Sc掺杂正交相Ca2Si电子结构及光学性质的第一性原理

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论(DFT)赝势平面波方法,对块体及掺Sc的正交相Ca2Si的电子结构和光学性质进行了系统计算.计算结果表明,掺Sc后的Ca2Si能带向低能端偏移,形成n型半导体,正交相结构能隙变为0.6084eV,相比块体Ca2Si带隙加宽了一倍,但仍为直接带隙半导体.Ca2Si掺杂Sc后,正交相导带主要是Ca的4s、3d态和Sc的3d、3p态电子构成,静态介电常数变大,折射率也变大,吸收系数相比块体在低能段基本无变化,在高能段虽吸收系数减小,但仍保持105数量级且大于β-FeSi2的吸收系数,说明Ca2Si在太阳能电池上具有较好的应用前景.通过掺杂有效调制了Ca2Si的电子结构和光学性质,计算结果为Ca2Si光电材料的设计与应用提供了理论依据.     

Sc掺杂Ca3Si4的电子结构和光学性质

利用基于密度泛函理论的赝势平面波方法对Sc掺Ca3Si4的电子结构和光学性质进行了系统的计算和分析比较.研究结果为块体Ca3Si4是间接带隙半导体,带隙为0.372eV,价带主要是由Si的3s和3p及Ca的3d态电子构成,导带主要是由Ca的3d态电子构成,静态介电常数ε1(0)=19,折射率n0=4.35;吸收系数在能量3.024eV处达到最大峰值1.56×105cm-1.而掺杂Sc变为n型半导体;费米能级附近的导带主要则由Ca的3d态电子和Sc的3d态电子构成,静态介电常数变为ε1(0)=54.58,折射率n0=7.416;吸收系数在能量5.253eV处达到最大峰值1.614×105cm-1.通过掺杂有效调制了Ca3Si4的电子结构和光学性质,计算结果为Ca3Si4光电材料的设计与应用提供了理论依据.     

掺杂Mg2Si电子结构及光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法系统计算了Mg2Si及掺Ag、Al的能带结构、态密度和光学性质.计算结果表明,未掺杂Mg2Si属于间接带隙半导体,禁带宽度为0.2994 eV,其价带主要由Si的3p及Mg的3s、3p态电子构成,导带主要由Mg的3s、3p及Si的3p态电子构成,静态介电常数为18.89,折射率为4.3460.掺Ag后Mg2Si为p型半导体,价带主要由Si的3p,Mg的3s、3p及Ag的3p、4d、5s态电子构成,静态介电常数为11.01,折射率为3.3175.掺Al后Mg2Si为n型半导体,导带主要由Mg的3s、3p,Si的3p及Al的3p态电子构成,Al的3s态电子贡献相对较小,静态介电常数为87.03,折射率为9.3289.通过掺杂有效调制了Mg2Si的电子结构,计算结果为Mg2Si光电材料的设计与应用提供了理论依据.     

C掺杂β-FeSi2的电子结构和光学特性研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,对C掺杂p-FeSi2的几何结构、能带结构、态密度和光学性质进行了理论计算.几何结构和电子结构的计算表明:C掺杂后使得β-FeSi2的晶格常数a和b减少,c变化不大,晶格体积减小;C掺杂后的 β-FeSi2能带结构仍为准直接带隙,禁带宽度变窄,直接带隙与间接带隙的能量差值不变,C的掺杂消弱了Fe的3d态电子,费米能级附近的电子态密度主要由Fe的3d态电子贡献.光学性质的计算表明:与未掺杂时相比,介电函数的实部ε1减少,虚部ε2的峰值减少并向高能方向有一微小的偏移,吸收系数有所降低.计算结果为β-FeSi2光电材料的应用和设计提供了理论指导.     

C掺杂β-FeSi2的电子结构和光学特性研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,对C掺杂β-FeSi2的几何结构、能带结构、态密度和光学性质进行了理论计算.几何结构和电子结构的计算表明：C掺杂后使得β-FeSi2的晶格常数a和b减少,c变化不大,晶格体积减小;C掺杂后的β-FeSi2能带结构仍为准直接带隙,禁带宽度变窄,直接带隙与间接带隙的能量差值不变, C的掺杂消弱了Fe的3d态电子,费米能级附近的电子态密度主要由Fe的3d态电子贡献.光学性质的计算表明：与未掺杂时相比,介电函数的实部 减少,虚部 的峰值减少并向高能方向有一微小的偏移,吸收系数有所降低.计算结果为β-FeSi2光电材料的应用和设计提供了理论指导.     

OsSi2电子结构和光学性质的研究

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论赝势平面波方法,对正交相OsSi₂的电子结构、态密度和光学性质进行了理论计算,能带结构计算表明它是一种间接带隙半导体,禁带宽度为0813 eV;其价带主要由Os的5d和Si的3p态电子构成;导带主要由Si的3s,3p以及Os的5d态电子构成;静态介电常数ε₁（0）=1543; 折射率n＝393并利用计算的能带结构和态密度分析了OsSi₂的介电函数、吸收系数、折射率、反射率、 关键词： 2')" href="#">OsSi₂ 第一性原理 电子结构 光学性质     

高压下LiNbO_3晶体电子结构与光学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理超软赝势平面方法研究了外界压强对LiNbO_3晶体态密度,能带结构,电荷密度以及光学性质的影响.能带结构计算表明,价带顶主要由O-2p和Nb-4d态电子贡献,导带底主要由Nb-4d态电子贡献,且带隙随着压强的增加而线性增大.利用复介电函数计算了LiNbO_3晶体在不同压强下光学性质的折射率、反射率、吸收函数,能量损失函数以及光电导率.研究发现:外界压强大于10GPa时,静态折射率保持不变,随外界压强的增加,反射率、吸收函数以及光电导率区间有一定程度的拓宽,损失函数峰发生"蓝移".研究表明,外界高压可以有效调控LiNbO_3晶体的电子结构和光学性质,为LiNbO_3晶体的高压应用提供了有益的理论依据.     

Mn掺杂6H-SiC的第一性原理研究

本文通过密度泛函理论第一性原理平面波超软赝势计算方法计算了Mn掺杂6H-SiC的电子结构与光学性质。计算结果显示掺杂Mn后的6H-SiC为间接带隙p型半导体,且带隙较本征体有所降低,带隙由2.022 eV降为0.602 eV,电子从价带跃迁所需能量减少。掺杂后的Mn的3d能级在能带结构中以杂质能级出现,提高了载流子浓度,导电性增强。光学性质研究中,掺杂Mn后的介电函数虚部在低能处增加,电子激发态数量增多,跃迁概率增大。掺杂后的光吸收谱能量初值也较未掺杂的3.1 eV扩展到0 eV,反射谱发生红移。由于禁带宽度的降低使得光电导率起始范围得到扩展。     

Al掺杂浓度对CrSi2电子结构及光学性质的影响

采用基于第一性原理的赝势平面波方法,对不同Al掺杂浓度CrSi2的几何结构、能带结构、态密度和光学性质进行了计算和比较。几何结构和电子结构的计算表明:Al掺杂使得CrSi2的晶格常数a和b增大,c变化不大,晶格体积增大;Cr(Si1-xAlx)2仍然是间接带隙半导体,掺杂使得费米面向价带移动,且随着掺杂量的增大而更深地嵌入价带中,费米能级附近的电子态密度主要由Cr的3d态电子贡献。光学性质计算表明,随着掺杂量的增大,Cr(Si1-xAlx)2的静态介电常数、第一介电峰、折射率n0逐渐增大,平均反射效应减弱,表明Al掺杂有效增强了CrSi2对光的吸收,能够提高其光电转换效率。计算结果为CrSi2光电材料的应用和设计提供了理论指导。     

Sc2O3电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理平面波赝势(PWP)和广义梯度近似(GGA)方法,研究了Sc2O3的电子结构、态密度和光学性质. 计算结果表明：Sc2O3是一种直接带隙半导体,其能带宽度为3.79eV,价带顶部主要由O的2p和Sc的3p3d杂化而成,导带主要由Sc的3d和O的2p构成. 同时,文中也分析了Sc2O3的介电函数、折射率、光电导率和吸收谱等光学性质. 计算得到静态介电常数 ,折射率n0=1.25,在紫外区有较大的吸收系数.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.