16O+232Th垒下全熔合裂变

利用裂变碎片的折叠角分布,从实验上实现了全熔合裂变和转移跟随裂变两种成份的区分.在此基础上测量了质心系能量72.61至80.11MeV ¹⁶O+²³²Th全熔合裂变截面和碎片角分布.包含靶核静态形变效应的耦合道模型计算与实验激发曲线一致.然而,裂变统计理论无法解释实验上观察到的全熔合裂变碎片角分布.而鞍点模型与断点模型的理论预言有较明显的差别.     

用于垒下重离子熔合裂变研究的两维位置灵敏探测器

描述了用于近垒和垒下重离子熔合裂变实验的主要探测器——两维位置灵敏雪崩室(BPAC)的结构、工作原理及性能.给出了利用BPAC探测到的84MeV(E_cm)¹⁶O+²³²Th反应中不同碎片角区的碎片折叠角分布,并从中区分了转移裂变和复合核裂变的碎片角分布.从而证明转移裂变不是导致碎片角分布各向异性异常的原因.同时,实验结果支持了预平衡裂变模型对碎片角分布异常现象的解释.     

垒下16O+232Th裂变碎片角关联模拟

使用Monte-Carlo模拟计算了垒下¹⁶O+²³²Th系统转移裂变和复合核裂变碎片角分布及角关联.转移过程、熔合过程和裂变过程分别用半经典模型、耦合道模型及鞍点过渡态统计模型进行模拟.考虑了各物理量分布产生的运动学效应及裂前中子发射和裂后碎片粒子蒸发对碎片角分布及角关联的影响.模拟结果和实验测量的分布相一致.使用折叠角技术借助Monte-Carlo模拟区分转移裂变和复合核裂变是可能的.考虑了转移裂变和裂前中子发射的影响,复合核裂变碎片角分布各向异性异常仍然存在.     

重离子裂变反应碎片角分布

本工作采用固体核径迹探测器和金硅面垒型半导体探测器测量了¹²C+¹⁸¹Ta,¹⁹⁷Au,Pb和²⁰⁹Bi以及¹⁴N+Pb裂变反应碎片角分布.还借助于已经发表的若干裂变反应碎片角分布数据,在可裂变参数Z²/A,激发能E和角动量I较宽的范围内,用碎片角分布统计断点模型分析了重离子裂变反应碎片角分布数据.结果表明,统计断点模型能够解释重离子裂变反应碎片角分布.     

16O+238U垒下熔合裂变碎片角分布

利用云母核径迹探测器测量了轰击能量从73.7—93.4MeV的¹⁶O+²³⁸U反应的裂变截面和碎片角分布.用考虑了核静态形变的Wong模型很好地重现了裂变激发函数,由此抽取了复合核的自旋分布.同时,利用裂变鞍点过渡态理论以抽取的自旋分布计算了裂变碎片角分布,表明碎片各向异性实验值大于理论值.此外实验揭示出,在低能区碎片各向异性随入射能量变化的走向不同于以前的测量结果.     

12C+209Bi和14N+Pb裂变反应碎片角分布和激发函数测量

本工作采用固体核径迹探测器(天然白云母)和金硅面垒型半导体探测器测量了¹²C+²⁰⁹Bi和¹⁴N+Pb裂变反应的碎片角分布和激发函数.由碎片角分布各向异性提取的鞍点有效转动惯量J₀/J_eff与转动有限力程模型(RFRM)做了比较.用统计蒸发模型计算的裂变激发函数拟合实验数据,研究了裂变位垒的角动量效应.     

84.0MeV16O轰击238U核的裂变碎片角关联的测量

使用两块大面积位置灵敏双栅雪崩计数器,测量了84.0MeV¹⁶O轰击²³⁸U核的裂变碎片角关联及角分布.用裂变碎片折叠角技术区分了熔合裂变反应中的复合核裂变和转移裂变的两种成份.在总裂变截面中,转移裂变的贡献约为10%.由于转移裂变碎片角分布的各向异性较小,扣除转移裂变贡献后,纯复合核裂变碎片各向异性提高5%左右.裂变碎片异性异常不可能仅仅来源于转移裂变的贡献.     

超重核熔合中的靶核形变效应

利用额外推力模型研究了⁴⁸Ca+²³⁸U俘获和熔合过程中的靶核形变效应.计算表明,在近垒和垒下能区,靶核形变使俘获截面和熔合截面增强,形成的复合核自旋分布展宽.     

12C离子引起裂变反应的碎片角分布

本工作采用固体核径迹探测器(天然白云母)和金硅面垒型半导体器测量了72.7,69.6,67.4,65.4,63.4和61.4MeV ¹²C离子轰击¹⁶⁹Tm,¹⁷⁵Lu,¹⁸¹Ta,W,Re,Pt,¹⁹⁷Au,Pb和²⁰⁹Bi裂变反应的碎片角分布.建立在鞍点模型基础上的裂变碎片角分布理论能够很好地解释碎片角分布实验数据.对于不同的可裂变参数Z²/A,本工作给出了K²随核激发能E^*的变化趋势.由碎片角分布各向异性提取的J₀/J_eff值与转动力液滴模型的计算值做了比较.     

非全熔合反应裂变角分布

采用核固体径迹探测器测量了¹⁶O+¹⁵⁹Tb、¹⁶O+¹⁹⁷)Au和¹⁶O+²⁰⁹Bi反应碎片角分布,扣除中等质量碎片(IMF)的贡献,用过渡态统计模型(TSM)和单个自旋标准理论拟合实验的裂变角分布,提取裂变核的自旋. 讨论了它随质心系入射能量的变化.     

Subbarrier Complete Fusion-Fission Reactions of 16)O+232Th

We have succeeded in isolating the complete arising from complete fusion-fission in terms of the fragment folding angle technique,and measured complete fusion-fission cross sections and fragment angular distributions for the ¹⁶O+²³²Th system in the center-of-mass energies between 72.61 and 80.11 MeV.The observed fission excitation function is in quite good agreement with the expectation of the coupled-channels theory.However,the measured fragment angular distributions are more anisotropic than the predictions of both the saddle-point transition-state model and scission model.     

Fusion reactions with the one-neutron halo nucleus (15)C

The structure of (15)C, with an s(1/2) neutron weakly bound to a closed-neutron shell nucleus (14)C, makes it a prime candidate for a one-neutron halo nucleus. We have for the first time studied the cross section for the fusion-fission reaction (15)C+(232)Th at energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier and compared it to the yield of the neighboring (14)C+(232)Th system measured in the same experiment. At sub-barrier energies, an enhancement of the fusion yield by factors of 2-5 was observed for (15)C, while the cross sections for (14)C match the trends measured for (12,13)C.     

Fragmentation Cross Sections of 12C on Different Targets at Beam Energies from 50 to 100MeV/Nucleon

The fragmentation cross sections of reactions ^12C＋^2H, ^12C, ^14N, ^16O at beam energies from 50 to 100 MeV/nucleon are investigated using the isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Langevin equation model. It is found that fragment species increase approximately with the increasing target mass. The fragment species and some fragments production cross sections in reactions of ^12C＋^12C, ^14N, ^16O show an obvious variation at the beam energies from 50 to 80 MeV/nucleon. However the calculated fragment production cross sections do not change much when the incident energy increases from 80 to 100 MeV/nucleon.     

基于ImIQMD模型对近垒重系统准裂变反应的研究

利用改进的同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(ImIQMD)模型程序,对能量在库仑位垒附近的48Ca+208Pb反应系统进行了模拟。 计算得到的俘获截面、 准裂变截面和碎片分布及其发生的时间分布等结果与实验数据符合较好。 同时还得到了准裂变过程中发射第三个较大碎片的截面, 并简单讨论了它们的发射机制。Based on the improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (ImIQMD) model,the reaction of 48Ca+208Pb at energies near the Coulomb barrier was investigated systematically. The capture cross section,the quasi fission cross section, the mass distribution of the quasi fission fragments and the time for quasi fission happened were obtained. According to the comparison with experimental data,the calculated capture cross sections and the fragment distributions of the quasi fission were reasonable. Additionally,we got the cross sections of the third largest fragment,and the emission mechanism was also discussed briefly.     

Coupled channel approach to subbarrier fusion cross section

We present a reduced coupled channel method to treat a large number of coupled equations. This method is shown to be a good approximation to the exact coupled channel method for the fusion calculation even in the system involving strong coupling to high spin states. This method is applied to the analysis of subbarrier fusion cross sections for^148,150,154Sm+¹⁶O,²³²Th+¹⁶O and²³⁶U +¹²C. We show that the channel coupling to low-lying collective states can explain the magnitude of the fusion cross sections, whereas it underestimates the measured mean square values of spin distribution for²³²Th+¹⁶O and²³⁶U+¹²C. This discrepancy is discussed from the viewpoint of the WKB model.     

Heavy ion reactions around the Coulomb barrier

The angular distributions of fission fragments for the 32S+184W reaction near Coulomb barrier energies are measured. The ex perimental fission excitation function is obtained. The measured fission cross sections are decomposed into fusion-fission, quasi-fission and fast fission contributions by the dinuclear system (DNS) model. The hindrance to completing fusion both at small and large collision energies is explained. The fusion excitation functions of 32S+90,96Zr in an energy range from above to below the ...     

The sub-barrier fusion of40Ar with144,148,154Sm

The cross sections for production of evaporation residues (σ _er) and for fusion-fission (σ _ff) have been measured for⁴⁰Ar+^{144, 148, 154}Sm at sub-barrier energies by observation of x-ray emission from radioactive products and by direct,ΔE?E identification of fission fragments, respectively. These isotopes span the transition region from spherical (¹⁴⁴Sm) to strongly deformed (¹⁵⁴Sm) equilibrium shapes. The cross section for fusion,σ _fus=σ _er+σ _ff, is found to vary markedly at low energies with the isotope number and, hence, with the quadrupole collectivity of the target. The thresholds for fusion of¹⁴⁸Sm and¹⁴⁴Sm are, respectively, ～3.5 MeV and ～7 MeV (c.m.) higher than for fusion with¹⁵⁴Sm. These differences and the energy dependence of the fusion cross sections are discussed in terms of the effect of nuclear deformation on heavy-ion fusion. A comparative analysis of results for¹⁶O+Sm and⁴⁰Ar+Sm in terms of static deformation indicates thatσ _fus for the Ar+Sm system at very low energies is enhanced relative to the prediction for a one-dimensional barrier based on a fit toσ _fus for¹⁶O+Sm. This may be an indication that additional degrees of freedom (such as formation of a neck or fragment elongation) may be important for fusion with the larger projectile. At energies above the fusion barrier, values ofσ _fus for^{144, 148}Sm are nearly equal, but are significantly smaller than for¹⁵⁴Sm. This is in contrast to the results of previous experiments with¹⁶O projectiles in whichσ _fus (¹⁶O+¹⁴⁸Sm) andσ _fus (¹⁶O+¹⁵⁴Sm) were nearly equal above the barrier. These differences, observed for^{144, 148}Sm and¹⁵⁴Sm at energies above the barrier may reflect a new mechanism which is not encompassed by a static theory.     

Large enhancement of the sub-barrier fusion probability for a halo nucleus

The fusion-fission cross sections of the 4He+238U and 6He+238U systems have been measured, at Louvain-la-Neuve, for energies around and below the Coulomb barrier, using an array of Si detectors surrounding a UF4 target. The data taken with 4He are in good agreement with previous data and with the coupled channel fusion calculation performed with ECIS. The 6He data show a regular trend with a large enhancement below the barrier which is attributed to the halo structure of the 6He nucleus.