四苯基卟啉类化合物电子光谱和三阶非线性光学性质的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31+G~*水平计算四个5,10,15,20-四苯基卟啉类化合物的电子光谱和三阶非线性光学性质.结果表明,电子的最大吸收波长在580nm左右,属于可见光区,源于卟啉内HOMO到LUMO的π→π*的电子跃迁.供电子基团的引入将增加电子云密度,致使三阶非线性光学性质增大.吸电子基的引入使卟啉环上的电子云密度减小,导致三阶非线性光学性质减小.含双键或三键的吸电子基团使电子云密度增大,致使三阶非线性光学性质增大.     

取代基对卟啉类化合物三阶非线性光学特性的影响

主要采用吸收光谱、荧光光谱和皮秒Z-扫描等实验方法研究了三种不同取代基的卟啉化合物5,10,15,20-四对羟基苯基卟啉[T(4-HP)P]、5,10,15,20-四对酯基苯基卟啉[T(4-EP)P]和5,10,15,20-四对溴苯基卟啉[T(4-BrP)P]的光学及非线性光学性质,并从离域电子共轭结构理论和共振、非共振增强理论进行了分析。结果表明,强给电子基团取代的T(4-HP)P的吸收和荧光发射带比弱给电子基团取代的T(4-EP)P及吸电子基团取代的T(4-BrP)P有明显红移;三种样品均具有正的三阶非线性极化率χ(3),强的给电子能力和共振增强使得T(4-HP)P的三阶极化率比T(4-BrP)P增强了近两个量级,并在532 nm光激发时,χ(3)具有最大值6.81×10-10esu。     

噻二唑衍生物分子的电子光谱与三阶非线性光学性质

含噻二唑环偶氮类芳香有机化合物具有良好的有机非线性光学性能.采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和6-311++G(d,p)基组对6个噻二唑衍生物分子进行结构优化与频率计算,运用含时密度泛函理论对其吸收光谱进行理论计算,采用有限场方法及自编程序计算其三阶非线性光学性质(NLO).结果表明,6个分子的吸收波长在361~383nm范围内,属于近紫外区.组成噻二唑衍生物分子的羟基苯环与噻二唑环均不共面,-CH3或Cl引入到羟基苯环的邻、间、对位后,其共面程度与三阶NLO系数γ均按邻、间、对位取代递减.同一位置,引入-CH3比引入Cl原子的三阶NLO系数γ大.因此,在羟基苯环的邻位引入较强的供电子基,可以设计成为良好的三阶非线性光学材料.     

C60醛类衍生物非线性光学特性研究

研究了加合不同取代基团的C60醛类衍生物的光学非线性性质。利用简并四波混频（DFMW）方法获得了C60醛类各衍生物的三阶光学非线性超级化率γ^(3)及相应的三阶光学非线性系数χ^(3)值。同时也研究了它们各自的光限幅特性。结果表明：不同的取代基对C60醛类衍生物三阶光学非线性及光限幅特性的影响不同。     

Y型均三嗪类衍生物三阶非线性光学性质研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31+G*方法对含Y型均三嗪类衍生物的6个分子(Y1-Y6)进行几何构型优化,对其最优构型采用TD-DFT (TDB3 LYP/6-31+G*)计算电子吸收光谱,用有限场FF方法及自编程序计算三阶非线性光学(NLO)性质.结果表明,6个含Y型均三嗪类有机分子的三阶非线性光学系数γ值为1010数量级个原子单位(10-30 esu),显示出良好的三阶非线性光学性能.在其三支链的末端引入不同的推、拉电子基团(Y2→Y6),对其电子光谱和三阶非线性光学响应具有明显的影响.引入强供电子基团,γ增大幅度较大,有利于改善体系的三阶非线性光学性质,从而可获得良好的非线性光学材料.     

Y型均三嗪类衍生物三阶非线性光学性质研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31+G*方法对含Y型均三嗪类衍生物的6个分子(Y1-Y6)进行几何构型优化,对其最优构型采用TD-DFT(TDB3LYP/6-31+G*)计算电子吸收光谱,用有限场FF方法及自编程序计算三阶非线性光学（NLO）性质。结果表明,6个含Y型均三嗪类有机分子的三阶非线性光学系数g值为1010数量级个原子单位(10-30 esu),显示出良好的三阶非线性光学性能。在其三支链的末端引入不同的推、拉电子基团（Y2→Y6）,对其电子光谱和三阶非线性光学响应具有明显的影响。引入强供电子基团,g增大幅度较大,有利于改善体系的三阶非线性光学性质,从而可获得良好的非线性光学材料。     

DFT研究给/吸电子取代基对D-π-A型苯并噻唑衍生物光电性质及非线性光学性质的影响

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法计算了苯并噻唑及其三种D-π-A型衍生物的电子结构、电子光谱及重组能,同时结合有限场(FF)方法计算了它们的二阶非线性光学系数βtol值,从而探索取代基与分子的电荷分布、电子光谱及非线性光学性质的关系.计算结果显示,在母体分子的2,5位同时引入给/吸电子基团,2位碳原子的电荷布居发生较大变化,且分子的HOMO能级升高,LUMO能级降低,能隙减小,吸收和发射光谱发生显著的红移,增大了二阶非线性光学系数βtol.随着取代基吸电子能力的增强,分子的电子重组能逐渐变大,而空穴重组能的变化却不大,同时分子的偶极矩有所增加,有利于产生二阶非线性光学活性.     

DFT研究给/吸电子取代基对D-π-A型苯并噻唑衍生物光电性质及非线性光学性质的影响

采用密度泛函理论(DFT) B3LYP方法计算了苯并噻唑及其三种D-π-A型衍生物的电子结构、电子光谱及重组能,同时结合有限场(FF)方法计算了它们的二阶非线性光学系数βtol值,从而探索取代基与分子的电荷分布、电子光谱及非线性光学性质的关系。计算结果显示,在母体分子的2,5位同时引入给/吸电子基团,2位碳原子的电荷布居发生较大变化,且分子的HOMO能级升高,LUMO能级降低,能隙减小,吸收和发射光谱发生显著的红移,增大了二阶非线性光学系数βtol。随着取代基吸电子能力的增强,分子的电子重组能逐渐变大,而空穴重组能的变化却不大,同时分子的偶极矩有所增加,有利于产生二阶非线性光学活性。     

p-HPcCo和p-HPcZn的非线性光学性质研究

采用皮秒Z-扫描技术研究了两种不同中心金属取代的酞菁配合物2,9,16,23-四-(对羧基苯氧基)酞菁钴(p-HPcCo)和2,9,16,23-四-(对羧基苯氧基)酞菁锌(p-HPcZn)的非线性光学性质,并从离域电子共轭结构理论和共振、非共振增强理论进行了分析.结果表明:吸电子能力强的金属离子Zn2+ 取代的p-HPcZn的吸收带相对于Co2+ 取代的p-HPcCo略有红移|两种样品均具有正的三阶非线性极化率,共振增强使得p-HPcZn和p-HPcCo的三阶非线性极化率在532 nm条件下比1 064 nm条件下增强了近两个量级,中心金属离子强的吸电子能力使得p-HPcZn的三阶非线性极化率大于p-HPcCo,并在532 nm激发时,χ(3) 具有最大值1.76×10-10 esu.     

p-HPcCo和p-HPcZn的非线性光学性质研究

采用皮秒Z-扫描技术研究了两种不同中心金属取代的酞菁配合物2,9,16,23-四-(对羧基苯氧基)酞菁钴(p-HPcCo)和2,9,16,23-四-(对羧基苯氧基)酞菁锌(p-HPcZn)的非线性光学性质,并从离域电子共轭结构理论和共振、非共振增强理论进行了分析.结果表明:吸电子能力强的金属离子Zn2+取代的p-HPcZn的吸收带相对于Co2+取代的p-HPcCo略有红移;两种样品均具有正的三阶非线性极化率,共振增强使得p-HPcZn和p-HPcCo的三阶非线性极化率在532nm条件下比1064nm条件下增强了近两个量级,中心金属离子强的吸电子能力使得p-HPcZn的三阶非线性极化率大于p-HPcCo,并在532nm激发时,χ(3)具有最大值1.76×10-10esu.     

Intensity Behaviour of the Long Wavelength UV Transition of the Pyridine Chromophore Under Substitution in the Para Position to the Nitrogen Atom

When pyridine is para substituted to the nitrogen atom, the intensity of the long wavelength electronic transition is strongly decreased compared to the ortho and meta derivatives. N belonging to the ring, plays the part of a donating center when a strong electron withdrawing substituent is in the para position, and the part of an attracting center when faced to a donating substituent. the local transition moment vector of N, is in both cases opposed to the vector of the substituent. Furthermore, the π HOMO is priviledged (instead of the two highest π MO in benzene), and this HOMO does not allow a strong interaction with the substituent in the para position.     

苯丙氨酸桥联金属双卟啉的诱导圆二色光谱研究

本文报道了邻位和对位桥联苯丙氨酸锌双卟啉的合成，考查了双卟啉的分子结构对诱导圆二色性的影响。结果表明，两个卟啉环之间的π－π堆积和手性激子偶合作用是影响此类双卟啉圆二色光谱的主要因素。     

Influence of Substituent and Solvent on the Radiative Process of Singlet Excited States of Novel Cyclic Azacyanine Derivatives

The photophysical properties of novel cyclic azacyanine derivatives have been investigated in acetonitrile, N-butyronitrile, methanol, ethanol, DMF and water. Introduction of electron donating or accepting groups on the cyclic azacyanine has a direct impact on the spectroscopic and photophysical properties. Irrespective of the nature of the substitution, azacyanine shows a general solvent relaxation in accordance with Lippert-Mataga’s prediction; however, in protic solvent, specific interactions are encountered. Fluorescence lifetime decay suggests a relaxation in the nanosecond time scale with monoexponential decay in polar solvents and biexponential decay in non polar solvents. The fluorescence lifetime of azacyanines are found to be longer than popular cy3 dyes. An electron donating substituent increases the fluorescence lifetime and influences the radiative process, whereas an electron withdrawing group marginally increases the excited state lifetime but remarkably enhances the radiative process. The fluorescence quantum yield of substituted cyclic azacyanine in water is noted to be at least five fold higher than the popular cy3 dye.     

Substituent Dependent Optical Properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-phenyl Substituted ethenyl-<Emphasis Type="Italic">E</Emphasis>-thiophenes

Various electron donor and acceptor substituted (NO₂, CN, Cl, H, OCH₃, NH₂) p-phenyl ethenyl-E- thiophenes (1–6) were synthesized and substituent dependent optical properties (dipole moment, transition dipole moment, oscillator strength, optical band gap, hyperpolarizability) were studied using Solvatochromism and Density functional theory. It is shown that thiophene acts as a weak electron donor in presence of an electron withdrawing p-phenyl substituent (NO₂, CN, Cl), whereas thiophene acts as a weak electron acceptor in presence of an electron donating p-phenyl substituent (OCH₃, NH₂). In comparison to ethenyl thiophene 4, the HOMO-LUMO energy band gap is decreased upon increasing the electron donating or electron withdrawing capacity of p-phenyl substituent. From the excited state dipole moment calculation, it is shown that the excited state is highly dipolar for nitro and amino compounds 1 and 6, whereas compounds 2–5 show a non-polar excited state. As compared to the ethenyl thiophene 4, the first hyperpolarizability (β) increases upon substitution either with a strong electron withdrawing or strong electron donating p-phenyl substituent. A large β value is found for p-nitro phenyl ethenyl-E-thiophene and p-amino phenyl ethenyl-E- thiophene. Overall, these studies provide useful information in understanding the optical properties of phenyl and heterocyclic based ethenyl systems.     

The influence of electronic and structural factors on the photoinduced electron transfer in sterically strained <Emphasis Type="Italic">meso</Emphasis>-nitrophenyl-substituted porphyrins

The electronic and structural factors affecting the efficiency of the photoinduced electron transfer in meso-nitrophenyl-substituted octaethylporphyrins are theoretically analyzed by semiempirical methods of quantum chemistry. It is shown that the experimental differences between the rate constants of electron transfer associated with the change in the position of the nitro group in the meso-phenyl ring (ortho, meta, or para positions) are determined by such factors as torsional vibrations of the phenyl ring around the single C₁-C_m bond, electronic properties of the phenyl group, rotations of the nitro group around the single C-N bond, and out-ofplane deformations of the porphyrin macrocycle. It is ascertained that the matrix elements of electronic interactions and the energies of excited charge-transfer states depend substantially both on the position of the nitro group in the meso-phenyl ring and on intramolecular vibrations of the phenyl and the nitro groups. In nonpolar media, the fluorescence quenching in the compounds under study occurs mainly due to the admixture of chargetransfer excitations to the lowest S ₁ state of porphyrin. Upon increasing polarity, the main channel of deactivation of excited singlet states is direct photoinduced electron transfer either through space (the ortho position) or through a bond involving the participation of orbitals of the phenyl spacer (the meta and para positions).     

Multifrequency TREPR Investigation of Excited-State ZnTPP/Nitroxide Radical Complexes

Multiple-frequency (X-band and W-band) time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of Zn-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) triplet states coordinated to two different stable nitroxide moieties are presented and discussed. The position of the pyrimidyl nitroxide relative to the ZnTPP plane is the only structural change made between the two complexes, from ortho to para. This changes the angle between the interacting orbitals of the three-spin system with only a minor change in the distance between the unpaired electron of the nitroxide and the TPP ring system. Changes in the electron spin polarization patterns at the two different frequencies of observation are discussed in terms of a radical?Ctriplet pair spin-state mixing model, including the intersystem crossing processes. It is determined that the inclusion of an additional spin-selective relaxation process to the computational model for the spectral shapes gives adequate reproduction of the experimental results using the same parameters at each frequency.     

Substituent effects on the ring‐opening mechanism of gem‐dibromospiropentanes to related allenes: a theoretical study

Density functional theory computations at B3LYP and X3LYP levels were performed for ring openings of substituted gem‐dibromospiropentanes (R = ―H, ―Cl, ―Br, ―CH₃, ―SiH₃, ―OH, ―OCH₃, ―CF₃, ―BF₂, and ―SH) to related allenes. The conversion of spiropentanoids 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h , 5i , 5j to the corresponding allenes 7a , 7b , 7c , 7d , 7e , 7f , 7g , 7h , 7i , 7j can proceed in both concerted and stepwise mechanism except for R = ―H. Both ring‐opening mechanisms have similar activation energy barriers to open the spiropentanylidene ring and generate the structure of allene at all theoretical levels used herein. Generally the π electron‐donating group (―OH or ―SH) decreases the activation barrier for the follow‐up reaction of 1‐bromo‐1‐lithiospiropentanoid and free spiropentanylidene. Hence, both bearing electron‐donating substituents are more reactive than those with electron‐withdrawing group, and the first one to open the ring to the LiBr–allene complex does so more readily than the second. The sEDA index used to measure sigma‐electron excess/deficiency of the cyclopropylidene ring is mutually correlated for the studied systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A 'meta effect' in the fragmentation reactions of ionised alkyl phenols and alkyl anisoles

The competition between benzylic cleavage (simple bond fission [SBF]) and retro-ene rearrangement (RER) from ionised ortho, meta and para RC(6) H(4) OH and RC(6) H(4) OCH(3) (R?=?n-C(3) H(7) , n-C(4) H(9) , n-C(5) H(11) , n-C(7) H(15) , n-C(9) H(19) , n-C(15) H(31) ) is examined. It is observed that the SBF/RER ratio is significantly influenced by the position of the substituent on the aromatic ring. As a rule, phenols and anisoles substituted by an alkyl group in meta position lead to more abundant methylene-2,4-cyclohexadiene cations (RER fragmentation) than their ortho and para homologues. This 'meta effect' is explained on the basis of energetic and kinetic of the two reaction channels. Quantum chemistry computations have been used to provide estimate of the thermochemistry associated with these two fragmentation routes. G3B3 calculation shows that a hydroxy or a methoxy group in the meta position destabilises the SBF and stabilises the RER product ions. Modelling of the SBF/RER intensities ratio has been performed assuming two single reaction rates for both fragmentation processes and computing them within the statistical RRKM formalism in the case of ortho, meta and para butyl phenols. It is clearly demonstrated that, combining thermochemistry and kinetics, the inequality (SBF/RER)(meta) 相似文献