舌诊归一化反射光谱用于红细胞数无创测量

利用舌诊归一化反射光谱对人体血液中红细胞总数(RBC)进行了无创检测研究.采集240名志愿者舌尖反射光谱并进行反射率归一化同时用数码相机记录志愿者舌象.将样本分为两组:校正集和预测集,以血液成分含量生化分析值为参考,建立红细胞总数与光谱数据的偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)预测模型.所建模型的相关系数为0.991,用所建模型...     

动态光谱法用于人体血红蛋白浓度的无创测量

为了实现血液成分的无创检测,利用动态光谱指端透射法进行了人体血红蛋白浓度无创测量的研究。对34名健康志愿者进行了在体测量动态光谱和抽血分析血红蛋白含量,在验证了动态光谱的可靠性的基础上,选用BP神经网络对获取的动态光谱数据和血红蛋白浓度实测值进行建模分析,从34个样本中抽取19个作为校正集,另外15个作为预测集,得到校正集和预测集的相关系数分别为0.983 1和0.936 5,预测集的相对误差最大为7.5%,平均相对误差为3.04%,满足临床应用对血红蛋白测量精度的要求。结果表明： 动态光谱法可以有效的克服测量位置等测量条件对光谱测量的影响,较准确地进行人体血红蛋白浓度的测量,是一种比较好的血液成分无创测量方法。     

基于舌诊NIR反射光谱血清总蛋白含量的无创测量

采用舌诊近红外反射光谱对人体血清总蛋白(TP)含量进行无创检测。采集58例舌尖反射光谱进行反射率归一化并记录相对应的血清总蛋白生化分析值,将样本分为训练集和预测集,运用主成分分析结合BP神经网络法和偏最小二乘算法分别建立预测模型。主成分分析结合BP神经网络模型对预测集进行预测,平均相对误差为7.35%,均方根误差为3.069 1 g·L-1,相关系数为0.902 1。偏最小二乘模型对预测集进行预测,平均相对误差为4.77%,均方根误差为0.130 1 g·L-1,相关系数为0.971 8。实验结果证实了舌诊近红外反射光谱可以较为准确地用于总蛋白含量的无创检测。     

基于舌近红外反射光谱的人体血清多种蛋白含量无创测量

探讨一种基于近红外反射光谱的人体血清白蛋白、球蛋白和总蛋白三种生化指标的无创检测方法。采集58例志愿者舌尖处近红外反射光谱,考虑这些光谱数据与血清蛋白浓度间因个体差异等存在非线性映射关系,在计算归一化光谱反射率及分析样本蛋白含量统计分布上,采用支持向量机分别建立三种蛋白成分近红外光谱定量回归模型,并与传统的偏最小二乘法进行比较。实验结果表明,支持向量机校正模型的预测效果较好且明显优于偏最小二乘法校正模型,对白蛋白、球蛋白和总蛋白的预测相关系数分别达到0.894,0.931和0.863,预测的均方误差为2.19,1.93和4.38。因此,支持向量机可有效抵抗活体检测定量分析中存在的非线性因素,提高模型的鲁棒性。同时也表明舌的近红外光谱信息能够较客观的反映人体理化指标的变化,用于血清蛋白含量的快速无创检测具有较高的可行性。     

拉曼光谱结合偏最小二乘法测定血清胆固醇含量

以日常体检用血清样品为分析对象,采集了其拉曼光谱,波数范围为250～2 400cm-1,并对信号进行归属,与临床传统生化法测定得到的胆固醇含量对比,结合偏最小二乘法建立了血清胆固醇拉曼光谱定量模型(n=73)。结果表明,拉曼光谱能够表征血清中主要化学基团的信息。所建立的血清胆固醇定量校正模型的相关系数R为0.909 6,交叉验证校正标准差(RMSECV)为0.24;检验集(n=17)预测标准差(RMSEP)为0.69,相关系数r为0.926 2。证明了应用拉曼光谱技术结合偏最小二乘法建立血清胆固醇定量模型,用于未知血清样品胆固醇含量无损快速检测是可行的。     

近红外光谱法快速检测猪肉中挥发性盐基氮的含量

为了实现快速无损地检测猪肉新鲜度的目的,应用近红外光谱法测定猪肉新鲜度重要指标一挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)的含量.猪肉原始光谱经标准偏差归一化方法(SNV)预处理后,用联合区间偏最小二乘法(siPLS)建立猪肉预处理后光谱和TVB-N含量的校正模型并与经典偏最小二乘法(PLS)模型、间隔偏最小二乘法(iPLS)模型作比较.试验结果表明,利用联合区间偏最小二乘法所建的预测模型最佳,其校正集相关系数(Rc)和交瓦验证均方根误差(fRv)分别为0.8332和3.75,预测集的相关系数(Rp)和预测均方根误差(fRP)分别为0.8238和4.17.研究结果表明利用近红外光谱和联合区间偏最小二乘法可以快速地测定猪肉中挥发性盐基氮的含量.     

近红外漫反射光谱法定量分析连翘药材

利用近红外漫反射光谱技术和偏最小二乘法定量分析了连翘药材中连翘苷与连翘酯苷的含量。所建立校正模型内部交叉验证均方差(RMSEC)分别为0.327、0.273,交叉验证决定系数分别为0.968、0.978。利用该模型对10份未知样品进行预测,预测值和参考值之间的相关系数分别为0.929、0.986,预测均方差(RMSEP)分别为0.421、0.260,该法具有准确、快速、不破坏样品等优点。     

橡胶添加剂瓦斯炭黑的太赫兹光谱定量研究

瓦斯炭黑是橡胶中重要的添加剂之一,其含量对橡胶性能有重要的影响。丁腈橡胶是工业生产中应用比较广泛的合成橡胶,研究丁腈橡胶中瓦斯炭黑的含量具有重要意义。利用太赫兹时域光谱技术,对八种不同含量瓦斯炭黑与丁腈橡胶组成的混合物样本中的瓦斯炭黑含量进行测试,获取了混合物样本在0.3~1.4 THz频段的吸收光谱数据。分别利用偏最小二乘(PLS)和支持向量回归(SVR)建立混合物中瓦斯炭黑的定量分析模型,使用均匀梯度法来选择模型的校正集和预测集,获得瓦斯炭黑预测集的相关系数与均方根误差。偏最小二乘模型相关系数与均方根误差分别为0.985 8和2.098 9%,支持向量回归模型相关系数与均方根误差分别为0.998 0和0.785 4%。实验结果表明,支持向量回归定量分析模型的预测结果优于偏最小二乘模型。为进一步证明支持向量回归模型的稳定性,多次使用随机选择法选择它的校正集和预测集,并求得其相关系数与均方根误差。结果表明,无论是利用均匀梯度法还是随机选择法对支持向量回归定量分析模型的校正集和预测集进行选择,求得的相关系数和均方根误差均优于偏最小二乘模型。     

小波变换提高动态光谱法血液成分无创检测的精度

光谱采集过程中的各种时变噪声影响了动态光谱法血液成分无创检测定量校正模型的精度。该文采用小波变换法,在脉搏频段内对指端投射光谱的时域吸光度波形聚焦,提高了动态光谱数据的信噪比和血液成分含量定量校正模型的精度。对同一个体连续采集10次光谱数据,引入小波变换去噪后动态光谱数据的平均相关系数r自0.979 6提升至0.990 3。对110名志愿者进行血常规体检和指端透射光谱采集,建立动态光谱数据与血糖浓度生化分析值之间的神经网络模型,在引入小波变换去噪后,预测集相关系数自0.6774提升至0.846 8,平均相对误差自15.8%下降至5.3%。实验表明,引入小波变换可以有效地去除动态光谱数据中的噪声,提高定量校正模型的精度,推动了动态光谱法无创血液成分检测的发展。     

基于漫透射光谱技术的番茄可溶性固形物及总糖含量的无损检测

为了满足果蔬品质快速安全无损检测,基于可见-近红外漫透射原理,设计了番茄专用环形光源,自行搭建了番茄可见-近红外漫透射多品质检测系统,并以可溶性固形物含量(SSC)和总糖(TS)作为内部品质指标,对58个番茄样品进行了快速无损检测研究。基于自主搭建的系统对每个番茄进行四点的光谱采集,对平均后的光谱分别用15点SG卷积平滑(SG-Smooth)、标准正态变量变换(SNV)、多元散射校正(MSC)、一阶导数(FD)等方法进行了预处理,分别建立了SSC及TS的偏最小二乘预测模型,并对该模型进行了验证。结果表明：采用15点SG平滑预处理后的SSC预测模型校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.995 6和0.976 0,均方根误差分别为0.052 4°Brix和0.082 3°Brix。采用SG平滑后一阶导数预处理的TS预测模型校正集和预测集相关系数分别为0.969 1和0.972 9,均方根误差分别为0.423 8%和0.454 9%。模型验证结果显示,番茄SSC和TS模型预测结果与标准理化值相关系数分别为0.985 5和0.944 9,均方根误差分别为0.066 3°Brix和0.571 5%。利用自行搭建的可见-近红外漫透射光谱检测系统完全可以实现番茄可溶性固形物及总糖含量的快速无损预测,为番茄内部品质的评价提供了实时、无损、快速的检测方法,为其在线分级提供理论基础。     

Speckle characteristics of a broad-area VCSEL in the incoherent emission regime

We present a technique to reduce the speckle contrast of a NIR broad-area VCSEL based on the spatially incoherent emission regime that can be obtained when using the proper driving conditions. We evaluate the efficiency of this technique to reduce the speckle contrast by comparing it with the speckle characteristics in multimode emission under cw operation. Depending on the illumination setup, the incoherent emission regime can lead to a strongly reduced speckle contrast down to 1.3%. This is in agreement with estimates of the expected speckle contrast reduction when three contrast reducing effects are taken into account. These low contrast values make the investigated sources attractive for several applications that suffer from speckle noise.     

XYZ particles at Belle

In this paper, I review recent progress in the study of the XYZ particles at Belle. I only focus on studies with charmonium and one or more light mesons in the final states. This covers the X(3872), X(3915),Y(4140), X(4350), and the charged Z states.     

Optical transmission through an interface between subwavelength slits

This paper studies optical transmission through an interface between two slits with different widths in a sheet composed of an ideal conductor. Such a structure is of potential use in fabricating optical diode and may be the simplest one compared to other designs. Our calculations show that there is a critical wavelength. When the light wavelength is below the critical wavelength, the transmissivity is unidirectional. The expression of the stable transmissivity as a function of the ratio of the widths of the two slits was obtained analytically. Particularly, at the critical wavelength, the transmissivities are zero. This phenomenon has great potential for application in the manufacture of wavelength blockers.     

Beyond the LAN: Ethernet’s Evolution into the Public Network

This article details the evolution of Ethernet into Gigabit Ethernet and how this LAN-based technology has undergone major transformations over time. From its data rates and distances to supported media and functionality, Ethernet has greatly improved, enabling it to surmount many of its former limitations and in so doing to expand beyond the LAN into the MAN and now even the WAN. In this article, Pioneer Consulting explores the evolution further by focusing on some of the major technological directions in the Ethernet equipment industry.     

带有碳杂质的钨中氢稳定性的第一性原理研究

应用第一性原理计算方法研究了碳(C)原子对钨(W)中氢(H)原子稳定性的影响. 本征W中, 当C-H间距离为～2.5 Å时, H的溶解能出现最低值, 此时为H最稳定的位置. W中存在空位时, 由于C的影响, H占据的最佳电子密度面值为0.10 Å^-3. 研究发现, W中单空位最多能容纳10个H原子, 且不能形成H分子, 不同于没有C存在的情况, 表明C对W中H稳定性存在很大影响. 此外, 当两个C原子存在于空位中时, H占据的最佳电子密度面值变为0.13 Å^-3.     

Grain boundary potential and charge density at grain boundaries of chemically prepared thin silver sulfide films

The grain boundary potential and interface state charge density at the grain boundaries of silver sulfide (Ag₂S) thin films prepared by chemical conversion of cadmium sulfide (CdS) films have been determined from the dc resistance of the material and are found to be sensitive to annealing. A reduction in the grain boundary potential and the grain boundary charge density of the film has been noticed when the source CdS film is annealed at different temperatures prior to chemical conversion. The variation in the grain boundary charge density of the grown Ag₂S film with source annealing temperature has been found to be similar to that of thin cadmium sulfide film, reported earlier. An additional low temperature heat treatment of the sample results in an enhancement in the charge density at the grain boundaries. The change in the silver vacancy and/or oxygen and sulfur content of the films as revealed from the energy dispersive spectra of the films suggests possible role of film composition on the grain boundary charge density.     

Effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on photoluminescence properties of ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films

We report a study on the SHI induced modifications on structural and optical properties of ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical route using 2-mercaptoethanol as a capping agent. The structure of ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD, SEM and TEM. These ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in the PMMA matrix to form ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films by the solution cast method. These ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films were then irradiated by swift heavy ion irradiation (Ni⁸⁺ ion beam, 100 MeV) at a fluence of 1×10¹¹ ions/cm². The nanocomposite films were then characterized by XRD, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. As revealed from the absorption spectra, absorption edge is not changed by the irradiation but the optical absorption is increased. Enhanced green luminescence at about 527 nm and a less intense blue emission peak around 460 nm were observed after irradiation with respect to the pristine ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite film.     

Reflections from polished single mode fiber ends

Abstract

The performance of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with optical cross-connects (OXCs) and in the presence of polarization and nonlinear effects was analyzed. We determined the effect of PMD and PDL; nonlinearity such as XPM, SPM, and FWM; and CD on the system performance. We found that the system outage probability is highest at DGD threshold for the respective maximum eye closure (EC). We showed that the allowable DGD depends on the time slot for one bit T, which is the inverse of the network bit rate. Wider T is more immune to large PMD with the EC still maintained at the same level since DGD/T is unchanged. Our analysis also indicated that as DGD increases, BER increases. The BER also increases with increase in PDL and further increases with the presence of XPM, SPM, FWM, and CD.     

The Effects of Polarization and Non-Linearity on the Performance of WDM System with Optical Cross-Connects

The performance of a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system with optical cross-connects (OXCs) and in the presence of polarization and nonlinear effects was analyzed. We determined the effect of PMD and PDL; nonlinearity such as XPM, SPM, and FWM; and CD on the system performance. We found that the system outage probability is highest at DGD threshold for the respective maximum eye closure (EC). We showed that the allowable DGD depends on the time slot for one bit T, which is the inverse of the network bit rate. Wider T is more immune to large PMD with the EC still maintained at the same level since DGD/T is unchanged. Our analysis also indicated that as DGD increases, BER increases. The BER also increases with increase in PDL and further increases with the presence of XPM, SPM, FWM, and CD.     

Radial excitation states of η and η′ in the chiral quark model

A chiral quark model is applied to calculate the spectra of pseudoscalar mesons η and η . By analyzing the obtained spectra, we find that the mesons η (2 1 S 0 ), η(4 1 S 0 ), η (3 1 S 0 ) and η (4 1 S 0 ) are the possible candidates of η(1760), X(1835), X(2120) and X(2370). The strong decay widths of these pseudoscalars to all the possible two-body decay channels are calculated within the framework of the 3 P 0 model. Although the total width of η (21S0 ) is compatible with the BES Collaboration’s experimental value for η(1760), the partial decay width to ωω is too small, which is not consistent with the BES result. If X(1835) is interpreted as η(4 1 S 0 ), the total decay width is compatible with the experimental data, and the main decay modes will be πa 0 (980) and πa 0 (1450), which needs to be checked experimentally. The assignment of X(2120) and X(2370) to η (31S0 ) and η (41S0 ) is disfavored in the present calculation because of the incompatibility of the decay widths.