Fabry－Perot干涉仪用于托卡马克等离子体氢氘比测量

本文在国内首次将Ｆａｂｒｙ—ｐｅｒｏｔ干涉仪用于托卡马克等离子体诊断。实验采用一台压电驱动式Ｆａｂｒｙ—ｐｅｒｏｔ干涉仪通过对Ｈ_α和Ｄ_α谱线轮廓的测量来推算等离子体的氢氘含量比，从而避免了在传统的氢氘比测量中因重复放电所引起的不准确性。     

悬浮型微波共振探针在电负性容性耦合等离子体中电子密度的测量

本文首先利用悬浮型微波共振探针测量了Ar等离子体的电子密度,并与朗缪尔双探针的测量结果进行了比较,表明了微波共振探针在低密度等离子体测量的可行性.对40.68 MHz单射频容性耦合Ar/SF₆和SF₆/O₂等离子体的测量结果表明:电负性气体SF₆掺入Ar等离子体显著降低了等离子体电子密度,但随着增加SF₆的流量,电子密度表现为缓慢下降;而O₂掺入SF₆等离子体中,电子密度则随着O₂流量的增加表现为持续的下降.另外,40.68 MHz/13.56 MHz双频激发的SF₆/O₂容性耦合离子体的电子密度并不随低频功率的变化而变化.本文对上述的实验现象进行了初步的解释.     

甚高频电容耦合氢等离子体特性研究

采用高H₂稀释的SiH₄等离子体放电, 特别是甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术是当前高速制备优质微晶硅薄膜的主流方法. 尽管在实验上取得了很大的突破, 但其沉积机理一直是研究的热点和难点. 本文通过建立二维时变的轴对称模型,在75 MHz放电频率下, 对与微晶硅沉积非常相关的甚高频电容耦合氢等离子体放电进行了数值模拟, 研究了沉积参数对等离子体特性的影响, 并与光发射谱(OES)在线监测结果进行了比较. 结果表明: 电子浓度 n_e在等离子体体层中间区域最大, 而电子温度 T_e及H_α与H_β的数密度在体层和鞘层界面附近取极大值; 当气压从1 Torr (1 Torr=133.322 Pa)增大至5 Torr时, 等离子体电势单调降低, 在体层中间区域 n_e先快速增大然后逐渐减小, T_e先下降后趋于稳定; 随着放电功率从30 W增大到70 W, 电子浓度 n_e及H_α与H_β的数密度均线性增大, 而电子温度 T_e基本保持不变; OES在线分析结果与模拟结果符合得很好.     

氢原子的X射线新谱系的实验观测及其解释

 引出氢（氘）气放电产生的射线和粒子流打在非晶聚氘乙烯C₂D₄和有机玻璃C₅H₈O₂等靶上,测得其散射谱上有多条尖锐的X谱线,其中除一条外都是（不经散射的）原始谱中没有的。经反复证认,这些谱线不是靶中元素（如C或O）和可能包含的杂质元素的特征X射线,也不是原始谱中X射线的衍射线,更不可能是低能电子的轫致辐射经吸收后形成的峰,认为该谱线很可能是前所未知的一类新的原子态的X射线新谱系的一部分。用曾提出的一个“小氢原子”理论模型予以解释,即认为氢（氘）气放电中产生了“小氢原子”,其（在基态）电子轨道半径约为普通氢原子的玻尔半径的1/274,该小氢原子能级之间的跃迁能够很好地解释所测到的X射线新谱系。     

低能区强耦合常数的测量

强耦合常数,α_s(s)是量子色动力学最重要的参数. 基于BES的R值测量结果, 分别利用精确到3圈和4圈的微扰QCD的计算, 测定了α_s(s)在2.0—3.7GeV能量范围的数值, 并推断了α_s(s)演化到Z⁰能标下的值α_s(M_z). 同时对在未来实验中R值测量精度的提高对α_s(s)的不确定性的减小作了定量的预言.     

用手征夸克孤子模型计算氘的性质

两夸克间的单介子交换张量势的作用,使氘的基态混有³D₁态.用手征夸克禁闭孤子模型,计算了氘的³S₁+³D₁基态的性质.     

γ跃迁多极混合比和内转换系数计算

简要地描述了,由实验测量某些一壳层内转换系数计算其多极混合比δ和K、L、M、N、O壳内转换系数α_K、α_L、α_M、α_N+O及总内转换系数α的方法.     

用离焦4f差分干涉仪测量等离子体壳层电子密度

 将环型横向剪切干涉仪置于两个镜头之间，由此设计出一种新型的离焦4f差分干涉仪，该干涉仪同时具有分离光路的剪切量和条纹空间频率分别可调的优点以及共光路结构的稳定性和易于调节的优点，使得在测量大密度梯度等离子体的密度分布时，可以在不降低空间分辨率的条件下仍保证干涉条纹可读。在DPF装置上进行了实验，获得了等离子体壳层的干涉图样，计算了等离子体的径向电子密度分布，在内电极端面上方测量到的最高电子密度约为1.2×10¹⁹ cm^-3，外围等离子体壳层的电子密度约为2×10¹⁸ cm^-3。     

用同电离态离子的光谱线对测量等离子体离子温度

 利用压电晶体驱动Fabry-perot干涉仪并选择合适的板距,通过测量托卡马克等离子体同电离态杂质离子光谱线对的叠加轮廓分布,给出对应的离子温度。该方法的优点是光谱分辨率高,待测谱线有更广泛的选择范围。     

8路神光Ⅱ装置在基频和三倍频条件下工作研究进展

 简要描述在神光Ⅱ装置上进行的部分物理实验，为神光Ⅱ激光装置提供光学性能指标。神光Ⅱ激光装置已经能在三倍频、外转换效率高于60%的条件下常规输出三倍频能量。穿孔实验表明，蓝光(3w₀)的光束质量，特别是远场旁瓣分布质量，甚至于要好于红光(1w₀光)。用100ps脉冲宽度的红光输出打爆推内爆的氘氚球靶，获得单发最高中子产额4×10⁹个。基频线聚焦打靶，获得类Ni银X光激光饱和输出，并成功应用于激光等离子体密度测量，观测到莫尔条纹移动。     

Determination of the spectral width of Raman gain regions for different far infrared laser gases using a metal mesh Fabry Pérot interferometer

In this paper we report on the determination of the spectral width of Raman gain regions for different far infrared laser gases using a metal mesh Fabry Pérot interferometer. By use of broadband pump radiation emitted from a high pressure CO₂ laser we generated far infrared radiation within the Raman gain regions via stimulated Raman scattering. The spectral width of the far infrared radiation was determined using a Fabry Pérot interferometer in high interference order. We applied the method to study stimulated Raman scattering in D₂O and methylfluoride at different gas pressures.     

Design of multi-layer mirrors for measuring optical phase modulation at 1300 nm

A theoretical design and experimental realization of multi-layer mirrors for Fabry–Perot interferometry and optical telecommunications is described in this work. The mirrors were designed and fabricated by 13 successive thin layers to achieve very high reflectance at optical wavelengths around 1300 nm. Thin layers are ZnS and MgF₂ presenting high and low refractive index, respectively. Layer thickness λ_o/2 at λ_o=656 nm. Experimental results include characterization of transmittance of mirrors around 1300 nm. Additionally, the mirrors were integrated in a Fabry–Perot interferometer to characterize optical sources emitting at 1300 nm. Finally to show a practical application, optical phase modulation was analyzed, using the fabricated mirrors through a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer acting as high-resolution optical spectrum analyzer (OSA).     

Experimental natural lifetime determination of the Ar(II) lower laser levels

The natural lifetimes of the (³P)4s²P_3/2,1/2 levels of the Ar(II) spectrum have been determined from the natural broadening of argon lines, measured with a Fabry—Pérot interferometer. The natural broadening was determined from the lines with wavelengths of 4880 and 4965 Å by comparing them with the lines at 4806 and 5009 Å having negligible natural broadening. The natural lifetime of the 4s²P_3/2 level appeared to be τ = 0.19 (±6%) ns and of the 4s²P_1/2 level τ = 0.18 (±15%) ns. These values are about 1.5 to 2 times as small as those determined by other authors either experimentally by using a Fabry—Pérot interferometer by the method of Ballik, or calculated using intermediate coupling.The differences between the two experimental methods are discussed.     

HT-7五道HCN激光干涉仪光学元件的设计

介绍了电磁波在等离子体中的传播以及用外差干涉的方法测量托卡马克装置等离子体电子密度的原理。详细讨论了在 HT- 7超导托卡马克上用于密度诊断测量的五道 HCN激光干涉仪光路的主要光学元件 ,如各类分束片、托卡马克密度诊断窗口的尺寸和厚度的设计以及光学材料的选择 ,并在实验中得到了很好的结果 ,验证了设计的合理性和准确性。五道的位置分别为沿小环圆截面 - 2 0 cm、- 10 cm、0 cm、+ 10 cm、+ 2 0 cm。     

Interference simulation in a cold collisionless moving magnetized plasma slab and (free surface of plasma slab)

Abstract

The pattern of intensity due to the interference in a cold collisionless magnetized moving plasma slab is investigated. Theoretically, it is assumed the mentioned layer has been located as a thin layer in an etalon Fabry–Perot interferometer surrounded by vacuum. The direction of external magnetic field is normal to the plasma surface and the plasma slab moves parallel with external constant magnetic field. By taking into account the relativistic considerations, the functions of transmitted intensity are presented coincident with the Airy function form in laboratory and plasma slab frames, respectively. The effects of plasma frequency, cyclotron frequency, thickness of plasma slab, and velocity of the plasma slab on band width, finesse factor, and visibility are simulated. Finally with the assumption that there are two wavelengths near together in incident electromagnetic beam the power resolution for this configuration are analyzed. All studies mentioned above have been done for S-polarized and P-polarized electromagnetic beams separately.     

CT-6B托卡马克的红宝石激光90°汤姆逊散射实验

本文描述了CT-B托卡马克的红宝石激光90°汤姆逊散射系统概况,讨论了等离子体的汤姆逊散射谱轮廓、电子温度T_e和电子密度n_e的测量,给出测量结果,并与微波干涉测量结果进行了比较。 关键词：     

Determination of the Electron Density in an Argon Laser Plasma by Spectroscopy of the Hydrogen Hα and Hβ Lines

From measurements of the H_α and H_β spectral line profiles in a plasma, a method is developed which allows to separate the contributions of Doppler and Stark broadening. This method is superior to the deconvolution of Voigt profiles, in particular, when the lines are of low intensity. The electron density in the plasma can be calculated from the Stark broadening. An example is the low pressure (p ≈ 1 hPa) arc discharge of argon ion lasers which is characteristised by electron densities of approximately 10¹⁴ cm^?3 at heavy particle temperatures of about 10⁴ K. These plasma parameters lead to a broadening of the Balmer H_α and H_β spectral lines of hydrogen, which has a low concentration within the discharge area. The spectral lines are broadened due to the electron density dependent Stark effect and the temperature responsive Doppler effect. The results are consistent with predictions of the argon ion laser modelling.     

Backscattering mirrors for X-rays and Mössbauer radiation

Observation of exact backscattering of X-rays and studies of its energy and angular dependences; test of the validity of the dynamical theory of diffraction in the extreme case of exact backscattering; backscattering high-energy-resolution monochromators; backscattering interferometers, in particular of the Fabry–Pérot interferometer type; and precise, up to 5·10^—9 Å, measurements of crystal lattice parameters: these are central topics of the paper. Special attention is paid to the selection of crystals to be used as backscattering mirrors. Noncubic crystals like Al₂O₃, SiC, etc., allow backscattering for X-rays with practically any energy above 10 keV. Feasibility of backscattering mirrors for Mössbauer radiation of ⁵⁷Fe (14.4 keV), ¹⁵¹Eu (21.5 keV), ¹¹⁹Sn (23.9 keV), and ¹⁶¹Dy (25.6 keV) nuclei is demonstrated by Al₂O₃ crystals. A concrete design of a sapphire Fabry–Pérot–Bragg étalon is presented.

     

用实验室现有的设备仪器开出近代物理新实验

用法布里──珀罗干涉仪或标准具，可观察到钠光谱两条D线又各自分裂为两条谱线的超精细结构。我们用法布里──珀罗标准具和迈克尔逊干涉仅改装的法布里──珀罗干涉仪测量其裂距与文献记载相符。我们把它设为一个近代物理实验题目。     

CARS investigation of collisional shift of the hydrogen Q‐branch transitions by water at high temperatures

A high‐resolution (∼0.1 cm⁻¹) spectroscopic method based on the application of a Fabry–Pérot interferometer to the spectral analysis of the coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal from an individual Raman transition was used to obtain single‐shot spectra of hydrogen Q‐branch transitions directly in the flame of a pulsed, high‐pressure H₂/O₂ combustion chamber. Simultaneously with the Fabry–Pérot pattern, a broadband CARS spectrum of the complete H₂Q ‐branch structure was recorded in order to measure the temperature of the probe volume. During every cycle of the combustion chamber, a pressure pulse together with single‐shot CARS spectra, providing information on individual line shapes and medium temperature, was recorded. On the basis of the experimental data, the temperature dependences of lineshift coefficients for several Q‐branch lines of hydrogen molecules under collisions with water molecules were determined in the temperature range 2100 < T < 3500 K, and an empirical ‘fitting law’ for H₂ H₂O lineshift coefficients is proposed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.