遗传算法优化变分模态分解提取舰船辐射噪声特征线谱方法

特征线谱提取是舰船目标识别的一个重要研究环节,常采用传统的DEMON谱分析方法,处理过程中,一般对舰船噪声时域信号未予抑噪,低信噪比情况下,传统DEMON谱分析性能差。对此,提出一种采用遗传算法优化变分模态分解方法,用于分解舰船噪声原时域信号,获得抑制噪声后的舰船噪声重构信号,进而有效提取了舰船目标噪声幅度调制特征线谱。该方法首先采用遗传算法优化变分模态分解的两个关键输入参数(分解所取模态个数和惩罚因子),对变分模态分解得到的各阶固有模态分量加以判别,去除噪声主导分量,保留信号主导分量,使重构舰船噪声信号显著抑制了干扰噪声,然后对降噪后的重构信号进行频谱分析,获得目标噪声调制特征线谱。理论分析、仿真和实验数据处理结果表明,相比传统DEMON谱分析法,基于遗传算法优化变分模态分解的舰船噪声特征线谱提取方法具有更好的噪声抑制能力,所获取的舰船噪声幅度调制特征线谱信噪比明显高于传统DEMON方法,具有一定优势,前景良好。     

舰船多辐射声源近距离通过特性的仿真

由于舰船三个特定部位(尾部、中后部、中部)的辐射噪声具有明显不同的功率谱特征,利用这些特征具有实际的意义。我们采用简化的近距离舰船辐射噪声三亮点模型来逼近舰船这三个特定部位的辐射噪声中的连续谱结构,采用时间滑动的卷积算法来重构舰船某一辐射噪声源的噪声序列,重构的噪声序列同时具有要求的幅度概率分布和功率谱形状。在重构不同辐射声源时域信号的基础上,对舰船辐射噪声的通过特性以及三个辐射噪声源在不同的接收位置的影响进行了仿真。仿真结果与实测的某型舰船的通过频谱结果相比较,表明其频域特征是大体一致的。     

水下噪声及信号的遥测浮标

本遥测浮标设计的主要特点在于采用了数字自动增益控制技术,还用了模拟-频移键控混合的信号传输方式(DAGC/FSK/PM.),以保证得到大动态范围压缩,保持水声信号波形的线性输出.同时,由浮标内设FSK标准信号对传输信号作绝对校准,直接测得声压绝对级. 浮标具有多种遥测水下信号的功能,可测海洋环境噪声、舰船辐射噪声,水下连续声波以及爆炸声源等形式的信号,并兼作水声-无线电应答测距.经多次在内陆水库、北海、东海、南海海上测试,效果良好.证明是一种海上测量的适用且经济的设备.     

参数未知的舰船辐射噪声检测方法

舰船辐射噪声的检测方法已有广泛研究,其中线谱特征是检测的重要依据。基于线谱特征的舰船辐射噪声检测方法常需要线谱数目、频率等参数作为检测的先验信息,这些信息不准确或无法确知时,检测方法的性能会受到显著影响。针对实际应用中对于未知舰船无法获得其参数信息的情况,研究基于连续谱谱峰特征的更为一般性的信号存在性检测方法。将窄带信号瞬时频率分析的思想扩展到舰船辐射噪声这类宽带信号,从信号频率与能量分布的角度推导得到宽带信号"瞬时频率"的近似表示式。构建宽带信号的瞬时频率检测器,并对其性能进行理论分析,结果表明该检测器的性能主要受舰船辐射噪声瞬时频率方差以及接收信噪比影响。通过计算机仿真和实际数据对算法的性能进行了验证。      

基于随机共振进行弱信号探测的实验研究

非线性随机共振系统可利用噪声增强微弱信号检测的能力,为强噪声背景下微弱信号的检测开创了新方法.基于随机共振的基本原理设计了硬件电路系统,并将其应用于检测单频和多频微弱信号;通过输入模拟工程实际的带噪信号,采样所得的输出信号的频谱分析结果表明,利用随机共振技术可从强噪声背景下有效地提取出单频和多频弱信号.多频弱信号的有效提取拓展了基于随机共振原理的弱信号检测技术的应用领域,结合数字滤波处理技术有效地消除了低频噪声对信号识别的影响.基于随机共振的弱信号检测技术在信息识别与信息处理方面具有巨大的潜在的应用价值.     

参数未知的舰船辐射噪声检测方法

舰船辐射噪声的检测方法已有广泛研究,其中线谱特征是检测的重要依据。基于线谱特征的舰船辐射噪声检测方法常需要线谱数目、频率等参数作为检测的先验信息,这些信息不准确或无法确知时,检测方法的性能会受到显著影响。针对实际应用中对于未知舰船无法获得其参数信息的情况,研究基于连续谱谱峰特征的更为一般性的信号存在性检测方法。将窄带信号瞬时频率分析的思想扩展到舰船辐射噪声这类宽带信号,从信号频率与能量分布的角度推导得到宽带信号"瞬时频率"的近似表示式。构建宽带信号的瞬时频率检测器,并对其性能进行理论分析,结果表明该检测器的性能主要受舰船辐射噪声瞬时频率方差以及接收信噪比影响。通过计算机仿真和实际数据对算法的性能进行了验证。     

基于听觉特性的舰船辐射噪声信号仿真

针对工程应用中对舰船辐射噪声信号仿真结果在听觉感受上模拟度欠佳的问题,建立了一种基于音色参量谱质心的辐射噪声仿真方法。采用基于实测谱的连续谱仿真模拟,并且通过整体对比实测信号的听觉特性来搜索符合特征样本音色的线谱族幅值参量,在一定程度上改善了仿真信号的听觉特征。通过仿真最优匹配度趋势来寻求最优搜索次数,用以缩短仿真时间,得到了符合工程应用的结果。     

基于变分模态分解和对称相关的目标舰船线谱检测

线谱检测是水下目标识别中的一个重要研究方向。针对舰船辐射噪声线谱信号检测与提取的需求,该文改进提出了一种基于变分模态分解和对称相关的降噪处理方法,研究了与目标线谱信号不相关的加性高斯噪声消除办法。假设舰船辐射噪声除线谱成分外均为高斯噪声,对舰船辐射噪声中线谱成分进行检测。理论推导、仿真计算与实验数据处理结果均表明,该文提出的方法能较好地检测加性高斯噪声背景下的线谱成分,较传统的相关方法更为有效。     

声学消息

声学消息多媒体舰船噪声、自然噪声数据库受海军有关上级单位的委托，中国科学院声学研究所于１９９５年８月研制成功“多媒体舰船噪声、自然噪声数据库（ＭＤ－ＳＳＳＡ）”。这是一个全数字化、高保真度的多媒体音频信号数据库。信号采样频率４４．ＩｋＨＺ，１６Ｂｉｔ...     

深海声影区时频谱干涉结构与声源定位

被动声呐探测位于深海声影区的水面舰船辐射噪声时,接收信噪比通常较低,导致声源被动定位方法的性能较差。针对这一问题,提出一种利用接收信号时频谱干涉结构的声源距离和径向速度联合估计方法。首先根据射线声学理论,建立时频谱沿频率轴和时间轴的干涉条纹周期与声源距离和径向速度的关系,然后对接收信号时频谱进行二维傅里叶变换和多频带处理以估计上述干涉条纹周期,最后解算声源距离和径向速度。仿真和海试数据处理结果表明,相比于现有利用接收信号自相关的声源距离估计方法,该文利用时频谱二维傅里叶变换的声源定位方法具有较好的稳健性,比较适用于低信噪比条件下的声源被动定位。     

A new system for rating impact sound insulation

The rating of impact sound insulation on the basis of tapping machine measurements with the ISO reference values has proved to be unsatisfactory in practice. This is mainly due to the differences in spectrum shape of tapping machine noise and real life impact noises, such as walking. The problem can be solved by changing the reference values in accordance with these differences in spectrum shape. The difference between tapping and walking noise spectra has been established by measurements on 49 different floors. In the most important frequency range (125–500 Hz) it was discovered to be sufficiently constant for all the floor constructions considered.Thus a new set of reference values has been derived, based on the assumption that the NR-curves provide a correct subjective rating system for walking noise.In addition, due account has been taken of the different frequency content at higher frequencies of impact noises other than those made by walking males, such as those made by walking females, jumping children, the moving of furniture, etc.     

定向凝固过程中枝晶侧向分枝生长行为与强制调控规律

采用相场法数值模拟研究了定向凝固过程中随机噪声条件下枝晶侧向分枝生成行为与强制扰动条件下侧向分枝调控规律. 模拟结果表明: 随机噪声条件下, 侧向分枝整体上并无规则性, 但产生频率存在一定分布范围, 且在一定时间段内会出现生成频率一致且具有极强相关性的一组侧向分枝, 即波包; 不同波包之间不具有相关性, 但不同波包内部的侧枝生成频率基本相同, 且与侧枝整体频谱曲线峰值位置处的频率基本相当; 强制周期扰动条件下, 当扰动频率处于侧向分枝整体生成频率范围内时, 可激发枝晶产生规则侧向分枝, 且扰动频率与波包内侧枝生成频率一致时侧向分枝最发达. 研究结果可为向定向凝固枝晶形态的调控提供理论指导.     

Noise-induced dynamics in a delayed bistable system with correlated noises

The resonance behaviors, such as coherence resonance and stochastic resonance, are studied in a delayed bistable system subject to correlated noises and a weak harmonic excitation. For weak noise intensities and small feedback gains, the analytic expressions of output spectrum and linear spectrum amplification are derived based on the theory proposed by Tsimring [14] [L.S. Tsimring, A. Pikovsky, Noise-induced dynamics in bistable systems with delay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 250602]. The results show that the peak in the output spectrum at the frequency corresponding to the time delay attains the maximum for an intermediate amount of noise intensity and the coherence resonance appears. The correlation between noises can induce the suppression and the stochastic resonance in the curve of spectrum amplification, which is absent for the case of uncorrelated additive and multiplicative noises. Moreover, the system also exhibits the frequency stochastic resonance.     

Investigation of ferroelectric phase transitions of water in nanoporous silicates in simultaneous electrical noise and calorimetric measurements

The phase transitions of water in the nanoporous silicate materials SBA-15 and MCM-41 with an ordered system of cylindrical pores have been investigated. Measurements of low-frequency electrical noises (Barkhausen noises) in the frequency range of 1–100 Hz have been performed simultaneously with relative calorimetric measurements. It has been found that the voltage of electrical fluctuations increases approximately 100 times in the temperature range from ?30 to ?50°C, which is associated with the first-order and second-order ferroelectric phase transitions. It has been assumed that the ferroelectric ice XI can be formed in capillary pores of the materials under investigations.     

噪声交叉关联强度的时间周期调制对线性过阻尼系统的随机共振的影响

针对由加性、乘性噪声和周期信号共同作用的线性过阻尼系统, 在噪声交叉关联强度受到时间周期调制的情况下,利用随机平均法推导了系统响应的信噪比的解析表达式. 研究发现这类系统比噪声间互不相关或噪声交叉关联强度为常数的线性系统具有更丰富的动力学特性, 系统响应的信噪比随交叉关联调制频率的变化出现周期振荡型随机共振, 噪声的交叉关联参数导致随机共振现象的多样化.噪声交叉关联强度的时间周期调制的引入有利于提高对微弱周期信号检测的灵敏度和实现对周期信号的频率估计. 关键词： 随机共振 周期振荡型共振 噪声交叉关联强度 信噪比     

用信号处理技术及传播理论还原雷声频谱

以往关于雷声的研究都限于观测点雷声频域范围的探讨, 由于噪音和衰减因素的影响, 观测点的雷声频谱有很大失真. 针对在兰州地区观测的一次雷暴过程中的雷声信号, 利用数字信号处理技术,由观测点处的雷声音频信号得到频率谱,并对雷声频谱进行噪音分析; 然后结合声音在大气中传播的衰减理论, 分析了不同大气环境对声吸收的影响, 并推算出了声源附近的雷声频率谱. 关键词： 雷声频谱 信号处理 传播理论 峰值频率     

Stochastic resonance in single-mode semiconductor lasers

Owing to the considerable virtues of semiconductor lasers for applications, they have become the main optical source for fiber communication systems recently. The behavior of stochastic resonance (SR) in direct-modulated semiconductor laser systems is investigated in this article. Considering the carrier and photon noises and the cross-correlation between the two noises, the power spectrum of the photon density and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the modulated laser system were calculated using the linear approximation method. We found that the SR always appears in the dependence of the SNR upon the bias current density, and is strongly affected by the cross-correlation coefficient of the carrier and photon noises, the frequency of modulation signal and the photon lifetime in the laser cavity. Hence, it is promising to use the SR mechanism to enhance the SNR of direct-modulated semiconductor laser systems and improve the quality of optical communication.     

偏置调幅波调制噪声的单模激光随机共振

采用偏置信号的调幅波调制抽运噪声的单模激光增益模型，用线性化近似方法计算了以e指数形式关联的两色噪声驱动下光强的功率谱及信噪比.结果表明，信噪比随着噪声强度的变化、抽运噪声自关联时间的变化、激光系统参数的变化、载波频率及信号频率的变化均存在随机共振现象. 关键词： 抽运噪声 单模激光 随机共振 调幅波     

Influences of quantum noises on direct-modulated properties of 1.3-μm InGaAsP/InP laser diodes

Due to the zero dispersion point at 1.3μm in optical fibres, 1.3-μm InGaAsP/InP laser diodes have become main light sources in fibre communication systems recently. Influences of quantum noises on direct-modulated properties of single-mode 1.3-μm InGaAsP/InP laser diodes are investigated in this article. Considering the carrier and photon noises and the cross-correlation between the two noises, the power spectrum of the photon density and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the direct-modulated single-mode laser system are calculated using the linear approximation method. We find that the stochastic resonance (SR) always appears in the dependence of the SNR on the bias current density, and is strongly affected by the cross-correlation coefficient between the carrier and photon noises, the frequency of modulation signal, and the photon lifetime in the laser cavity. Hence, it is promising to use the SR mechanism to enhance the SNR of direct-modulated InGaAsP/InP laser diodes and improve the quality of optical fibre communication systems.