。通过测量反冲轻核的激发函数，提取共振态的能量、自旋宇称和衰变宽度等。主要用于研究非稳定核素的结构、核天体物理中相关核的阈能共振态的能级参数测量等。The method of elastic resonance scattering in inverse kinematics, which was progressed in recent years, is briefly introduced. It is a novel experimental technique to perform meaningful experiments under conditions of the very short-lived nuclides and the beam intensities only 1 000 atoms/s. The excitation function of recoil proton has been measured in experiment; the shape of proton energy spectrum can be also used to uniquely deter- mine the energy of resonant states, spin-parity, partial decay width and spectroscopic factors of the states. This method is mainly used in the investigation of unstable nuclei and the level parameters measurement of near threshold resonant state of the nuclear astrophysics related nuclei.     

同位旋相似态的谱因子计算

利用R矩阵理论程序, 采用数值计算方法, 通过拟合实验测量的中重核激发函数, 确定光学模型势, 提取共振态的共振能量、 衰变宽度等。 计算了共振弹性散射激发态的谱因子, 并和其它实验提取的谱因子数据进行了比较, 得到了和实验一致的结果。 此方法将来可以推广到轻核以及非束缚核的研究中去。 In this article, the experimental excitation function has been simulated in the numerical method based on R matrix theory and optical model potential, the decay energy and decay partial width of the resonant states have been obtained. Then the spectroscopic factor of the excited state in resonance elastic scattering reaction has been calculated, and it was compared with other experimental results, it shows a good agreement with the experimental data.     

关键天体反应18Ne(α, p)21Na的实验研究

在X 射线暴高温高密度的环境中,18Ne( α, p)21Na 很可能是由热CNO 循环突破到rp 过程的一个重要反应。到目前为止,人们测得的反应率还存在很大的不确定性。实验中用CRIB(CNS RadioactiveIon Beam separator) 提供的21Na 放射性束轰击8.8 mg/cm2 的聚乙烯厚靶,利用放置在θlab = 14°,0°,14° 处的3 套硅条探测器望远镜阵列对反冲轻粒子进行鉴别和测量,测得在一段能区(Ex = 5:5  9:2MeV) 内21Na(p, p)21Na 的激发函数。通过对21Na(p, p) 共振弹性散射截面进行R矩阵拟合,得到了22Mg共振能级的自旋宇称以及质子宽度等信息,从而为计算18Ne( α,, p)21Na 反应率提供了实验参数。The 18Ne(α ,p)21Na reaction is thought to be one of the key breakout reaction from the hot CNO cycle to the rp-process in X-ray bursts. Over stellartemperatures achieved in XRBs, this rate has not been sufficiently determined.The experiment was performed using CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) at the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) of the University of Tokyo. An 89 MeV 21Na radioactive ion beam was produced and bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm2 thick polyethylene target. The recoiled light particles were detected with three Micron silicon ΔE-E telescopes centered at angles of θlab = 0°; +14° and 14°with respect to the beam direction, respectively. The 21Na+p elastic-scattering excitation functions were reconstructed with a thick-target method over energies Ex = 5:5  9:2 MeV. The resonance parameters have been determined through an R-matrix analysis,which will be used to evaluate the 18Ne( α, p)21Na reaction rate.     

17F + p 厚靶实验对18Ne共振态性质的研究

实验通过17F+p共振弹性散射研究了复合核18Ne激发态中与天体核反应14O(α, p)17F相关的共振态性质。利用兰州放射性束流线(RIBLL)对弹核碎裂反应产生的放射性束17F进行了分离和提纯。经过降能后,能量为4.22 AMeV 的17F束流轰击在T2终端的厚氢靶(CH₂)_n上。　两套∆E-E Si探测器望远镜放置在两个不同的探测角度θ_lab≈2.3°和14°上,对反冲质子的角度和能量进行了测量。实验观测到了复合核18Ne的几条质子共振能级。通过R-Matrix理论程序对激发函数进行拟合,得到了共振态的能量、 自旋、 宇称和衰变宽度等共振参数。Resonant properties in18Ne relevant to the stellar reaction of 14O(α, p)17F have been investigated through a resonant elastic scattering of 17F+p. The 17F RI beam was produced via a projectile fragmentation reaction, and subsequently separated and purified by Radioactive Ion beam Line in Lanzhou(RIBLL). After a series of energy degradation,a 4.22 AMeV 17F beam bombarded a thick(CH₂)_ntarget at T2 terminal. Energy and angle of the recoiled protons were measured by two sets of ∆E-E silicon telescope at θ_lab≈2.3°,14° respectively. Several resonances in 18Ne were observed,and their resonant parametersincluding energy,spin parity and decay width have been determined by an R-Matrix analysis of the experimental excitation function.     

Excited States in ^18Ne Studied via ^17F＋p

The elastic resonance scattering of ^17F＋p is studied in inverse kinematics via a thick-target method. The excitation function for ^17F＋p elastic scattering is obtained within the energy interval of Ec.m ≈ 0.4-1.7 MeV. The experimental excitation function is analyzed with a multilevel R-matrix code MULTI7, and the proton widths are deduced. The α decay from 6.15 MeV 1- state in 18Ne is observed, which is critical to the 14O（α, p）17F reaction as the main breakout route from CNO cycle to rp-process in supernovae and x-ray bursts.     

Study of X(5568) in a unitary coupled-channel approximation of BK and B_sπ

The potential of the B meson and the pseudoscalar meson is constructed up to the next-to-leading order Lagrangian, and then the BK and B_sπ interaction is studied in the unitary coupled-channel approximation. A resonant state with a mass about 5568 MeV and J~P= 0~+is generated dynamically, which can be associated with the X(5568) state announced by the D0 Collaboration recently. The mass and the decay width of this resonant state depend on the regularization scale in the dimensional regularization scheme, or the maximum momentum in the momentum cutoff regularization scheme. The scattering amplitude of the vector B meson and the pseudoscalar meson is calculated, and an axial-vector state with a mass near 5620 MeV and J~P= 1~+is produced. Their partners in the charm sector are also discussed.     

Parameterization of Nuclear Hulthén Potential for Nucleus-Nucleus Elastic Scattering

In contrast to Gaussian or Woods-Saxon potential a two-term four parameter nuclear Hulth′en type interaction is considered to describe the α-α, α-~3He and α-~3H systems. By exploiting the phase function method, scattering phase shifts are computed up to ELab = 100 MeV for the α-α system and ELab = 15 Me V for α-~3He and α-~3H systems.The S-wave phase shift δ_0 for the α-α system tends to 2π and δ_(3/2)-for the α-~3He system tends to π, in the limit of zero energy. Reasonable agreements in phase shifts with the standard data are obtained with this simple potential model except for the 5/2~- states of α-~3He and α-~3H systems. With an additional energy-dependent correction factor to our potential, a good agreement with experimental data is obtained for 5/2~- states. We have also compared our results with the convenient Born approximations.     

Optical Potential Calculations of Positron-H2 Elastic Collision

We report the calculations of the elastic scattering differential cross section for positron H2 collisions with the impact energy below the positronium formation threshold. Our calculation is based on the static-exchange-optical model which has obtained great success in the case of electron scattering. The effective potential used here includes the static and optical potentials. The optical method can completely include the second-order effect arising from real and virtual excitation of target states, which is important for the scattering. A comparison is made with the available theoretical calculations.     

Generation of various multiatom entangled graph states via resonant interactions

In this paper, a scheme for generating various multiatom entangled graph states via resonant interactions is proposed. We investigate the generation of various four-atom graph states first in the ideal case and then in the case in which the cavity decay and atomic spontaneous emission are taken into consideration in the process of interaction. More importantly, we improve the possible distortion of the graph states coming from cavity decay and atomic spontaneous emission by performing appropriate unitary transforms on atoms. The generation of multiatom entangled graph states is very important for constructing quantum one-way computer in a fault-tolerant manner. The resonant interaction time is very short, which is important in the sense of decoherence. Our scheme is easy and feasible within the reach of current experimental technology.     

Investigation of the near-threshold cluster resonance in ~(14)C

An experiment for p(~(14)C,~(14)C~*→~(10)Be+α)p inelastic excitation and decay was performed in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 25.3 Me V/u.A series of~(14)C excited states,including a new one at 18.3(1)Me V,were observed which decay to various states of the final nucleus of~(10)Be.A specially designed telescope system,installed around zero degrees,played an essential role in detecting the resonant states near theα-separation threshold.A state at 14.1(1)Me V is clearly identified,being consistent with the predicted band-head of the molecular rotational band characterized by theπ-bond linear chain configuration.Further clarification of the properties of this exotic state is suggested by using appropriate reaction tools.     

An Investigation of ~4He+~(12)C and ~4He+~(16)O Reactions Using the Cluster Model

The α-target semimicroscopic single folding potentials have been derived by folding a composite (repul-sive and attractive) effective α-α interaction with the α-cluster distribution density in the target nuclei. The obtained potentials are considered as the real part of the nuclear optical model potentials, while the imaginary parts are phe-nomenologicaly expressed using the Woods-Saxon form. Nine sets of measured experimental data of the 4He+12C and 4 He+16O elastic rainbow scattering over the energy range 80-240 MeV are analyzed using the obtained potentials. The data are successfully reproduced using the extracted potentials. The resulted reaction cross sections are also investigated and compared with the available corresponding data.     

4.2 GeV α-^12C Elastic Scattering Based on α-Particle Model

Based on the α-particle model of ^12C nucleus, the differential cross sections for α-^12C elastic scattering at incident energy of 4.2 GeV have been calculated within the framework of Glauber multiple scattering theory. The results show that the main features of the measured angular distribution of the cross sections can be reasonably described. The parameterized α-α scattering amplitude, which is the basic input to construct the α-^12 C scattering Glauber amplitude in the a-particle model, is obtained by fitting the α-α scattering data.     

16O(α,γ)20Ne反应的实验研究

讨论了目前16O(α ,γ) 2 0 Ne反应的实验研究工作 ,并对2 0 Na β+—→2 0 N →16O +α的β+ 缓发衰变α能谱的相对强度值同文献进行了比较 ,讨论了低能激发能级、共振强度及其对共振截面的贡献、S因子的理论研究.The experimental investigations of 16 O(α,γ) 20 Ne reaction is reviewed. The energy spectrum of β + delay α decay were measured through the 20 Naβ +-→ 20 Ne *→ 16 O+α process, and the relative densities of α decays are compared with the reference s results. The low excitation energy levels, resonance strength and its contribution to the resonance crosses section are also discussed. Finally, we have calculated the reaction rate of the direct capture reaction.......     

Notch Test for Radial Sensitivity on Neutron Density Distribution in ^48Ca Probed by α-Particle Elastic Scattering

Notch tests are made to study the sensitive regions in the neutron density distribution in the ground state of^48 Ca probed by the angular distributions of differential cross sections of α-particle elastic scattering at 104 MeV with optical model potentials calculated by using a systematic single-folding model. An improved notch scheme is proposed, which perturbs the neutron density distribution of the target nucleus locally. Results of the notch tests show that the angular distribution of differential cross sections for α particle elastic scattering at 104 MeV only probe the surface of the neutron density distribution in ^48Ca.     

Mixed symmetry states and isospin excitation in the N =Z nucleus 28Si

The interacting boson model with isospin (IBM-3) has been used to study the isospin excitation states and mixed symmetry states at low spin for 28Si. The theoretical calculations are in agreement with experimental data. The theoretical results show that the 81+ energy is 14.73 MeV.     

Decoherence-immune generation of highly entangled states for two atoms

This paper proposes a decoherence-immune scheme for generating highly entangled states for two atoms trapped in a cavity. The scheme is based on two resonant atom-cavity interactions. Conditional upon the detection of no photon, the two atoms may exchange an excitation via the first resonant interaction, which leads to entanglement. Due to the loss of the excitation, the two atoms are in a mixed entangled state. With the help of an auxiliary ground state not coupled to the cavity mode, the state related to the excitation loss is eliminated by the detection of a photon resulting from the second resonant interaction. Thus, the fidelity of entanglement is almost not affected by the decoherence.     

294MeV 20Ne＋12C出射α粒子的研究

实验测量了２９４ＭｅＶ２０Ｎｅ＋１２Ｃ反应中出射α粒子的单举能谱及角分布,用三源模型拟合了实验数据,大角度出射α粒子的实验结果表明了靶核碎裂（ｂｒｅａｋｕＰ）机制的存在． Inclusive energy spectra and angutar distribution of α-particles have been measured in the reaction of 294MeV 20N bombardment of 12C target. Three sources fitting was Performed for the experimental data. The fact of α-particle emission at large angles indicates the process of target breakup.     

High-lying excited states in ~(10)Be from the ~9Be(~9Be,~(10)Be)~8Be reaction

A transfer-reaction experiment of ~9Be(~9Be,~(10)Be)~8Be was performed at a beam energy of 45 Me V.Excited states in ~(10)Be up to 18.80 Me V are produced using missing mass and invariant mass methods.Most of the observed high-lying resonant states,reconstructed from theα+~6He and t+~7Li decay channels,agree with the previously reported results.In addition,two new resonances at 15.6 and 18.8 Me V are identified from the present measurement.The 18.55 Me V state is found to decay into both the t + ~7Lig:s: and t + ~7Li?(0.478 MeV) channels, with a relative branching ratio of 0:93 ± 0:33. Further theoretical investigations are encouraged to interpret this new information on cluster structure in neutron-rich light nuclei.     

Investigation of the anomaly in $\eta$-photoproduction off the neutron

Quasi-free photoproduction of wmesons off the neutron and off the proton has been studied using a deuterium target and bremsstrahlung photons produced by MAMI-C with incident energies up to 1.5 GeV. The wmesons were detected in coincidence with the recoil nucleons thus a fully exclusive measurement was performed. Preliminary results show a bump-like structure in the excitation function for the neutron close to W ≈ 1675 MeV which is not seen for the proton. Considering the experimental resolution and using a Breit-Wigner fit the width of this structure was approximated below 50 MeV.