凹面全息光栅单色仪设计

提出了单色仪在光纤传感系统中的应用,通过分析Ⅳ型凹面全息光栅的光程函数、像差校正原理和像差校正效果,以光栅为分光元件,设计了一种小型凹面光栅单色仪。单色仪使用自聚焦透镜作为入射狭缝和准直元件,PIN光电二极管作为接收元件,使用步进电机带动凹面光栅旋转扫描光谱。LabVIEW程序控制数据采集卡的数字输出,并显示采集到的光谱。单色仪结构简单、价格低廉,通过实验实现了对单色光的检测。     

三光栅单色仪标定方法研究

 单色仪是一种分光仪器,它通过色散元件的分光作用,把一束复色光分解成不同波长的单色光。文章提出了针对三光栅扫描色散机构单色仪的标定方法。对于采用正弦扫描机构的单色仪多采用多项式拟合方法实现波长标定,其精度高低取决于标定点数的多少。在全波长范围内,多项式拟合标定方法的精度有限。文章根据三光栅扫描单色仪的实际设计方案,采用正弦曲线拟合方法。光栅方程本身符合正弦规律,少量的标定点就可以满足拟合精度要求。适当选取待定参数,可以大幅度减少拟合运算过程中的计算复杂性。根据仿真软件的分析结果,其波长拟合偏误差小于0.5 nm。     

合肥X射线衍射光束线单色仪中晶体反射曲线的测量

合肥X射线衍射光束线装备了一台以两晶体无色散 ( +n ,-n)排列 ,能量可连续扫描 ,空间位置固定输出为特点的双晶单色仪。选用单晶硅作为分光元件 ,它所对应的不同能量产生的全反射的本征宽度决定了双晶单色仪的分辨率。因此 ,晶体在投入使用之前 ,测量它的本征宽度 ,为单色仪的调试提供依据是非常必要的。介绍了用于合肥X射线衍射光束线单色仪中两块晶体的测量 ,包括测试方法、装置、测量结果和分析。     

光学元件群延迟的直接测量

提出了一种测量群延迟的新方法,利用白光干涉仪产生的光谱干涉,通过时间频率联合分析直接得出群延迟,减小了传统相位差分方法产生的误差,并通过测量结果减去系统背景,进一步提高了光学元件色散测量的准确度. 该方法适合于具有复杂色散光学元件群延迟和色散的准确测量,也适合于慢光器件群速度延迟的测量. 关键词： 色散测量 白光干涉 时间频率分析 超快激光     

双通道共轴聚焦型X射线晶体光谱仪

研制了一种用于Z箍缩等离子体X射线光谱诊断的双通道共轴聚焦型晶体光谱仪。谱仪采用均匀色散(即线色散率为常数)和球面云母晶体作为两个通道的X射线色散元件,位于中轴线上的双胶片盒作为探测器,在大致相同的光谱范围内同时获取Z箍缩等离子体的时间积分光谱。在中国工程物理研究院"阳"加速器上开展了Z箍缩内爆摄谱实验,两通道分别获得了Z箍缩铝丝阵等离子体的类氢和类氦光谱谱线。实验结果表明:均匀色散通道光谱分布遵循均匀色散条件,实验得到的线色散率和设计值吻合很好,最大相对误差仅为3.48%,和球面晶体通道相比,它能更容易、更准确识别和处理光谱,在识别和分析陌生复杂光谱成分时具有优势。     

材料科学中的拉曼光谱

用拉曼光谱研究物质成功的关键在于以此为目的所使用的仪器。本工作中,我们集中于两个特别有关的课题。首先是关于拉曼光谱仪的近期发展,其次是关于用这些仪器研究半导体和表面沾污的分析。每一项专门研究都存在着感兴趣的分析要求,它们都已得到解决。本文论述两类仪器,其中每一种都能以传统的宏观方式或微观方式操作。最近已获得空间分辨约为1μm或更小。U-1000是一种扫描双单色仪,它的杂散光很弱,可在激发线附近工作,它的光谱分辨率高可研究具有很靠近的拉曼谱带的样品,它有多次扫描功能可研究低散射截面的样品或作慢速度的动力学研究。Mole拉曼微探针是一种多用途的三单色仪系统,它有二个相减的单色仪和一个色散的单色仪,装有光学显微镜并与光学多道分析仪联用,这台三单色仪系统也配有自动波长定标和计算机控制横坐标线性的软件,它使科学家们只须集中精力于所研究的问题而无须花精力对原始数据须做的修正工作。     

基于曲面棱镜的宽视场推帚式高光谱成像仪设计

设计了一种覆盖短波红外谱段的宽视场推帚式高光谱成像系统,可用于空间遥感平台搭载获取高光谱数据立方体,分析地表物质组成及其理化特性。采用曲面棱镜作为色散元件,它集色散和成像功能于一体,通过与Offner中继结构相结合,大大简化了光谱仪光学系统的设计。相比传统色散型光谱成像仪,其结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻,而且能够有效校正棱镜色散带来的谱线弯曲和色畸变的问题。相比同类型的基于Offner中继结构的光栅光谱成像仪,其能量利用率高。分析了曲面棱镜的近轴光学理论和Offner中继结构的成像特点,给出了光谱仪的设计指标和结果,并对其光谱成像质量进行了评价。     

光谱色散后的相位调制光束衍射特性研究

用数值方法研究了激光驱动器系统中使用光谱色散平滑单元后光束的衍射特性.模拟结果表明，光谱色散会使光束衍射光斑变大，近场空间强度均匀性改善，而远场光斑内部存在光强接近于均匀分布的区域.进一步分析了光谱色散平滑单元中相位调制器的调制深度、调制频率及光栅色散系数等主要元件参数对光束传输特性的影响，发现在一定情况下光斑内部会出现较强的强度调制. 关键词： 光谱色散平滑 光束衍射 近场 远场     

棱镜-光栅组合色散型超光谱成像系统的优化设计

大视场、超光谱分辨率、高空间分辨是光谱成像仪的发展方向,谱线弯曲和色畸变的抑制则是二维谱图信息准确提取的前提。提出了一种棱镜-光栅光谱成像结构形式,并采用矢量方法构建了棱镜-光栅组合色散元件的数学模型,优化了分光模块的结构参数,基于此组合色散元件设计了一个具有近直视光路结构的超光谱成像仪光学系统。该系统光谱范围为400~800nm,入射狭缝长为14mm,F数为2.4,其光谱分辨率达0.5nm,调制传递函数(MTF)在探测器奈奎斯特频率68lp/mm处均大于0.7,谱线弯曲和色畸变均小于1μm,低于单个像素的13.5%。     

分析双Amici棱镜角度误差对色散的影响

双Amici棱镜为复合棱镜结构,作为成像光谱系统中的分光元件,避免了单棱镜色散结构存在的多种问题。双Amici棱镜的加工生产要对其各个角度提出生产指标,而角度误差对于光谱成像系统的色散性是有影响的。针对一种编码孔径成像光谱仪,设计了符合性能指标要求的双Amici棱镜,并从光线追迹的角度出发,计算得到双Amici棱镜色散的数学模型。针对给出的一特定光学系统中的棱镜结构推导了棱镜各个角度单独对线色散的影响,并分析给出各个角度构成的误差链对线色散的综合影响,最终给出了棱镜的生产指标。分析结果有助于指导系统中该棱镜的加工生产。     

WDP-500C型平面光栅单色仪应用于实验教学的技术问题

针对WDP-500C型平面光栅单色仪未设有千位数字,致使其报警时不能正确处理的问题,提出了根据滑块的传动距离加长挡光板或将光电报警开关向短波段移动8.0 nm的解决方案,消除了由于单色仪设计问题而产生的故障.     

Achromatic phase matching for tunable second-harmonic generation by use of a grism

Achromatic phase matching (APM) involves dispersing the light entering a nonlinear-optical crystal so that a wide range of wavelengths is simultaneously phase matched. Using an APM arrangement consisting of a grism (a grating on the surface of a prism) and three prisms, optimized to match a second-harmonic crystal phase-matching angle versus wavelength to high order, we efficiently doubled tunable fundamental light near 650nm with a bandwidth of >95 nm by use of a 4-mm type I beta-barium borate crystal. APM uses no moving parts, and unlike previous APM designs, ours avoids lenses and hence is easy to align and insensitive to translational misalignment of the beam.     

实验室EXAFS测量中单色器晶体二级衍射的应用

本文研究了实验室EXAFS测量中,应用单色器晶体二级衍射的有关问题,当测定的能量范围内,X射线连续谱上存在杂质发射线时,将导致测定吸收谱精细结构的畸变,研究了对这种谱线畸变进行修正的方法,并对采用晶面二级衍射测定时,EXAFS谱振幅降低的情况下如何求得正确的结构参数进行了讨论。 关键词：     

氮化镓外延单晶中束缚激子辐射复合的偏振特性

研究发现,氮化镓外延单晶中束缚于中性施主中心和受主中心上的束缚激子BED°和BEA°的复合发光,具有偏振特性。这种偏振特性,会随激发光的强度发生变化。当激发光的强度在104W/cm2和106W/cm2间变化时,偏振度首先以二次方的规律随激发光强的增强而增加,而后超于饱和。本文首先用单轴晶体中介电函数的各向异性解释了荧光固有偏振度的起因,继而采用束缚激子间相互作用的电偶极子模型解释了荧光偏振度随激发光光强的变化规律。     

Model and simulation on the efficiencies of microcavity OLEDs

This paper presents simple calculation models of the external quantum efficiency and power efficiency for the microcavity OLEDs. The models take into account the energy spatial distribution of the device and provide a rough estimate of the efficiencies for the planar surface emitting devices, by which the integrating sphere and monochrometer were saved. The external quantum efficiency and luminous current efficiency from the structures of glass/DBR/ITO/NPB/Alq: C545T/Alq/LiF/Al and glass/ITO/NPB/Alq: C545T/Alq/LiF/Al were calculated based on these models and the measured data. Comparing with conventional OLED, the external quantum efficiency and luminous current efficiency of the MOLED were improved 3.1% and 8% at low current density (< 10 mA/cm², corresponding to the display brightness range), respectively.     

影响单色器光谱纯度的因素

在测试仪器中，单色器的光谱纯度决定系统的分辨率。对瓦茨沃斯棱镜系统与切尔尼—特纳光栅系统进行分析，提出了影响单色器光谱纯度的六种主要因素，建立了函数关系，并对综合作用进行了评价。     

Low temperature nanoparticle sintering with continuous wave and pulse lasers

New manufacturing methods are being sought for electronics production. Printable electronics is a promising method for producing low cost and large-scale electronics. In printable electronics nanoparticle inks printed on the surface of substrate contain additives, such as dispersing agent and carrier fluids that provide good printing properties by changing the viscosity and separating the nanoparticles of the ink. In the sintering process ink particles are heated to a certain, ink-specific temperature. During the sintering process the carrier fluid and dispersing agents are evaporated from the ink. Additional heating after evaporation causes the nanoparticles to start to agglomerate. A small particle size allows the use of a considerably lower sintering temperature than with bulk silver, for example 220 °C. The sintering process is usually utilized with a convection oven, with a long sintering time, and the thermal load on the surrounding material can become too great as components and patterns are formed from layers of different type inks. Hence, alternative sintering methods are sought. This paper describes tests done with two different types of laser; pulsed and continuous wave lasers. Laser sintering enables short sintering times and selective sintering, making it possible for printed structures to contain fragile active components produced with other technologies.     

脉冲式可控偏振态变换器及其应用

本文提出一种基于晶体双折射效应的脉冲式可控偏振态变换器,可以实现偏振光六个偏振分量的脉冲变换.将它应用于偏振型光传感信号的单光路分时检测,可以提高信号检测灵敏度和传感信号的抗干扰能力.文中给出了利用铌酸锂晶体和脉冲电场对光传感信号的X、Y线性偏振分量进行脉冲变换的实验结果.     

Dynamic out-of-plane profilometry for nano-scale full-field characterization of MEMS using stroboscopic interferometry with novel signal deconvolution algorithm

A dynamic 3D nano-scale surface profilometer using stroboscopic white-light interferometry with novel signal deconvolution was developed to deliver dynamic surface profilometry with a measurement bandwidth of up to a MHz scale and a vertical resolution reaching 1 nm. Previous work using stroboscopic microscopic interferometry for dynamic characterization of micro-(opto)electromechanical systems (M(O)EMS) has been limited in measurement bandwidth of less than a few hundred kHz due to physical length limitation of stroboscopic light. For high-resonance mode analysis, the stroboscopic light pulse is too lengthy to capture the moving fringes from dynamic motion of the detected structure. In view of this need, a novel deconvolution algorithm using correction of the light response was developed for removing potential image blurs caused by the unavoidable vibration of the tested parts. With this advance in technology, the bandwidth of dynamic measurement can be significantly increased without sacrificing measurement accuracy. A microcantilever beam used in AFM was measured to verify the capability of the system in accurate characterization of dynamic behaviors of M(O)EMS.     

Broad band polarizing beam splitter with a dielectric layer embedded in the groove of metal grating

We described the use of a metal grating embedded with a dielectric layer in the grating groove as a highly efficient polarizing beam splitter (PBS), to reflect s-polarized light and transmit p-polarized light in a wide spectrum band. This novel structure is designed at a wavelength of 1550 nm to be used in the optical communication wavelength band. High polarization efficiency and extinction ratio for both reflected and transmitted light are obtained by optimization of the designed structure. Moreover, it is shown that this structure can exhibit extremely high extinction ratio in the optical communication band with less dependence on the grating parameters and on the incidence angle, which greatly ease the fabrication of such kind of gratings.