狭叶薰衣草和齿叶薰衣草的红外光谱对比分析

本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分别对狭叶薰衣草和齿叶薰衣草的红外光谱进行了对比分析研究。结果表明二者之间的红外吸收峰大体相似,都含有多糖、氨基酸、甙类、醇类物质,但在峰位和相对强度上有一定差别,其中衣草花中含有较多含氧萜类和酯类化合物。狭叶和齿叶薰衣草之间的差异可通过红外光谱对比分析准确地反映出它们各自的特征,能够为不同品种薰衣草的开发利用提供科学依据。     

FTIR光谱结合系统聚类分析鉴别松茸和姬松茸的研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术研究了松茸和姬松茸子实体,结果显示它们的傅里叶变换红外光谱主要由蛋白质和多糖的吸收带组成。对比它们的光谱发现,两者的特征吸收峰频率位置基本一致,只是在峰形上存在一定差异。利用差谱技术发现它们的红外光谱差异主要来自于1750~1000 cm-1范围内。为了快速准确的区分松茸和姬松茸的光谱,选取1750~1000 cm-1范围内的吸收带进行系统聚类分析。结果显示,系统聚类分析能准确的把松茸和姬松茸的光谱各自聚为一类,达到鉴别它们的目的。研究表明,傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合系统聚类分析可以发展为一种快速鉴别食用菌的方法。     

药用植物虎掌与魔芋的红外光谱对比分析

本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法分别对虎掌和魔芋的根、茎、叶的红外光谱进行了对比研究。通过对红外光谱的比较, 发现它们的吸收峰大体相同, 说明具有相似的化学成分, 如氨基酸、苷类物质、糖类和酮类等。但是其吸收峰的位置和强度存在一定的差异, 表明两种物质的特征和药效可能存在不同。     

山东肿足蕨的红外光谱分析

本文首次利用傅里叶红外光谱法对山东肿足蕨不同部位和全草的红外光谱进行了对比分析。分析表明, 同株山东肿足蕨不同部位的红外光谱中, 它们吸收峰的峰形、峰位大体相同, 但由于它们化学成分和相对含量出现差异, 红外光谱的峰形、峰位和峰相对强度存在差异。文中还根据各种化学键和官能团振动所引起的吸收峰形状和范围, 判断推理出山东肿足蕨中所含的化学成分。山东肿足蕨的红外光谱分析, 为道地药材山东肿足蕨的开发应用提供了科学依据。     

基于FTIR的苔藓植物表征关系除趋势对应分析

苔藓植物是一类重要高等植物。但是,苔藓植物体型小,可供鉴别性状少。应用OMNI采样器-傅里叶变换红外光谱直接测定法鉴别植物样品具有简便、快速和准确的优点。应用傅里叶变换红外光谱直接测定法测定了苔藓植物26种30个样品的红外光谱,以波数-吸光度为指标来表征吸收峰,以红外光谱图为对象,应用除趋势对应分析(Detrended Correspondence Analysis, DCA)比较了30个样品在红外光谱图上的差异程度。结果发现,基于傅里叶变换红外光谱的除趋势对应分析反映出苔藓植物红外光谱的差异与它们分类关系有较好的对应性。因此,应用傅里叶变换红外光谱直接测定法能够鉴别药用苔藓植物。     

不同产地黑木耳的傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴别

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究了五种不同产地的黑木耳。结果显示,它们的红外光谱主要由蛋白质、脂类化合物及多糖的振动吸收谱带组成。五个样品的傅里叶变红外光谱整体上十分相似,因此分别选取1750~1500cm-1和1200~1000cm-1范围内的傅里叶变换红外光谱进行相关性分析。结果显示,不同产地的黑木耳在1750~1500cm-1范围内相关性较好,光谱的相关系数分布在0.895~0.994。五个样品在1200~1000cm-1范围内的相关系数分布在0.441~0.981,东北地区产的黑木耳与西南地区产的黑木耳的光谱图有明显区别。利用1200~1000cm-1范围内的差异并结合其它吸收峰的特征可鉴别出不同产地的黑木耳。研究结果表明傅里叶变换红外光谱在鉴别菌类方面具有方便、快速等优点。     

两种具有相同药效蕨类植物的红外光谱分析

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测定了蕨和凤尾蕨的叶、茎和根的红外光谱图,分析比较了两个样品的叶、茎和根在红外光谱图上的差异程度,结果表明,尽管它们的药效均有清热利湿,消肿解毒等功效,但由于它们所含的化学成分不同和相对含量的差异,其红外光谱的吸收峰的位置和强度均有不同.通过对红外光谱图的主要特征峰的峰位、峰强的分析,推断出它们可能含有氨基酸、淀粉、少量鞣质等物质,由相应吸收峰的强度比推断出它们的叶均含有大量氨基酸、它们的根富含淀粉.此结果,对常用药用蕨类植物开发利用提供了科学的依据.     

FTIR结合主成分聚类用于伽师瓜籽品种的鉴别

采用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)法测定了3个不同品种的伽师瓜种子的傅里叶变换红外光谱,采用主成分和聚类方法进行数据分析,比较了不同品种伽师瓜种子之间的差异程度.结果表明:基于傅里叶变换红外光谱的主成分和聚类分析在反映不同品种植物种子化学组成差异程度上具有应用价值.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱鉴别红黄秃马勃和橙黄硬皮马勃

为了鉴别红黄秃马勃和橙黄硬皮马勃,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术获得了它们孢子的光谱,测试结果显示两种马勃孢子的傅里叶变换红外光谱有明显差别。在亚甲基的非对称振动和对称振动吸收峰上,两者的相对吸收强度差异较为明显。1742cm-1和1707cm-1附近羰基的吸收峰反映出红黄秃马勃孢子含有一定量的脂类物质,而橙黄硬皮马勃孢子未含有。多糖红外光谱吸收带的相对强度反映出橙黄硬皮马勃孢子的多糖含量比红黄秃马勃孢子高。研究表明,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱能准确的鉴别出橙黄硬皮马勃孢子和红黄秃马勃孢子,并能定性分析它们的药用价值。     

用傅里叶变换红外光谱显微技术鉴定纸张圆珠笔字迹及书写时间

本文运用傅里叶变换红外光谱显微技术,测定了不同圆珠笔在不同纸张上书写字迹油墨的红外光谱,比较了零时间测定和三个月测定的约外光谱,结果表明,不同品牌的圆珠笔字迹的红外光谱是不同的,零时测定和三个月测定的红外光谱也是不同的,讨论了影响书写时间鉴定的因素。     

反式和顺式-1,2-二氰-(4-乙基苯)乙烯结构的谱学分析

合成了2种新型的可溶性四氮杂卟啉中间体:反式-1,2-二氰-(4-乙基苯)乙烯和顺式-1,2-二氰-(4-乙基苯)乙烯.通过UV-Vis,FTIR,GC/MS,1H NMR等方法对这2种化合物的结构进行了表征,给出了它们完整的结构信息.分析比较了顺、反异构体结构上的差异,分析两者的紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振光谱(1H NMR)谱图的差异及其产生原因.     

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法鉴定小麦品种

利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱法分析了8个不同小麦品种根部的红外光谱图,对红外光谱图的吸收峰进行了归属分析,通过对各谱图的比对发现,在相同波数范围内,不同的小麦品种其红外谱图的形状、波数及吸收峰的多少有所不同。结果表明不同小麦品种的红外光谱图有明显的差异,其一在2800～2980cm-1波数范围内,此区反映的主要是甲基、亚甲基的伸缩振动,化合物分子链的长短、分子量的大小在此区有显现;其二差别较大的区域在1510～1730cm-1范围内,它反映的主要是酰胺的氮原子及α碳原子取代基的性质,可能是源于基因的差异,此区域内谱图差异较大。因此FTIR光谱法可用于不同小麦品种的鉴别。     

Individual differences in external-ear transfer functions of cats

Knowledge of the direction-dependent filter characteristics of the external ears is useful for the study of spatial hearing in experimental animals. The present study examined individual differences in the directional components of external-ear transfer functions (directional transfer functions, DTFs) among 24 anesthetized cats. Ears were fixed in a frontal position. Inter-cat differences in DTFs were quantified across a mid-frequency range from 8 to 16 kHz and across 30 locations in the horizontal plane and vertical midline. Across cats, DTFs showed similar direction dependence, but tended to differ in regard to the center frequencies of spectral features, such as spectral peaks and notches. Certain mid-frequency notches, for instance, varied in frequency across cats by nearly a factor of 2. Scaling of DTFs in frequency could reduce the overall differences between pairs of cats. Scale factors that minimized inter-cat differences ranged as high as 1.57 and correlated moderately with cats' body weights. Nevertheless, appreciable individual differences remained after frequency scaling. Inter-cat differences in DTFs were substantially larger than differences that resulted from variability in positioning the ears. The results suggest some guidelines regarding the conditions under which it is acceptable to apply DTF measurements from one cat to another.     

Pharmacokinetics of gadoversetamide injection, a gadolinium-based contrast agent, in pediatric patients

Objective

The pharmacokinetics of gadoversetamide were examined in pediatric patients scheduled to undergo contrast-enhanced MRI of the central nervous system.

Materials and Methods

One hundred patients received an intravenous injection of gadoversetamide at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg for a contrast-enhanced MRI procedure. A subpopulation of 30 patients were enrolled to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of gadoversetamide in patients 2–11 and 12–18 years of age. Serial blood and urine samples were collected before and after the administration of gadoversetamide.

Results

The terminal half-life, initial concentration and area under the curve assessments for gadoversetamide showed no significant (P>.05) differences between the age groups or the sexes. Although no sex-related differences occurred in the volume of distribution or clearance, significant (P<.05) age-related differences were found, but once corrected for body mass or surface area the differences were no longer significant.

Conclusions

The pharmacokinetic behavior of gadoversetamide was not significantly altered by differences in age or sex in pediatric patients from 2 to 18 years of age. Although significant differences in volumes of distribution, and clearance occurred between the age groups, these differences appeared to depend on body size rather than on age in pediatric patients between 2 and 18 years of age.     

Tactile information transfer: a comparison of two stimulation sites

Two experiments on the discrimination of time-varying tactile stimuli were performed, with comparison of stimulus delivery to the distal pad of the right index finger and to the right wrist (palmar surface). Subjects were required to perceive differences in short sequences of computer-generated stimulus elements (experiment 1) or differences in short tactile stimuli derived from a speech signal (experiment 2). The pulse-train stimuli were distinguished by differences in frequency (i.e., pulse repetition rate) and amplitude, and by the presence/absence of gaps (approximately 100-ms duration). Stimulation levels were 10 dB higher at the wrist than at the fingertip, to compensate for the lower vibration sensitivity at the wrist. Results indicate similar gap detection at wrist and fingertip and similar perception of frequency differences. However, perception of amplitude differences was found to be better at the wrist than at the fingertip. Maximum information transfer rates for the stimuli in experiment 1 were estimated at 7 bits s(-1) at the wrist and 5 bits s(-1) at the fingertip.     

基于红外热成像与形式概念分析的面瘫病情客观评估方法

面部神经功能障碍导致面瘫患者患侧面部肌肉运动功能失控,给患者的外貌、生理和情感带来巨大的打击。一种客观量化的面瘫病情严重度评估方法对于面瘫的治疗是至关重要的。提出了一种基于红外热像图和形式概念分析的面瘫严重度评估新方法,共收录了单侧患病的面瘫患者65例。应用红外热成像法,在1月内每隔5天采集一次面瘫患者的面部温度分布图像,将面部红外热像进行预处理,划分为左右对称的六个区域,提取并分析面部左右两侧对称区域的温差,利用形式概念分析挖掘温差与面瘫严重度的关系。结果显示：面瘫患者面部温度分布呈现双侧不对称性,面部区域的双侧温差大于0.2 ℃,而正常人体面部区域的两侧温差均小于0.2 ℃。面部区域的双测温差与面瘫严重度的相关系数平均为0.508。此外,如其中一个区域的左右两侧温差大于0.2 ℃,并且全部小于0.5 ℃,则可以判定面瘫为轻中度;面部任一区域的左右两侧温差大于0.5 ℃,则可以判定面瘫为重度。这种基于形式概念分析的红外热像计算机分析方法可用于评估面瘫导致的面部热失调,有助于面瘫的临床诊断与治理。     

Charge radii and quadrupole-deformation parameters of high-spin isomers

Experimental data on the differences of charge radii of nuclei in the ground and high-spin isomeric states are surveyed. High-resolution laser-spectroscopy methods were used for measurements. The results obtained for the differences of these radii by two methods—from measurements of isomeric shifts of the levels of atoms containing the nuclei being studied and from measurements of their quadrupole moments in both states under the assumption that the differences of the radii are determined by the difference in their quadrupole deformations—were compared. Two-particle isomers in odd—odd nuclei, isomers formed upon the break of one or several nucleon pairs, and isomers featuring the 1i _13/2 configuration of the odd neutron in mercury nuclei were considered. The observed distinctions between the aforementioned differences of charged radii are discussed for isomeric states of different nature.     

一种干红葡萄酒的光谱指纹图谱分析方法

采用数据可视化技术开发一种干红葡萄酒的光谱指纹图谱,用于不同类别干红葡萄酒的鉴别。实验采集我国河北沙城和昌黎两个产区的干红葡萄酒样品,酒样在酿造年份、品种和陈酿方式上有差异。葡萄酒样品经反相C₁₈柱分馏得到9个馏分,低压旋转浓缩至干后,再用与分馏样品等量的模拟酒溶解。随后,葡萄酒及其分馏样品经UV-Visible分析,收集190～1 100 nm波段的光谱吸收值,利用可视化技术处理数据得到供试酒样的光谱指纹图谱。最后,采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD),在指纹图谱差异明显的波段选择检测波长,定性分析葡萄酒和馏分中的单体酚及其衍生物。结果显示,供试干红葡萄酒样品光谱特征的差异在190～600 nm。不同品种干红葡萄酒的光谱数据可视化结果差异不大,但不同年份酒样有明显的区别,主要集中在520 nm的波段,不同产地葡萄酒的差异主要体现在F₈馏分上,不同陈酿方式葡萄酒的可视化特征几乎涵盖整个可视化波段。HPLC-DAD在280,313,365和520 nm波长下定性分析结果揭示了对光谱指纹图谱的特征有影响的单体酚及其衍生物。研究结果表明,采用可视化技术设计的葡萄酒光谱指纹图谱可以区分不同年份、产地和陈酿方式的干红葡萄酒产品。     

应用FTIR直接测定法鉴定大豆的品种

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)法测定了8个不同大豆品种的子叶及外表皮的红外光谱,对他们的红外光谱进行了分析,并对其吸收峰进行了归属。通过对各谱图的比较分析发现,不同的大豆品种的红外吸收峰形及峰强有所区别。结果表明： 不同的大豆品种的FTIR有明显的差别,特别是1 800～1 200 cm-1范围内有较大的差异,它反映的主要是蛋白质分子的酰胺Ⅰ带及酰胺Ⅱ带附近,这可能是源于基因的差异。因此FTIR法可用于不同大豆品种的鉴别。     

Influence of smoking on the elemental composition of oral fluids: a TXRF approach

This work presents a study of elemental composition (major, minor and trace elements) of oral fluids such as saliva and gingival crevice fluid, and their relation with smoking. Spectrochemical analyses were accomplished by the total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) method using synchrotron radiation. Smoking habit is a well‐known factor of risk that can trigger the development of periodontal diseases. The presence of certain elements and their correlation with smoking could be used to predict the development of oral affections, i.e. gingivitis. Two set of patients, smokers and non‐smokers, were selected according to certain criteria to analyze saliva and gingival crevice fluid. The elemental concentrations were measured, and the differences between their mean values of both groups were determined. The results reveal significant differences in the elemental concentrations of saliva. On the other hand, the mean values of elemental concentrations in gingival crevice fluid show fewer differences between both groups. The most significant differences in concentration between smokers and non‐smokers were found in saliva samples for S, K and Ca. In addition, a significant difference in the concentration of Cl in gingival crevice fluid was observed between both groups. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.