移动场景下无线紫外光通信单次散射路径损耗分析

路径损耗是评估系统传输性能的重要参数,基于非直视非共面紫外光单次散射传输模型,采用遍历微元法对移动场景下无线紫外光通信单次散射路径损耗进行仿真,分析收发端几何参数以及收发节点相对位置变化对系统路径损耗的影响。结果表明:路径损耗在除180°方向外的其余方向上随着接收端移动距离的增大而增大;随着收发仰角增大,路径损耗增大,发射端仰角对路径损耗的影响更为显著;当视场角较大时,发散角变化对路径损耗的影响不大,而视场角的变化在非共面情况且移动距离较大时对路径损耗的影响较为明显,其余情况下则影响不大。     

雾霾天气对紫外光通信的影响

在紫外光传输模型的基础上,基于米散射和瑞利散射理论,分析了大气分子和气溶胶粒子对紫外光的吸收和散射特性.利用蒙特卡洛方法仿真分析了良好、严重雾霾、极严重雾霾三种天气条件下的紫外光通信系统路径损耗和误码率.使用波长为255nm的"日盲"紫外LED及光电倍增管作为收发器件,发射信号采用10kHz和100kHz的方波信号,在三种不同天气情况下进行户外短距离紫外光通信实验.实验结果表明:在通信距离小于100m条件下,随着雾霾污染程度的加重,紫外光直视通信路径损耗逐渐增大,紫外光非直视通信路径损耗逐渐减小.在进行非直视紫外光通信时,发射光功率为0.6mW时,收发端仰角小于20°,通信距离小于40m,通信质量相对较好.     

紫外光移动自组网节点设计及通信性能分析

将无线紫外光通信与移动自组网技术相结合,可以有效扩展无线紫外光通信范围。基于空分复用原理设计一种收发一体的紫外光移动自组网通信节点装置,给出通信节点间捕获、对准、跟踪(APT)的方法,仿真分析捕获所需时间与节点转速之间的关系。基于非直视紫外光通信理论,用蒙特卡罗方法仿真分析设计节点中2节点间通过开关键控(OOK)调制、误码率为10~(-5)时的传输码速率。户外非直视紫外光通信实验结果表明,实验获得的码速率曲线与仿真结果具有相同的趋势。当发射功率为50 mW、非直视通信的最大偏转角设定为6°、误码率为10~(-5)时,发射端传输码速率可达1.64×10~6 Baud·s~(-1)。     

非直视紫外光在非共面通信系统中的脉冲展宽效应

大气分子和气溶胶颗粒对紫外光具有强烈的散射作用,以紫外光作为信息载体可实现非直视通信。研究紫外光通信中的脉冲展宽效应对于减小码间干扰、提高系统传输速率具有重要意义。基于蒙特卡罗方法建立了非直视紫外光在非共面通信系统中的多次散射传播模型,利用此模型模拟了发射端出射的紫外光经多次散射到达接收端的全过程。结果表明,非直视紫外光在非共面通信系统中的脉冲响应的半峰全宽随着发射端和接收端仰角、接收端偏转角的增大而增大;多次散射对脉冲展宽的贡献随着发射端和接收端仰角增大而增大;采用开关键控调制方式,系统可传输的最大码速率随发射端和接收端仰角的增大而减小。     

大气信道紫外光通信系统通信距离的增程方法

介绍了紫外光大气传输理论和非直视单散射模型.在此模型基础上,针对紫外光通信系统的结构设计对信道能量损耗的影响进行了理论上的定性分析.对不同天气、不同通信模式、不同几何结构参量条件下,大气信道所产生的能量损耗进行了定量仿真.仿真结果表明:能量衰减随通信距离的增加而增大;不同能见度条件下,能量衰减随通信距离的递增程度不同,能见度越高能量衰减越小,可实现的通信距离越远;通信距离随发射仰角的减小而增加,随接收仰角的减小而增加,且发射仰角对通信距离的影响程度大于接收仰角;通信距离随发射束散角的增加而增加,随接收视场角的减小而增加,且接收视场角对通信距离的影响程度远大于发射束散角.     

大气信道紫外光通信系统通信距离的增程方法

介绍了紫外光大气传输理论和非直视单散射模型.在此模型基础上,针对紫外光通信系统的结构设计对信道能量损耗的影响进行了理论上的定性分析.对不同天气、不同通信模式、不同几何结构参量条件下,大气信道所产生的能量损耗进行了定量仿真.仿真结果表明:能量衰减随通信距离的增加而增大;不同能见度条件下,能量衰减随通信距离的递增程度不同,能见度越高能量衰减越小,可实现的通信距离越远;通信距离随发射仰角的减小而增加,随接收仰角的减小而增加,且发射仰角对通信距离的影响程度大于接收仰角;通信距离随发射束散角的增加而增加,随接收视场角的减小而增加,且接收视场角对通信距离的影响程度远大于发射束散角.     

海洋矿物质颗粒对水下量子通信信道性能的影响

海洋矿物质颗粒是影响光子在水下传输的重要因素之一.为了研究海洋矿物质颗粒对水下量子通信信道性能的影响,建立了海洋矿物质颗粒群密度、传输距离与链路衰减的关系模型并进行了仿真.针对退极化信道,研究了矿物质颗粒群密度和传输距离与信道容量、信道误码率的关系并进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,当传输距离为50 m时,随着矿物质颗粒群密度的增大,链路衰减由0.098 dB增加到2.92 dB,链路效率由6.2×10-6减小到2.7×10-7.当矿物质颗粒群密度为1.0×104 m-3时,随着传输距离的增加,信道容量由0.97逐渐减小到0.6,误码率呈指数增大.由此可见,消光效应造成的影响在传输过程中不可忽略,在实际通信过程中,应根据环境情况及时调整传输设备的参数,保证通信质量.     

基于粒子谱分布的无线紫外光通信散射传输特性研究

在非直视无线紫外光通信中,利用大气中的粒子对紫外光进行散射作用来传递信息,非直视紫外光通信在近距离隐蔽通信中有广阔的应用前景。雾霾粒子属于气溶胶范畴,由空气中的灰尘、硫化物、有机碳氢化合物等粒子组成。雾霾粒子的尺度、浓度、形状等因素均会对无线紫外光散射通信的传输特性产生较大的影响。首先,基于蒙特卡罗方法建立了非直视紫外光多次散射模型,将霾粒子的半径和浓度这两个物理量引入该模型中,通过模拟大量光子在雾霾条件下经多次散射到达接收端的概率,进而仿真分析了系统路径损耗与粒子半径和浓度之间的关系。结果表明,(1) 在无线紫外光近距离通信条件下,雾霾浓度越大,路径损耗越小,系统通信性能越好;(2) 通信距离大于500 m时,增加雾霾粒子浓度,系统路径损耗总体先减小再增大;(3) 在粒子浓度一定情况下,增大粒子半径,路径损耗先减小后增大,且随着通信距离的增大,路径损耗极小值的位置不断向粒子半径小的一侧移动。其次,在模型中引入粒子尺度谱分布的概念,对粒子尺度谱分布进行分割,分别求出不同粒径及其所对应浓度。假定粒子尺度谱分布中不同粒径的粒子依次对光子产生散射作用,对相应光子到达接收端的概率求和,得到光子到达接收端的总概率,进而求得多种粒径的粒子共同存在情况下系统的路径损耗,使仿真模型更加逼近实际大气信道中多种半径雾霾粒子共同存在的事实。最后,搭建实验平台,分别在良好、严重雾霾、极严重雾霾三种不同天气条件下,实验测量了系统路径损耗和通信距离、收发仰角之间的关系,并与考虑粒子尺度谱分布模型中计算得到的路径损耗进行对比,实验数据与仿真结果趋势一致,雾霾天气下的通信质量优于良好天气,收发仰角越大对应的路径损耗也越大。     

星-地量子密钥分发链路持续时间分析与仿真

链路持续时间是影响卫星量子密钥分发量子比特率的重要参数.文章分析了影响星-地单光子和纠缠光子量子密钥分发链路持续时间的若干因素,并且进行了数值仿真研究.结果表明,随着轨道高度的增加或者地面最小通信仰角的减小,单光子和纠缠光子链路的持续时间有较大的改善;单光子链路时地面站同卫星星下点轨迹间的距离和纠缠光子链路时两地面站之间的距离也均是影响链路持续时间的重要参数;纠缠光子链路持续时间的影响因素较单光子链路更为复杂,其最终决定于卫星星下点轨迹同两地面站之间的位置关系.     

“日盲”紫外光通信网络中节点覆盖范围研究

Ad Hoc网络技术可以大大扩展紫外光散射通信的有效范围,对通信节点覆盖范围模型的研究非常重要;针对"日盲"波段(200～280nm)紫外光通信的特点及Ad Hoc网络中固有的一些特性,研究了非视距(non-line-of-sight)紫外光散射通信的三种通信方式,分析了单次散射信道中大气传输衰减,有效散射体体积,接收功率;根据单次散射数学信道模型中收发仰角的不同,得到三种不同的通信模型,并在此基础上建立了"日盲"紫外光通信网络中节点覆盖范围模型,并分析计算了三种通信方式下节点通信距离和覆盖范围;给出了紫外光散射通信网络中不同通信方式下通信节点覆盖范围的具体公式和计算方法。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.