基于Cu50的精确温度测量系统

在基于热电阻的温度测量过程中,由于元器件差异和漂移的影响,会大大降低温度测量准确度;针对这一问题,提出了一种自校正技术的4电阻测量法,通过比较4组测量信号的相对大小来求得被测热电阻的电阻值,进而计算出温度值;该方法的优点是可以抵消测量电路中漂移和元器件差异的影响,从而实现在不同的温度环境下的高精度的温度测量;通过计量炉的实测的数据比较,测量误差小于0.063℃,表明了该方法的有效性和正确性。     

微弱信号检测技术在超导电阻测量方面的应用

随着近年来超导技术应用范围的不断扩大,超导技术的影响已经波及到了各个学科领域.本文通过对超导电阻特性的分析研究,提出了一种基于微弱信号检测的超导体电阻测量的新方案.利用高性能DSP芯片,软件实现了超导体电阻的测量;利用单片机配合双积分A/D转换器测量超导体的环境温度.实验表明,本测量系统可有效地检测微弱的超导电阻信号,本系统充分显示出了自身在超导体电阻测量等微弱信号检测方面的优越性.     

基于STM32的建筑物接地电阻检测仪的研制

针对目前建筑物接地电阻检测装置存在的缺陷,提出一种基于STM32的建筑物接地电阻检测的系统方案。该方案根据三极补偿原理,采用嵌入式系统控制的主从机软硬件实现接地电阻的精确测量。检测系统包括交流合成、信号采集和数据处理三部分。检测系统由STM32控制产生频率精度高、波形稳定的交流电流注入接地网,对地网中的电压电流信号经带通滤波、差分放大、同步AD转换、FFT处理得到精确地接地电阻值。本检测系统能够提高检测精度以及检测效率,实现检测工作的智能化。     

双同轴电缆差分传输方式对干扰的抑制作用

传输线对信号的无失真传输是超宽带测量系统准确获得待测波形和量值的前提之一。基于带宽、功率容量、损耗、屏蔽性能、尺寸等诸多因素,在超宽带测量系统中经常选用同轴电缆作为传输线。指出采用单根同轴电缆传输信号时会引入干扰,分析了干扰形成的原因,通过数值模拟确认了干扰的存在和危害;提出采用两根共地同轴电缆共同传输信号并进行差分处理,可以有效消除传输线引入的干扰,分析了干扰消除的过程和原理,将原数值模拟模型中的单同轴电缆替换为双同轴电缆进行仿真计算,对比验证了双同轴电缆差分传输方式对干扰的有效抑制作用;对双同轴电缆差分传输结构进行了实验测试,结果表明,单根同轴电缆会引入较大的干扰信号,通过两根同轴电缆的共地连接、差分处理,可以有效消除干扰,达到高保真传输要求。     

Rogowski线圈信号电阻对纳秒级脉冲大电流的响应

 研制了一种自积分型Rogowski线圈,从电路理论和电路仿真角度分析了信号电阻的寄生电感和线圈对地电容对测量信号的影响。采用电阻并联的方法,制作了小电感信号电阻。在定标和大电流测量实验中,小电感信号电阻的使用,消除了测量信号的平顶振荡和波形畸变,验证了理论分析的正确性。经定标,采用小电感信号电阻的Rogowski线圈对方波脉冲前沿的响应为11 ns,灵敏度为4.25 mV·A-1。该线圈性能稳定,已用于测量长脉冲强流电子束加速器二极管的电流,测得的电流波型平顶较好,半高脉宽为180 ns,幅度约为15.36 kA。     

基于铂电阻的温度测量仪的设计与实现

针对大亚湾中微子实验中,需要精确测量掺钆液闪温度的问题,设计并实现了一种基于铂电阻的分布式温度测量仪。该测量仪可以同时测量多点的温度,并将测量结果通过网络传输到数据服务器中,从而实现远程在线监测。为解决器件温漂带来的误差问题,该文采用了3电阻测量法的自校正技术,通过比较3组测量信号的相对大小来求得被测热电阻的电阻值,进而计算出温度值。通过计量炉的实测的数据比较,测量误差小于0.059℃, 满足测量精度需求。     

一种时间分辨激光诱导击穿光谱的测量方法

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)是一种动态光谱。时间分辨LIBS光谱测量是研究激光诱导等离子体演化和谱线自吸收的重要技术。结合激光诱导击穿光谱测量的时序特性,提出一种利用常规性能光谱探测设备获得微秒级时间分辨LIBS光谱的测量方法。通过控制毫秒级光谱探测设备的积分延迟时间,获得不同延时下的LIBS光谱信号,对所得光谱进行处理得到相应特征谱线拟合强度,将所测的特征谱线强度按照一定的时间间隔进行差分,得到差值即为差分间隔时间内特征谱线的积分强度。采用差分时间间隔应大于系统最差时序精度,同时优选无重叠干扰和背底连续的谱线信号进行分析。以等离子体产生后持续时间为横坐标,计算所得谱线差值强度为纵坐标,即可获得特征谱线的强度演化曲线。通过实验验证,使用积分时间为毫秒量级光谱仪和时序精度为0.021微秒控制系统,该方法可以实现微秒量级时间分辨LIBS光谱测量,可用于表征LIBS光谱特征谱线演化过程,降低了LIBS光谱时间分辨测量系统成本。     

基于脉冲计数的零相位差跳变补偿外差干涉信号处理方法

在基于脉冲计数的外差干涉信号处理中,提出了一种零相位差跳变补偿的大小数相位结合处理方法,可实现外差干涉信号处理中大小数的准确结合。大数测量采用对两路干涉信号进行脉冲计数同步对减的方法实现,小数测量采用混频降频方法来提高测量分辨率,并采用锁相环对拍频信号跟踪产生用于混频降频的动态基准信号,解决外差信号拍频变化的问题,以提高小数测量分辨率的稳定性。基于信号发生器对实现的外差干涉信号处理方法进行了验证,包括测量精度、大数计数、小数相位测量。构建了双通外差干涉位移测量光路,通过对精密导轨位移的测量来验证大小数结合处理方法的有效性和信号处理方法在外差干涉位移测量应用中的可行性。     

高清视频VGA模拟差分信号的远距离传输系统设计

为利用低成本UTP双绞线实现高清VGA模拟视频信号的远距离传输,完成了VGA模拟差分信号的远距离传输系统的设计及实现。在发送端,通过差分驱动芯片AD8147对信号进行驱动;在接收端,采用差分接收和均衡器AD8123芯片对信号进行均衡和补偿,恢复原始视频信号。实验证明,该系统可以在CAT-5e类UTP双绞线上实现最大距离300m、720P分辨率的高清VGA模拟视频信号的远距离传输,传输后的视频图像清晰、色彩饱满。     

基于PXI总线的24通道高精度铂热电阻模拟板设计

针对市场上现有模拟铂热电阻的不足,使用数字电位器和精密电阻设计了一款基于PXI总线的24通道高精度铂热电阻模拟板——PXI5440;依据误差传递原理对设计进行了误差分析,结果表明:更换精密电阻可调整铂热电阻输出范围,但不影响其输出精度;输出电阻越大,数字电位器步长对输出电阻精度的影响将减小,输出电阻的绝对误差将减小;同时,给出了软件驱动函数算法,实际测量结果,证明了设计思路的正确性,理论的正确性;本产品同市场上现有产品相比,其具有价格低、通道个数多及精度高等优点。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.