采用氧合血红蛋白吸收带的漫反射光谱比率R（540）/R（575）检测浅表性膀胱癌

采用氧合血红蛋白在540和575 nm吸收带的漫反射光谱比率(R540/R575)对人浅表性膀胱癌进行了鉴别诊断,实验采用带积分球附件的分光光度计获取组织的漫反射光谱。结果表明:正常膀胱的粘膜/粘膜下层组织的漫反射光谱比率(R540/R575)在组织离体后2 h的平均值为111%,3 h的平均值为107%,4 h的平均值为104%,5 h的平均值为102%,而浅表性的膀胱癌的粘膜/粘膜下层组织的漫反射光谱比率(R540/R575)在组织离体后2 h的平均值为98.4%,3 h的平均值为95.5%,4 h的平均值为93.1%,5 h的平均值为91.6%,正常膀胱与浅表性膀胱癌的粘膜/粘膜下层组织在组织离体后2,3,4和5 h的漫反射光谱比率(R540/R575)均有显著性的差异(p<0.05),分别为12.6%,11.5%,10.9%和10.4%。这结论为快速、低成本、非入侵的浅表性膀胱癌的光活检提供了一种新的方法。     

基于光谱吸收靶标的成像光谱仪光谱定标方法研究

中心波长和带宽是影响成像光谱仪数据定量化应用水平的两个重要光谱性能参数。针对覆盖光谱范围较窄的可见光与近红外波段成像光谱仪,提出了一种利用人工光谱吸收靶标进行光谱定标的方法,论证和建立光谱吸收靶标光谱定标方法的数学模型。在同一环境下利用成像光谱仪和ASD光谱仪对地面光谱吸收靶标进行准同步光谱测量,并进行反射率计算,然后通过光谱匹配计算中心波长偏移量和带宽变化量。利用该方法对设计带宽为6 nm的可见光与近红外波段的成像光谱仪进行了地面定标实验。实验结果表明,该方法能够作为外场光谱定标的辅助手段,提高成像光谱仪的定量化应用水平。     

V型高双折射光子晶体光纤超连续谱产生的实验研究

高非线性高双折射光子晶体光纤是超连续谱产生的最有效介质之一, 因此本文选取V型光子晶体光纤作为研究对象. 通过多极理论数值模拟的结果, 确定V型光纤具有高双折射、高非线性等特性. 通过实验手段, 发现入射光中心波长和光纤的双折射效应对产生的超连续谱有很大的影响: 当入射光波长处于光子晶体光纤大的反常色散区时, 脉冲相对展得比较宽, 长轴要比短轴方向的超连续谱更宽, 频谱成分更加丰富. 在同一波长下光偏振方向越接近45°时, 超连续谱谱宽范围越大. 随着入射脉冲功率的增加, 超连续谱展得越宽, 但是当功率比较大时会达到功率饱和. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 高双折射 多极理论 超连续谱     

Endoscopic Observation of Tissue by Narrowband Illumination

We propose a new illumination method for a medical endoscope: narrow band imaging (NBI), in which the spectral bandwidth of the filtered light is narrowed. To confirm how the spectral specifications of the filtered light influence a reproduced image, an experiment was conducted observing the endoscopic images of the back mucosa of a human tongue. In addition, the effect of NBI on endoscopic images was investigated through preliminary clinical tests in colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. It has been shown that NBI can enhance the capillary pattern and the crypt pattern on the mucosa. These patterns are useful features for diagnosing an early cancer.     

植物叶片可见与近红外光谱反射率数据库的建立与主成分分析

可见与近红外波段光谱反射率数据库是颜色科学与技术和遥感目标地物分类识别领域等研究与应用的基础数据。主成分分析(PCA)在光谱数据分析、光谱重建、高光谱数据降维以及遥感图像分类等方面有广泛应用。测量并建立了云南公园常见绿化植物柳树、樟、红花檵木、蓝花楹等48种植物150条叶片从可见光到近红外波段光谱反射率数据库,波长范围400～1 000 nm、间隔4 nm。并且分别对可见与可见到近红外两种波段范围进行PCA研究。结果表明：不同植物叶片按照红、绿、黄相同色相的光谱反射率曲线基本相似;但对于同一种植物,在可见光波段400～700 nm,因为体内叶绿素、叶黄素、叶红素和花青苷含量的不同,光谱反射率曲线有较大的差异;在近红外波段700～1 000 nm,所有植物叶片光谱反射率仅仅是大小不同,而同一植物光谱反射率基本不随波长变化。PCA分析表明：在可见光和可见与近红外波段前三个主成分的累积贡献率分别达到98.62%和94.97%。数据库及其PCA分析结果将为自然物体光谱重建、多光谱成像技术和遥感目标地物分类识别等领域应用提供支撑。     

光声内窥镜系统在人体直肠癌离体组织中的实验研究

研制了基于4阵列传感器的光声内窥镜探头,并基于此搭建了光声内窥镜成像系统,开展了仿体实验成像研究,通过内窥镜探头4个阵元位置激光吸收强度的变化情况来分析仿体中吸收体的位置,论证了其定位能力,利用光声内窥镜系统对人体离体的正常组织、直肠癌早期组织进行成像研究;通过对不同阵元位置的光吸收强度分布进行统计分析,证明了光声内窥镜对早期直肠癌组织和正常组织的辨别能力,此项技术有望提高直肠癌早期诊断的准确率,具有潜在的临床应用前景。     

温室番茄冠层和叶片光谱特征分析及营养诊断

通过温室基质栽培,利用ASD光谱仪和傅里叶光谱分析仪测量了四种营养水平下温室番茄冠层和叶片的光谱反射曲线,并检测了对应叶片的水分含量、叶绿素含量和氮含量,分析了不同营养水平下番茄冠层和叶片的反射光谱变化,并对番茄叶片含水量的敏感波长以及冠层反射光谱的红边波长进行了研究。结果表明:温室番茄冠层反射光谱曲线在可见光550nm左右均有叶绿素的强反射峰,近红外区反射率高于可见光区。在同一生长期,随基质营养水平的提高,番茄冠层反射率在可见光波段不断减小,在近红外波段不断增大,且红边波长位置出现"红移"现象。利用530和760nm特征波长得到的归一化颜色指标NDCI与叶片氮含量有较好相关性,R2为0.7511。     

Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis of the Interaction of Gaussian Evanescent Light with a Single Dielectric Sphere or Ordered Dielectric Spheres

The interaction of gaussian evanescent light with a single dielectric sphere or ordered dielectric spheres in an attenuated total reflection (ATR) geometry was analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain method. Various aspects of this interaction were investigated in terms of spatial visualizations of light intensity, reflectance vs. wavelength characteristics, the transient behavior of reflectances, and so forth. In the case of a single sphere, it was evident that the whispering gallery mode can be excited in ATR geometries, but such excitation cannot be easily confirmed only through the observation of wavelength-scanned ATR spectra. In the case of a closely packed two-dimensional array of dielectric spheres, it was found that an easy axis and also a difficult axis for light propagation exist.This paper was originally presented at the 5th International Conference on NEAR FIELD OPTICS and RELATED TECHNOLOGIES (NFO-5), which was held on December 6–10, 1998 at Coganoi Bay Hotel, Shirahama, Japan, in cooperation with the Japan Society of Applied Phisics and Mombusho Grantin Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas “Near-field Nano-optics” Project, sponsored by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.     

Transmission of light through a single rectangular hole

We show that a single rectangular hole in a metallic film exhibits transmission resonances that appear near the cutoff wavelength of the hole waveguide. For light polarized with the electric field pointing along the hole's short axis, it is shown that the normalized-to-area transmittance at resonance is proportional to the ratio between the long and short sides, and to the dielectric constant inside the hole. Importantly, this resonant transmission process is accompanied by a huge enhancement of the electric field at both entrance and exit interfaces of the hole.