一米长四翼型RFQ调谐研究(英文)

为获取ADS工程中四翼型RFQ加速器在设计、调谐和运行等方面的经验,设计和建造了一台一米长四翼型RFQ加速器。该RFQ的设计频率为162.5 MHz,但是测量结果显示即使没有调谐器时,腔体的频率也为163.7 MHz。为降低腔体频率,使用四线模型理论进行了分析并重新设计了腔体的端板。使用了二极模稳定杆来加大四极频率与相邻二极频率的间隔。最终测量结果显示,在腔体电压分布没有大的波动的情况下腔体频率达到了设计频率。同时,腔体Q值降低了1%,这就要求需要更多的功率注入腔体。使用水对二极模稳定杆进行了冷却,以便腔体能够稳定工作。     

SSC直线注入器RFQ腔体多物理场分析

SSC-LINAC是为兰州重离子研究装置（HIRFL）设计的直线注入器,它将U34+离子加速到1 MeV/u注入到分离扇回旋加速器（SSC）中,为冷却储存环（CSR）提供10 MeV/u的U34+。该注入器可以将SSC引出的重离子流强提高一个量级以上。SSC-LINAC由一个RFQ（Radio Frequency Quadrupole）加速器和4个DTL（drift tube linac）组成,设计频率为53.667 MHz。RFQ工作在连续波模式,设计功率30 kW,如果不能有效地冷却,高频电流在电极表面产生的热量会使RFQ的腔壁和电极发生形变,从而导致腔体频率的漂移以及加速和聚焦电场的改变。因此,为了保证连续波工作的RFQ加速器稳定运行,对水冷模式和通道设计提出了很高的要求。作者用有限元软件ANSYS对RFQ进行高频电磁场、温度场、结构应力的耦合分析,验证了冷却方案设计的可行性和可靠性。Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou(HIRFL) consists of SFC, SSC, CSRm and CSRe. A new linac injector, which will increase U34+ to 1 MeV/u, is designed for SSC to increase the beam intensity to ten times higher. The new injector, whose frequency is 53.667 MHz, is composed by a RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) cavity and four DTL(Drift Tube Linac) cavities. The RFQ cavity, whose RF power is 30 kW, is operated at CW(continuous wave) mode. The heat produced by HF (high frequency) electromagnetic will cause deformation of RFQ structure, lead to the resonant frequency shift, and reduce the focusing efficiency of the cavity. An efficient cooling system is necessary to ensure that the RFQ cavity can stably be operated at the nominal frequency. A detailed multi-physics field coupling analysis of RFQ has been finished with 3D finite elements software ANSYS. The result of the analysis shows that the water cooling system can cool the RFQ cavity fully and keep the frequency drift be in a acceptable level.     

CSR-LINAC IH-RFQ的高频电磁设计

中国科学院近代物理研究所在CSR-LINAC项目中设计了一台108.48 MHz的IH型RFQ直线加速器。该RFQ可以将质荷比为3~7的离子从4 keV/u加速到300 keV/u。在完成束流动力学设计的基础上,主要针对RFQ腔体的高频电磁设计展开了研究,同时利用了电磁场仿真和束流动力学模拟来研究腔体的四极场不平整度和二极场及其动力学影响。未经调谐的情况下,腔体的谐振频率为108.15 MHz,腔体空载品质因子Q₀为5 910,腔体功耗为123 kW。通过在支撑板两端增加底切的设计,将腔体的四极场不平整度由-21%~ 12%优化至±2.5%,满足了束流动力学要求。腔体的二极场为-3%~ -2.2%,使得束流在垂直方向小幅振荡,RFQ的垂直方向接受度减小5%。为了保证功率馈入时反射较小,将耦合器设置在临界耦合状态,耦合面积为940 mm2。为了补偿腔体的频率偏差和漂移,设计了调谐量分别为707和132 kHz的固定调谐器和可动调谐器。The 108.48 MHz IH type RFQ for CSR-LINAC project is under design at Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This RFQ can accelerate heavy ions with mass to charge ratio of 3~7 from 4 keV/u to 300 keV/u. According to the beam dynamics requirement, the RF structure design has been finished. The quadrupole field unflatness and dipole field of the cavity were studied by electromagnetic simulation and beam dynamics simulation. The frequency of the cavity without tuning is 108.15 MHz, the Q₀ of the cavity is 5910, and the RF power loss is 123 kW. The quadrupole field unflatness of ±2.5%,which was -21%~12% before optimizing, is achieved to meet dynamics requirement through the undercuts in cavity supporters. The dipole field of -3%~ -2.2% causes the oscillation of the beam center and acceptance reduction of 5%. The power coupler must be in critical coupling state with the coupling area of 940 mm2 for minimum reflection coefficient. The tuners, consist of coarse and fine tuners with frequency shift of 707 and 132 kHz respectively, is used for tuning of frequency deviation of the cavity.     

HIRFL新B1聚束器频率微调系统的设计及稳定性分析

 频率自动调谐系统是聚束器的重要组成部分之一。频率调谐系统成功的研制和投入使用达到了使谐振腔体的固有谐振频率在22～54 MHz的范围内自动稳定在输入信号频率上的目的，频率自动微调系统达到了±5×10^-6的频率稳定度，解决了由于腔体失谐所造成的高频电压滑落的问题，由此在腔体的加速缝隙间得到稳定的高频电压，保证了聚束器系统的高质量可靠运行。     

分离作用射频四极场加速器的结构和工艺设计

 介绍了北京大学分离作用射频四极场(RFQ)加速器的结构特点,包括膜片式电极、支撑环式电极支撑系统、水冷系统、调谐系统及其工艺实现;介绍了基于该分离作用RFQ加速腔进行的调谐测试、高功率实验和束流实验。结果表明:调谐系统的频率调节范围及品质因数完全满足实验要求;分离作用RFQ加速腔的输入功率可以达到33 kW以上,满足高功率下稳定运行的条件;在束流实验中,把1.03 MeV的O⁺入射束流加速到1.65 MeV,半高宽能散小于3%。加速器结构满足物理设计要求,加速系统运行稳定。     

强流RFQ的稳定性设计研究

对强流RFQ耦合间隙的确定、二极模稳定杆的设计进行了详细的研究和讨论.利用现有的RFQ冷模,进行了本征模频率的测量、场分布的调试和测量、二极模稳定杆的试验.并通过与模拟结果的比较,验证了模拟程序在RFQ腔体设计中的可靠性.同时,对影响RFQ稳定性设计的物理进行了有益的探讨.     

兰州冷却储存实验环高可靠性低电平控制系统

为控制高频加速腔体产生具有稳定的幅度、相位和频率的射频加速电场,设计了实验环高频低电平控制系统。为保证控制的稳定性、可靠性和实时性,系统各功能模块以硬件模拟电路为主体,同时为了协调控制各功能模块的工作并补偿某些功能模块的非线性误差,增加了数字模块。该系统由相位稳定、幅度稳定和频率调谐3个子系统组成,采用高频鉴相、PID控制、DSP和FPGA等技术。目前,控制系统通过了长期稳定性的实验和高功率实验,幅度控制精度±3%,相位控制精度±2°,频率调谐精度±5°。     

同步辐射用高频腔的性能研究实验

基于合肥光源提供的铜制有源高频腔和上海光源提供的铌制超导无源高频腔,设计了可以测量高频腔性能参量的实验装置.以探针将微波信号馈入高频腔体中,通过网络分析仪接收到的信号分析微波在腔体中的谐振情况,从而测量腔体的特性.利用该实验装置测量了2个高频腔的谐振频率、品质因数和腔体中心轴线上的电场分布.     

分离作用射频四极场加速器频率调谐和高功率试验

在分离作用射频四极场(SFRFQ)加速腔中加入频率调谐装置,用步进电机驱动调谐杆运动,改变调谐板在腔中的位置来改变调谐板与支撑环之间的分布电容,从而改变SFRFQ腔的工作频率,使其谐振频率为26.07 MHz,实现了RFQ和SFRFQ组合加速系统频率的匹配。在完成两腔频率调谐的基础上进行了SFRFQ腔体1/6占空比高功率试验,轫致辐射谱的测量表明,SFRFQ极间电压在入射峰值功率为28.8 kW时已达到86.2 kV,超过了设计指标的70.0 kV。     

独立调谐微波电子枪耦合结构的仿真及测试（英）

精确的功率耦合结构设计是保证高品质束流的关键。为确保系统实际运行中的独立调谐微波电子枪耦合性能满足设计要求,对其进行了仿真与测试。首先应用电磁仿真软件CST对电子枪进行了频域和本征模式的仿真计算,两种方法计算结果吻合,谐振频率分别为2 856.10 MHz和2 856.07 MHz,耦合系数分别为1.624和1.620。同时,对已经安装在加速器上实际运行的电子枪分别采用反射系数法与腔体损耗法进行了耦合性能的测试。单点的反射系数法测得耦合系数为1.78,谐振频率为2 855.77 MHz。在此谐振点上,结合反射系数法和腔体损耗法进行多点拟合,测得耦合系数为1.785。结果表明,仿真计算结果与实际测试的结果基本相符。     

Design of 57.5 MHz CW RFQ structure for the Rare Isotope Accelarator Facility

The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) facility includes a driver LINAC for production of 400 kW CW heavy-ion beams. The initial acceleration of heavy ions delivered from an ECR ion source can be effectively performed by a 57.5 MHz 4 m long RFQ. The principal specifications of the RFQ are: (1) formation of extremely low longitudinal emittance: (2) stable operation over a wide range of voltage for acceleration of various ion species needed for RIA operation; (3) simultaneous acceleration of two-charge states of uranium ions. CW operation of an accelerating structure leads to a number of requirements for the resonators such as high shunt impedance, efficient water cooling of all parts of the resonant cavity, mechanical stability together with precise alignment, reliable rf contacts, a stable operating mode and fine tuning of the resonant frequency during operation. To satisfy these requirements a new resonant structure has been developed. This paper discusses beam dynamics and electrodynamics design of the RFQ cavity, as well as, some aspects of the mechanical design of this low-frequency CW RFQ.     

基于LabVIEW的He-Ne激光器综合实验系统

基于LabVIEW软件和数据采集卡设计了激光器综合实验系统,可实现对激光器谐振腔长调谐的自动、远程、精密的控制,并具有对输出光强信号进行实时显示、存储、读取和处理的功能,同时将频率分裂、模竞争和光强调谐实验相结合.     

新型低beta超导腔调谐算法分析与测试

为了使腔体在复杂电磁环境下处于谐振状态,保持超导腔加速电压的幅度相位稳定,研发了一种应用于自激锁相模式的腔体新型调谐算法。利用正交电压Q值控制调谐器调谐,从而消除了输入和输出间的相位误差,给出了理论推导过程与该算法的可靠性分析。该算法已应用于中国科学院近代物理研究所ADS项目超导加速器中,简化了传统控制模式中的信号采样数量,提高了系统控制精度与抗干扰能力,使腔体克服了在调谐过程中由于功率上冲引起的氦压波动。保证了超导腔在工作状态下,频率稳定在162.5 MHz,频率误差小于17 Hz。For the purposes of keeping the resonant cavity steady in a complex electromagnetic environment and maintaining stable amplitude and phase, a new tuning algorithm for superconducting RF cavity operated in self-excited phase-locked mode has been developed. The quadrature voltage was employed to control the tuner under the phase-locked condition, so as to eliminate phase measurement between the input and the output. This paper demonstrates the principle of this "Minimum Q" tuning algorithm and presents an analysis of the stability of the system. The algorithm is applied to the superconducting accelerator of the Institute of Modern Physics' ADS project. The "Minimum Q" tuning algorithmnot only simplifies the number of signal sampling but also improves the control accuracy and anti-interference ability of the system, while enables the cavity to overcome the helium pressure fluctuation which caused by power overshoot. It ensures that the frequency of the superconducting cavity is stable at 162.5 MHz, and the frequency error is less than 17 Hz.     

四杆与四翼型RFQ内的二极场研究

RFQ (射频四极透镜) 是直线加速器中最重要的前级聚焦加速结构，其工作模式下束流孔中的电场四极对称性是保证束流品质及加速效率的关键。为了解决其各自存在的工作模式下四极场的不对称问题，分别对四杆型RFQ 和四翼型RFQ 的结构和模式谐振特性做了研究。针对四翼型RFQ，模拟显示双端口对称耦合的方式从抵消二极模式和提高结构对称性两方面来达到削弱工作模式下的场分布中二极量的目的，对一个1 m段四翼RFQ 模型腔的测量证实了双端口对称耦合抵消腔内二极模式的有效性；针对四杆型RFQ 的二极场，以SSC-Linac 项目的RFQ 为原型，利用三维模拟计算软件CST-MWS 进行模拟，通过改进支撑板的结构并调整参数，完全地消除了工作模式下的极间二极场，且理论上此种改进方法对支撑板结构的四杆型RFQ 均有效。Radio Frequency Quadruple(RFQ) is the most important front-end acceleration structure in linear accelerators.It can focus and accelerate beam in longitudinal and transversal direction, simultaneously. Symmetric of electric field in acceleration aperture is very important for the beam dynamics. To an idea RFQ, there is only quadruple electric field in the acceleration aperture. The dipole field in aperture is harmful and need be as small as possible. The methods to reduce it are studied in a four-rod RFQ and a four-vane RFQ in the article ndependently. To a four-vane RFQ, the symmetrical double-port couplers are employed to counteract the neighboring dipole modes. The availability is confirmed by the simulation with the 3-D Finite Element tool, CST-MWS. And it is also observed by measuring a model-cavity with a symmetrical double-port couplers. To a four-rod RFQ, a new structure of stems is proposed to reduce the dipole mode.Taking the RFQ for the SSC-LINAC project as example, the dipole mode contributions to the electric filed is completely eliminated by selecting stem’s parameters carefully. It is confirmed by the simulation of CST-MWS. heoretically, this method is independent with the frequency of an RFQ and serves for all RFQs with 4-rod or 4-wane structure.     

CSNS LINAC低电平射频控制系统软件设计

低电平射频控制系统主要用于对加速腔的高频场和谐振频率的控制,保证加速器的稳定运行并输出高品质的束流.低电平控制系统软件提供可视化操作界面,实现数据显示和存储、自动化算法等功能,提高了低电平系统的可操作性,减少了人工作业量和故障率.软件开发具有灵活性强、开发周期短的特点,适合控制速度要求相对不高而逻辑较为复杂的功能开发....     

350MHz强流质子RFQ加速器工艺腔的研制与测量

为研究强流质子RFQ加速腔的设计与加工工艺,研制了一台全尺寸无氧铜工艺腔.本文介绍了其物理设计与机械设计、机械加工与钎焊工艺研究及其高频性能的测量和调节.经调节,RFQ工艺腔可以达到较为理想的电场分布,其4个象限电场分布的一致性和平整度均能满足要求,二极场分量也足够小