碲玻璃双芯光子晶体光纤耦合特性研究

以碲玻璃为基质材料,设计了八边形双芯光子晶体光纤.应用全矢量有限元法和模式耦合基本理论分析了八边形双芯光子晶体光纤中结构参数对耦合长度特性的影响.计算结果表明:在波长1.55μm处,减小孔间距可明显减小耦合长度,但只略微改变相对耦合长度;增大空气孔及椭圆率可略微增大耦合长度,但可明显增大相对耦合长度.当相对耦合长度为1时,设计的偏振分束器性能较理想.在此基础上,通过调节结构参数,设计了一种较短传输长度、高带宽、高消光比的偏振分束器,当光纤长度为139μm时,X、Y方向偏振光即可实现分离,消光比达到最小值-53.46dB,且在波长1.49μm~1.61μm,即带宽为120nm范围内,消光比小于-20dB,与同类型的高消光比和极短长度双芯偏振分束器相比,其综合性能比较突出.     

全固三芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器

设计分析了一种基于碲酸盐玻璃的全固态三芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器.利用三芯光纤中存在的谐振耦合现象,调整光纤结构参量,使某一偏振光无限接近谐振耦合条件产生强耦合,而另一偏振光因远离谐振耦合而耦合程度较弱,实现不同偏振光的分离.该偏振分束器长度短、超宽带、消光比高.在波长1 550nm处,偏振分束器长度仅为1.14mm,消光比高达-101.27dB;消光比小于-20dB的带宽达到100nm;消光比小于-10dB的带宽覆盖了E+S+C+L+U波段,高达350nm.此全固光子晶体光纤偏振分束器不仅性能优越,结构简单,且全固态的设计结构可有效避免光纤拉制过程中的空气孔坍塌,为设计更优性能的偏振分束器提供了思路.     

基于碲酸盐的新型单芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器

提出了一种基于ZnTe碲酸盐玻璃的单芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器.在外侧包层纤芯对称位置引入缺陷孔,使缺陷模和纤芯基模发生耦合以实现光束分离.采用全矢量有限元法对所提出的单芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器的特性进行研究,结果表明:该分束器可以实现1.3μm和1.55μm波长光的分离,并使光束沿X和Y偏振方向同时传播;当光纤长度为15mm时,1.3μm和1.55μm处的串扰值分别低至-45.1dB和-40.2dB,小于-20dB的带宽分别为44.2nm和67.1nm;在传输波长1.3μm和1.55μm处的损耗值为0.063dB和0.048dB;偏振分束器在具有低串扰值的同时,具有较低的限制损耗.     

新型超宽带双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器的研究

提出了一种新型超宽带双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器. 应用全矢量有限元法,系统地研究了光纤结构参数对偏振分束器带宽和偏振分束器长度的影响. 分析结果表明：增加掺氟区折射率,既能提高分束器带宽,也能减少分束器长度;增大光纤中空气孔的孔距及孔径与孔距比,可以增加分束器的带宽,但同时也会导致分束器的长度增大,使得器件尺寸增大. 因此,在设计中需兼顾分束器的带宽和长度来选取光纤的结构参数. 通过结构参数的优化,设计出一种短长度、高消光比和超宽带的偏振分束器,其长度为7.362 mm,消光比高于20 dB的带宽为600 nm. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 偏振分束器 超宽带 全矢量有限元法     

双芯高双折射光子晶体光纤耦合特性研究

设计了一种双芯高双折射光子晶体光纤,采用多极法（multipole method）和光纤的模式耦合理论研究了光纤的双折射、耦合长度以及色散特性.数值研究发现,对于空气孔节距 Λ=1.2　μm,空气孔直径d=1.0　μm的光纤,在1.55　μm处双折射度为1.24×10^-2;对应x偏振模的耦合长度为21.6　μm,对应y偏振模的耦合长度为24.3　μm. 这种具有高保偏度和极短耦合长度的双芯光子晶体光纤对于微型光子器件的研制具有重 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 双芯 双折射 耦合长度     

光子晶体光纤色散补偿特性的数值研究

利用矢量有效折射率方法对光子晶体光纤（PCF）的色散补偿特性进行了数值模拟，研究发现通过调节光子晶体光纤包层的空气穴节距或空气穴大小可以灵活地设计光子晶体光纤的色散系数D、色散斜率Dslope以及κ值，可以设计在波长1.55μm附近具有较大绝对值的正常色散和负色散斜率的色散补偿光子晶体光纤，使光通信中的普通单模光纤（G.652）或非零色散位移光纤(G.655)在1.55μm低损耗窗口得到较好的色散补偿.数值模拟和分析表明色散补偿光子晶体光纤的研制具有很大的发展潜力. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 色散 色散斜率 色散补偿     

一种四排短轴渐减椭圆空气孔阵列的单模单偏振光子晶体光纤

提出了一种新型的四排短轴渐减椭圆空气孔阵列的单模单偏振光子晶体光纤结构,并以完美匹配层为边界条件采用全矢量有限元方法研究了该光纤的各种特性及其各种参量随入射波长变化规律.研究表明,提出的光子晶体光纤结构是实现更宽带宽、色散平坦、单模单偏振运用的有效方案;在入射光波长为1.550μm时,单模单偏振光子晶体光纤的模式双折射...     

八边形晶格双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器

分别以碲玻璃和SF6玻璃作为基质材料,设计制作了一种基于双折射效应的新型八边形晶格双芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器。应用全矢量有限元法（FEM）分析了碲玻璃和SF6两种双芯光子晶体光纤中结构参数对双折射和相对耦合长度特性的影响,数值模拟了碲玻璃和SF6两种偏振分束器的性能。结果表明：在碲玻璃和SF6两种双芯光子晶体光纤中,增大椭圆率可同时增加结构的双折射和相对耦合长度,与SF6玻璃偏振分束器相比较,碲玻璃偏振分束器具有更高的消光比和更大的带宽,即在工作波长为1.55 μm处,消光比达到最小值-53.46 dB,且消光比小于-20 dB的带宽为120 nm。     

单偏振光子晶体光纤

提出了一种能够在较宽波长范围内保持单偏振的光子晶体光纤,并利用频域有限差分法对其偏振特性进行了数值分析。在孔间距Λ取2.3μm,第一层较大空气孔直径dl取2.4μm,较小空气孔直径ds取1.4μm,包层中其它空气孔的直径d取0.6μm的条件下,这种单偏振光子晶体光纤在1.02-2.0μm波长范围内,保持较高的模式双折射。当较大空气孔直径dl取2.8μm,较小空气孔直径ds取1.4μm时,在1.35-2.0μm波长范围内,仅有一个偏振模能够存在,且波长1.31μm处的模式双折射度达到3.5×10-3。     

渐变空气孔双芯光子晶体光纤特性研究

为进一步开发新型光耦合器件,利用全矢量有限元法和平面波展开法分析了一种包层空气孔直径渐变的双芯光子晶体光纤,得到了其耦合长度、耦合系数以及色散系数随波长和结构参数的变化曲线。数值分析结果表明,与普通包层等空气孔结构光纤不同,此种结构的光子晶体光纤在一个极宽的波长范围内(0.4μm~2.4μm)耦合长度极短,耦合特性极强。当波长位于0.9μm~2.0μm之间时,具有近零超平坦色散特性。这种新型结构的双芯光子晶体光纤在光通信系统和光耦合器件的设计方面具有重要的应用价值。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.