软X射线辐照引起的InP表面电子态变化

采用X光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外光电子能谱(UPS)研究了软X射线辐照InP所产生的表面电子态的变化．实验结果表明,软X射线的照射,对In原子影响不大,而对P原子影响很大．分析了InP的辐照效应机理,解释了产生上述影响的原因. 关键词：     

ITO靶材黑化物的X射线光电子能谱研究

利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析了ITO靶材黑化物的化学组成，结果表明黑化物由In、Sn、O和C组成，相对原子百分含量In为34．35％，Sn为2．74％，O为52．65％，C为10．26％；In、Sn处于亚氧化状态；C有部分氧化。与原始靶材相比，黑化物的元素组成和化学状态发生了明显的变化。择优溅射最可能引起成分比例失常，真空残余的合C气体和泵油蒸汽被认为是污染C的直接来源。     

ITO/Rubrene表面及界面的AFM和XPS研究

采用原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）研究了氧化铟锡（ITO）/红荧烯（Rubrene）的形貌和表面、界面的电子态。AFM结果显示,ITO上的Rubrene膜有良好的均匀性。XPS结果表明:C1s谱有3个峰,位于282.50,284.70,289.30 eV,对应于C-Si、C O和C-C键。用氩离子束溅射表面,芳香碳对应的峰值逐渐增大,其他两个峰值迅速消失。随着表面O污染的去除,O1s峰先快速减弱然后逐渐增强。界面附近的O原子与C原子结合构成O C、C-O-C和醛基。In3d和Sn3d峰则缓慢增强,在界面附近峰值变得稳定。C1s、In3d、Sn3d谱峰都向低束缚能发生化学位移,表明ITO与Rubrene在界面发生了相互作用,形成一个互扩散层。     

PTCDA/P-Si光电探测器欧姆接触层的XPS测试分析

在光电探测器PTCDA/P-Si芯片的有机层表面,成功制作出了比接触电阻为4.5×10-5Ω·cm2的低阻欧姆接触层。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对Al/Ni/ITO的欧姆接触层界面的电子状态进行了测试和分析。结果表明,ITO中的In3d及Sn3d各出现两个分裂能级的谱峰,它们是In和Sn原子处于氧化环境的结合能。Ni2p有两个谱峰Ni2p(1)及Ni2p(2),低结合能位置Ni2p(1)对应于Ni原子被X射线激发产生的谱峰,说明NiITO之间没有发生化学反应,Ni层阻止了Al层被氧化成Al2O3;高结合能Ni2p(2)谱峰说明已形成了Al3Ni冶金相,有利于低阻欧姆接触层的形成。     

ITO/Rubrene表面及界面的AFM和XPS研究

采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)研究了氧化铟锡(ITO)/红荧烯(Rubrene)的形貌和表面、界面的电子态。AFM结果显示,ITO上的Rubrene膜有良好的均匀性。XPS结果表明:C1s谱有3个峰,位于282.50,284.70,289.30 eV,对应于C—Si、CO和C—C键。用氩离子束溅射表面,芳香碳对应的峰值逐渐增大,其他两个峰值迅速消失。随着表面O污染的去除,O1s峰先快速减弱然后逐渐增强。界面附近的O原子与C原子结合构成OC、C—O—C和醛基。In3d和Sn3d峰则缓慢增强,在界面附近峰值变得稳定。C1s、In3d、Sn3d谱峰都向低束缚能发生化学位移,表明ITO与Rubrene在界面发生了相互作用,形成一个互扩散层。     

同步辐射X射线源的剂量增强效应实验研究

设计了多层平板铝电离室,利用北京同步辐射装置BSRF产生的30—100keV同步辐射硬X射线,测量了不同材料界面Kovar/Au/Al,Pb/Al,Ta/Al的辐射剂量梯度分布,给出了不同材料界面剂量增强因子DEF.在该装置上同时开展了硬X射线辐照引起的CMOS器件4069的剂量增强效应RDEF研究.采用双层膜结构,通过实验给出辐照敏感参数随总剂量的变化关系,从而给出器件损伤增强因子.这些方法为器件抗硬X射线辐射加固技术研究提供了实验技术手段.     

不同集成度SRAM硬X射线剂量增强效应研究

给出了不同集成度16K—4Mb随机静态存储器SRAM在钴源和北京同步辐射装置BSRF3W1白光束线辐照的实验结果;通过实验在线测得SRAM位错误数随总剂量的变化,给出相同辐照剂量时20—100keVX光辐照和Co⁶⁰γ射线辐照的剂量损伤效应的比例因子;给出集成度不同的SRAM器件抗γ射线总剂量损伤能力与集成度的关系;给出不同集成度SRAM器件的X射线损伤阈值.这些结果对器件抗X射线辐射加固技术研究有重要价值.     

1.053μm激光辐照金箔靶发射X射线能谱的实验研究

在“星光-Ⅱ”单束高功率激光装置上利用束匀滑的钕玻璃基频激光辐照不同厚度的金箔靶,测量了金箔靶前向和背向的X射线能谱、X射线辐射能量角分布及X射线能谱时间变化过程,研究了金箔靶中激光烧蚀及辐射烧蚀过程;获得了不同厚度金箔、不同激光功率密度及不同角度等几种条件下其前后向X射线能谱的定量测量结果,同时从不同厚度的金箔背侧X射线能谱时间过程观察到明显的辐射热波时间延迟. 关键词： 金箔靶 X射线能谱 辐射烧蚀 辐射热波     

12C和X射线辐照人肺癌细胞H1299的生物学效应

用高传能线密度（LET）的12C离子束和低LET的X射线辐照体外培养的非小细胞肺癌H1299(p53基因缺失), 研究它们的辐照生物学效应的差异。 用克隆形成率法测定了细胞对射线的辐射敏感性; 用AnnexinV/PI试剂盒检测了细胞早期凋亡; 用流式细胞仪检测了细胞周期变化。 实验结果表明, 12C离子束辐照H1299细胞的存活率明显低于用X射线辐照的; 12C离子束引起H1299细胞的早期凋亡率明显高于X射线辐照引起的, 且持续时间更长; 12C离子束引起的H1299细胞G2/M期的抑制更明显。 说明H1299细胞对高LET的12C离子束的辐射敏感性高于对X射线的, 重离子对p53基因缺失型肿瘤的治疗可实施较低的照射剂量、 较少的照射次数和较长的时间间隔。     

斜辐照激光等离子体辐射X光子特性

 在神光Ⅱ高功率激光装置上,实验研究了激光斜辐照形成的激光等离子体辐射X射线光子的特性及真空喷射热等离子体流的方向。采用针孔X射线相机测量了钕玻璃激光（基频1.053 μm）辐照铝靶形成的激光铝等离子体辐射的X射线光子的空间分布,并针对正入射和入射激光斜辐照情况下测得的X射线光子量及特性进行了分析和比较。结果发现：入射激光斜辐照固体平面靶产生的向真空喷射热等离子体流的方向是垂直靶面（即法线方向）;正入射和斜入射激光叠加驱动靶时,一定程度上能改善激光辐照的均匀性,但等离子体源辐射的X射线光子数并未发现显著地增加;当激光斜辐照与靶相互作用时,激光能量被等离子体吸收下降。     

Structural,magnetic and XPS studies of Sn0.95Co0.05O2-0.05 and Sn0.95Fe0.05O2-0.05 nanoparticles

Structural, microstructural, X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) and magnetic properties of transition metal ion [5 mol% of Co (SC5) and Fe (SF5)]-doped SnO₂ nanoparticles have been studied. The SC5 and SF5 nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical route using polyvinyl alcohol as surfactant. The doped SnO₂ crystallites were found to exhibit a tetragonal rutile structure and the average grains size was measured by the Scherer relation of X-ray diffraction. Transmission electron micrographs showed that the average grain size of SC5 is smaller than SF5. SC5 nanoparticles showed strong ferromagnetic behaviour but SF5 exhibited an F-centre exchange (FCE) mechanism. Temperature-dependent magnetization showed the values of phase transition temperature. XPS confirmed the presence of Sn–O–Co and Sn–O–Fe bonds in these SC5 and SF5 nanoparticles. The oxidation states of Sn, Co and Fe were found to be +4, +2 and +2, respectively, while the core level XPS peaks of Sn 3d, O 1s, Co 2p and Fe 2p were analyzed.     

An XPS study of the interaction between tin(II) phthalocyanine and polycrystalline iron

The interaction between tin phthalocyanine (SnPc) and polycrystalline iron has been studied with XPS and synchrotron radiation excited XPS. After incremental annealing of a thin film of SnPc on a polycrystalline iron substrate, a low binding energy component of the Sn 3d core level became increasingly abundant. This component is attributed to metallic tin, and thus, it is suggested that a substitution reaction has occurred. Quantitative analysis of the carbon and nitrogen core level intensities is consistent with such a substitution. The reaction is observable at room temperature, but is enhanced at elevated temperatures.It is also shown that after thermal desorbtion of the SnPc adlayer, the residual carbon component is significantly reduced relative to a thermally cleaned polycrystalline surface.     

不同表面状态镀锡钢板铬酸盐钝化膜中铬元素的XPS分析

用X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)分析的方法,对铬酸盐钝化镀锡钢板的正常表面及缺陷点处铬元素的含量、价态以及由铬元素组成的化合物进行了研究。用超声波的方法对铬酸盐钝化镀锡钢板进行处理后,研究了超声波处理对缺陷处的铬元素的含量、价态的影响。结果表明,钝化膜中主要含有Cr,O, Sn元素。镀锡铬酸盐钝化膜中正常表面的铬元素主要是以Cr(OH)₃,Cr单质以及Cr₂O₃的形态存在。在对镀锡板表面进行阴极电解钝化的过程中,Cr(Ⅵ)发生了转化,价态降低。在缺陷处,除了有Cr(OH)₃和Cr₂O₃以外,还有微量的Cr(Ⅵ)存在。在缺陷处铬元素的含量低于正常表面,在超声波清洗处理后,缺陷处铬元素的含量明显低于不经超声波清洗的含量。施加的超声波因产生强烈的洗脱作用,使吸附在缺陷处的微量的Cr(Ⅵ)消失。     

X-ray radiation of poly-L-arginine hydrochloride and multilayered DNA-coatings

The aim of this work was to determine the chemical changes induced in thin films of the dry polypeptide poly-L-arginine hydrochloride and its mixture with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) during 5 h of soft X-ray exposure. The physical and chemical effects of the soft X-ray irradiation were studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Analysis of O1s, N1s and C1s features in XPS spectra reveals the existence of several routes of radiation-induced decomposition and shows quantitative and qualitative changes.     

同步辐射激发直接干化学刻蚀

同步辐射激发直接光化学刻蚀是近年来发展的一项新技术 ,它不需要常规光刻中的光刻胶工艺 ,用表面光化学反应直接将图形写到半导体材料的表面上。由于所用的同步辐射在真空紫外 (VUV)波段 ,理论上的分辨率可以达到电子学的量子极限 ,且没有常规工艺中的表面损伤和化学污染 ,是一种非常具有应用潜力的技术。本文的最后部份重点讨论了与上述技术密切相关的VUV和软X射线激发的表面光化学反应机理。     

Mössbauer studies of the states and behavior of tin in reforming catalysts

The state of Sn in Pt-Sn/Al₂O₃ catalyst has been studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy, XPS and TPR. The Mössbauer spectra show that Sn(IV) is the main species, which is also proved by XPS. The TPR experiment further proves that the reoxidation of the reduced catalyst is rather slow. Sequentially, the Mössbauer and XPS studies indicate that the Sn(IV) species are not tin chloride, Sn(II) or Sn(0) but probably tin oxide. Furthermore, the behavior of the Sn(IV) at different conditions has been discussed.     

Ion bombardment induced amorphous layers on single crystal stainless steel-a combined rutherford backscattering and transmission electron microscopy study

Abstract

Decomposition reactions of NaClO₃, KClO₃, and KIO₄ induced by 3 keV Ar⁺ ions and 1254 eV X-rays are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reactions lead to the formation of binary halides with preferential losses of oxygen. The decomposition pattern, monitored at the various stages of reaction, indicates almost direct changeover to the final products with only a few intermediate species formed. Product abundancies are compared for the ion, X-ray, and electron induced reactions and discussed in relation to the various radiation induced reaction mechanisms.     

Effect of the final-state interaction on the initial core–hole lifetime: the case of the 4s-hole lifetime of Sn metal

The first theoretical study of the effect of the final-state interaction on the initial core–hole lifetime is presented. The 4s-hole lifetime width of Sn metal is calculated by an ab-initio atomic many-body theory (Green’s function method). When the final-state interaction in the 4p4d two-hole state, created by the 4s⁻¹−4p⁻¹4d⁻¹ f super Coster–Kronig (CK) transition of the initial 4s hole, is explicitly taken into account, the ab-initio atomic many-body calculation of the 4s-hole X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of Sn atom can provide excellent agreement with experiment in both the 4s-hole energy and the 4s-hole lifetime width. Otherwise, the many-body calculation underestimates considerably the 4s-hole lifetime width. The 4p4d two-hole state interacts strongly with the 4d triple-hole state by the 4p⁻¹4d⁻¹−4d⁻³ f super CK transition. The interaction affects greatly the initial 4s-hole lifetime width.