基于BADV-Hop的传感器节点定位方法

针对无线传感器网络节点的定位误差较高的问题,提出蝙蝠算法校正DV-Hop算法的传感器节点定位精度提高方法(BADV-Hop);首先测量未知节点与锚节点之间的距离,然后采用DV-Hop算法初步确定未知节点的坐标,再采用蝙蝠算法校正DV-Hop算法的定位误差,最后在Matlab 2012平台上对算法性能进行仿真分析;实验结果表明,相对于DV-Hop算法,BADV-Hop算法提高了传感器的节点定位精度。     

基于蝙蝠算法的DV-Hop定位改进

无线传感器网络DV-Hop定位算法在定位过程中,由于待定位节点和锚节点之间的估算距离存在误差,这就使得定位结果必然会有误差,因此定位问题的本质就是最小化定位误差。蝙蝠算法是一种具有良好性能的智能优化算法,根据节点间的距离和锚节点的位置,应用蝙蝠算法对DV-Hop的定位结果进行了优化。基于蝙蝠算法的DV-Hop优化,无需额外增加硬件设备和节点间的通信数据量。仿真实验证明,应用蝙蝠算法改进的DV-Hop定位较原始DV-Hop定位平均提高定位精度35%以上。     

一种自适应煤矿井下环境的加权质心节点定位算法

为提高煤矿井下无线传感器网络节点定位精度,提出了一种自适应煤矿井下工况环境的加权质心节点定位算法;在信标节点双链式部署结构的基础上,首先利用未知节点周围RSSI信号强度最大的信标节点之间的位置信息和信标节点的平均RSSI值自适应地估计环境参数,再应用无线信号强度衰减模型计算未知节点到信标节点的距离,最后采用加权质心定位算法的平均值确定最终的节点位置坐标;仿真实验结果表明,所提出方法的平均定位误差为0.94 m,有效降低了环境因素及RSSI的随机性对定位精度的影响,可用于煤矿井下无线传感器网络节点实时定位系统中。     

基于灰色模型和改进Chan的海洋移动传感器定位

为了实现海洋水下传感器网络中的移动节点定位,并改善传统节点定位方法在应用于无人值守和复杂环境的海洋生态监控中具有的定位误差大的问题,提出了一种基于灰色模型预测和改进Chan算法的海洋移动传感器节点定位方法;首先,采用灰色模型对节点在下一时刻的采集数据进行预测,然后将预测值与实际采集值进行比较从而判断出移动节点的状态是否正常;在此基础上,采用改进的Chan算法对处于正常状态的移动节点进行定位,从而提高水下移动传感器节点的定位精度;在Matlab中进行仿真实验,实验结果表明:文中方法能在节点运动速度增加、通信半径变大和锚节点密度增加的情况下,均具有比其它方法更低的节点定位误差,具有一定的优越性。      

一种局部模式的RGB差值序列交叉区域取样节点定位算法

鉴于当前无线传感器网络移动节点定位技术中存在的实时性差和定位不准确的问题,设计了一种交叠区域采样模式的WSN移动节点定位算法OASM_MNL(overlapping area sampling mode of mobile node localization)。该算法通过获取的信号在能够直接和移动节点通信的信标节点的信号交叠区域里面进行局部采样;通过距离比例因子对平均跳距进行权值化,优化了中跳距的计算公式;通过差值序列对样本点滤波,在此基础上把差值序列绝对值作为加权标准,计算出移动节点的坐标。仿真结果表明,与E-CDL、MCL等常见的移动节点定位算法相比,新算法定位误差降低幅度超过,定位效果良好。     

异构不规则WSNs的定位算法

异构WSN节点在感知对象时由于遮蔽效应引起感测半径不规则,为了解决传播路径上的因障碍物遮挡引起的损耗,先求出传感器节点的感知半径,再利用Fuzzy集中最大最小法求出贴近度,然后选出一定数量满足实际需要的最大的前 个节点构成区域,求出该区域的质心坐标,即为定位坐标,为了降低算法复杂度,提出了近似算法,同时对该算法的定位误差进行了分析,最后与SBL算法进行了比较,实验表明, 该算法在不同半径时平均定位率均高于SBL算法,并且定位精度随着样本点个数的增加而增大。     

无线传感中的WPSO-DVHOP算法在节点定位中的研究

节点的定位一直都是无线传感网中的重要研究对象,针对使用传统算法定位节点容易出现估算不准确,定位精度低,算法自身局部收敛速度快等缺点,提出一种基于权值粒子群优化(WPSO)算法,首先分析了采用锚节点估算未知节点的距离与真实距离误差,采用最小二乘法的距离修正值策略,其次针对粒子群算法的收敛速度不足,提出了采用权值来调节粒子的速度,改进后的算法对节点定位误差进行修正。在仿真平台Matlab上的实验说明WPSO算法相对于基本的定位算法,粒子群定位算法相比提高了传感器节点定位精度,从算法的收敛性,节点定位的精度以及能量消耗等方面说明该算法具有一定的有效性,如何能够更好进行权值的设置使之能够更加有效提高算法的效率是下一步研究的重点。     

基于混合粒子群优化算法的DV-Hop定位算法

针对无线传感器网络节点定位技术中DV-Hop算法的不足,利用混合粒子群优化算法对DV-Hop算法的位置估计进行校正,提出了一种CCPDV-Hop算法,该方法在不需要任何额外硬件设备和通信开销基础上,将未知节点定位问题抽象为高维最优化问题,并利用混合粒子群优化算法进行求解。仿真实验结果表明,改进的DV-Hop算法与传统方法相比,定位误差显著下降,定位精度和鲁棒性都有明显提高。     

基于蝙蝠优化算法的无线传感器网络节点定位研究

节点定位是无线传感器网络应用中的关键技术,Dv-Hop算法的定位精度不尽人意,因此将三方面改进的蝙蝠算法应用于Dv-Hop平均跳距的计算过程中,在Dv-Hop的第三阶段引入改进后的蝙蝠算法代替最小二乘法来计算未知节点的坐标,大大降低平均跳距导致的定位误差,提高定位精度;仿真结果表明,改进的BA算法优化的DV-hop定位算法在不同锚节点密度、不同通信半径、不同节点数量以及定位精确度等方面表现出良好的性能。     

回归的能源有效网络大数据流汇聚算法研究

为了降低传感器网络数据流汇聚时的能源消耗,提出了一种基于回归的能源有效数据流汇聚算法。首先,将传感器节点分为活跃节点和能源有效节点。然后,以活跃节点为中心点将所有节点进行聚类,并应用回归方法通过活跃节点的数据流对能源有效节点的数据进行预测。接下来,通过节点预测值的累积误差不断修正活跃节点集。最后,应用活跃节点的数据流信息对能源有效节点的数据进行预测。实验表明,本文提出的算法与其它相关算法相比具有更好的预测准确性。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.