量子光学中宇称算符的新推导及新应用

我们研究了量子光学理论中的宇称算符及其应用。我们用有序算符内的积分方法,从宇称变换的物理意义出发自然地导出量子宇称算符的明确表达式;并将宇称变换和其它量子变换(如坐标-动量互变、压缩变换等)结合在一起考虑,构建了联合变换算符。最后给出了宇称算符在构建共轭纠缠态表象的应用。     

用纠缠态表象推导广义Ehrenfest定理

利用两粒子相对坐标和总动量的共同本征态|η〉构成的连续变量纠缠态表象,推导了转动系统的Ehrenfest定理,从而说明了在满足某些近似的情况下,量子力学不但能够与经典物理完美自洽,而且利用量子力学的规律可以导出相应的经典物理规律.     

奇偶二项式光场态的小波变换

利用有序算符内积分方法,小波变换可以表示为被转换态矢|f〉在压缩平移算符U(μ,s)作用下向母小波态矢〈ψ|转换的矩阵元〈ψ|U(μ,s)|f〉. 在此基础上,计算了奇、偶二项式态的小波变换,得到小波变换谱. 结果表明,小波变换谱可以起到识别这些量子力学态的作用,具有直观易辨的优点. 关键词： 小波变换 奇偶二项式态 有序算符内积分     

新纠缠态表象的构建及其性质

运用有序算符内积分(IWOP)技术,构建了(x)2—p1和.(x)1—P2的共同本征态｜η〉,并分析了该新纠缠表象的Schmidt分解形式.另外,我们还得到纠缠态｜η>的共轭态｜ξ〉,同时计算了它们的内积.最后我们给出了新双模压缩算符S2=μ∫d2η/π｜μη〉〈η｜的显式,并分析了其压缩特性.     

谐振子径向幂坐标矩阵元的一般递推关系

利用谐振子径向波函数的渐近行为和积分特性,导出了谐振子径向幂坐标矩阵元〈n′_rl′|r~k|n_rl〉的递推关系,从而把有关文献中关于对角元〈n_rl|r~k|n_rl〉的递推关系推广到更为一般的形式。     

利用|x〉导出λ■+μ■的本征矢

利用坐标本征矢|x〉在Fock空间的展开式,导出了算符λ■+μ■在Fock空间的本征矢|ψ〉,并证明了其正交完备性.结果表明,得到的|ψ〉既是完备的,又是正交的,完全可以作为一个表象使用.当λ和μ分别取1和0时,|ψ〉约化为坐标本征态|x〉,而当λ和μ分别取0和1时,|ψ〉约化为动量本征态|p〉.因此,|ψ〉所构成的表象是介于坐标表象和动量表象之间的中介表象.     

相干态在参数量子相空间的两维正态分布

把量子力学与数理统计的正态分布联系起来进行初步的尝试.用数理统计的观点和有序算符内的积分技术研究相干态,指出在依赖一个实参数k的量子化方案中,相干态|z??z|在相空间呈现出以(q,p)为随机变量的两维正态分布,z=(q+ip)/√2.两个随机变量的相关系数为ik.在k=±1的参数相空间中,|z??z|分别表现出P排序(P在Q左)和Q排序的形式(Q在P左),而在k=0的参数相空间中,|z??z|表现出Weyl排序的形式.在P排序和Q排序的情况下,量子算符|z??z||z=(q+ip)/√2的经典对应函数中随机变量(q,p)是关联的,只有在Weyl对应时,随机变量(q,p)是独立的.也就是说,算符的Weyl排序有利于其经典对应的随机变量解脱关联.     

利用IWOP技术构建量子力学新表象

基于对坐标表象、动量表象及相干态表象完备性关系式的正规乘积内纯高斯积分形式的分析,阐述了利用有序算符内的积分技术构建量子力学新表象的思路和方法,并具体以单模坐标-动量中介表象、双模纠缠态表象和双模相干纠缠态表象的构建为例进行了论述.     

基于p1-p2与a1+a2共同本征态的相干纠缠态表象的构建及性质

利用有序算符乘积内的积分技术（IWOP）,建立了一种称之为相干纠缠态的两粒子体系的新表象,研究了这种新表象的性质,从理论上探讨了这种相干纠缠态的产生方法.结果表明：本文建立的这种p₁-p₂与a₁+a₂的共同本征态|p,β〉,既具有相干态的特性,又体现了纠缠态的特征,具有超完备性,完全可以作为一个表象使用. 物理上可以用光分束器来实现|< 关键词： IWOP技术 相干纠缠态表象 分束器     

IWOP积分技术证明粒子数平移态的过完备性

利用正规乘积算符内的积分技术(IWOP),导出了在相干态|z＞过完备性中,积分变量z与z*可以独立地做积分变换,而保持其完备性.利用相干态的这一特点和IWOP积分技术,进而可以方便地证明粒子数平移态D(z),|n＞具有过完备性.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.