阳加速器钨丝阵内爆软X光功率辐射特性

介绍了在阳加速器上进行的系列W丝阵Z箍缩物理实验,实验中阳加速器Marx充电电压60 kV,负载电流输出0.85~1.00 MA,电流上升时间75~90 ns（10%~90%）;进行软X光辐射功率测量的主要仪器是软X光闪烁体功率计,其核心部件为对50~1800 eV X光具有平响应特性的蓝光闪烁体。给出了系列W丝阵Z箍缩实验软X光辐射功率测量结果,从软X光辐射输出随丝阵负载参数（包括丝阵直径、长度、丝数）变化关系讨论了钨丝阵内爆辐射特性,给出了阳加速器上各负载参数优化的结果:丝阵直径Ф8 mm,丝阵长度15 mm,丝数24。同时对软X光辐射的空间分布特性进行了初步的探讨,给出了辐射功率在负载的轴向和径向的分布。     

PTS装置Z箍缩负载设计分析

介绍了PTS装置丝阵负载设计思路,用简化的薄壳模型(零维)和辐射磁流体力学模型(一维)数值模拟了丝阵Z箍缩内爆过程,给出了PTS丝阵负载设计参数,分析了初步优化结果,确定了优化选择的箍缩常数.经脉冲功率驱动器与负载优化匹配设计,PTS实验平台能够获得100TW量级的X射线功率,最佳插头能量转换效率10%.预计PTS实验平台的X射线输出能力基本达到Saturn装置长脉冲模式放电的水平.结果将为PTS开展Z箍缩研究提供有价值的参考. 关键词： PTS装置 Z箍缩丝阵负载 零维薄壳模型 一维辐射磁流体力学数值模拟     

Z箍缩内爆等离子体双层丝阵负载设计的物理分析

实验证实双层金属丝阵负载Z箍缩内爆等离子体产生的X光辐射源,与单层丝阵负载相比可以提高40%的功率。为了优化Z装置上双层丝阵负载实验方案的设计,从内爆动力学过程和Rayle igh-Taylor(RT)不稳定性发展过程进行了理论分析。分析表明:双层丝阵负载实验不会提高X光辐射的总能量,但可以明显地提高辐射功率;双层丝阵的外半径应与单层丝阵负载优化方案的半径相一致;双层丝阵内、外层质量的选取应以优化的单层丝阵内爆到心时间为标准;内层丝阵置于外层丝阵半径的正中位置上,更有利于抑制RT不稳定性。     

Z箍缩内爆的MARED程序1维模拟分析

 研制可靠的数值模拟工具对Z箍缩内爆产生X光辐射过程进行理论研究、实验分析以及负载设计至关重要。介绍了2维三温辐射磁流体力学程序（MARED）的物理方案,给出了MARED程序的1维检验结果,验证表明MARED程序适用不同装置条件、不同负载参数。结合丝阵Z箍缩实验的数值模拟和分析表明：相同负载质量条件下,钨丝阵内爆产生的X光辐射功率远大于铝丝阵产生的X光功率;相同负载电流条件下,负载质量越大,计算得到X光功率越低;X光功率随着负载电流增加而增加。     

“强光一号”Al丝阵Z箍缩产生K层辐射实验研究

在“强光一号”加速器开展了Al丝阵Z箍缩产生K层辐射的实验研究,固定Al丝线径20 μm、丝阵直径12 mm,丝根数为8和12的负载获得K层产额分别为0.9 kJ/cm和1.1 kJ/cm,明显高于16和24根丝负载.辐射功率波形和时间分辨的X射线图像显示,低丝数负载存在拖尾质量引起的多次内爆现象.在60%—80%的内爆时间内,丝阵几乎停留在初始位置;主体内爆在随后的25—30 ns内完成,将部分等离子体留在初始位置,形成质量的拖尾分布;内爆后期驱动电流向外围的拖尾质量迁移,引 关键词： Al丝阵 Z箍缩 K层辐射')" href="#">K层辐射 拖尾质量     

Z箍缩等离子体内爆X光辐射功率角分布

 在Z箍缩实验中,利用ST1432红光闪烁体、多模石英光纤探头和大电流光电倍增管探测器等研究了丝阵等离子体内爆过程中沿轴向与径向不同方位角的X光辐射功率分布。采用的负载为单层钨丝阵和单层铝丝阵,驱动电流1.5～1.8 MA,上升时间60～90 ns。实验结果表明:Z箍缩等离子体X光辐射强度有轴向和径向分布不均匀性;单层钨丝阵轴向X光辐射强度大于径向辐射强度;单层铝丝阵径向X光辐射强度大于轴向辐射强度。     

中俄Z-pinch联合实验新进展

在Angara-5-1装置Z-pinch实验中,研究了双层丝阵内爆动力学模式和动态黑腔,获得高产额X射线辐射能量和功率,X射线辐射功率达5.6 TW,泡沫X射线辐射温度达63 eV,本文给出主要实验设计方法和结果. 关键词： Z箍缩 双层丝阵 X射线辐射 动态黑腔     

用X-pinch对双丝Z箍缩进行轴向X射线背光照相

利用PPG-1脉冲电流源(400 kA, 100 ns), 同时驱动X-pinch和双丝Z箍缩负载. 用X-pinch作为X射线源, 对双丝Z箍缩进行了轴向背光照相的初步实验. 得到了双丝Z箍缩在r-θ 平面上随时间演化的图像, 观察到了丝阵Z箍缩所有早期过程, 包括丝芯膨胀、冕层等离子体产生、等离子体向丝阵中心的运动、先驱等离子体形成. 利用阶跃光楔滤片, 对上述背光图像进行了等离子体质量面密度的标定, 首次得到了在r-θ平面上双丝Z箍缩等离子体质量面密度的时空分布图像.     

Z箍缩内爆产生的电磁脉冲辐射

讨论了Z箍缩内爆产生的低频电磁脉冲的辐射特性. Z箍缩驱动金属丝阵或固体套筒高速内爆,部分磁能通过与负载的运动耦合而向外辐射. 理论结果表明,电磁脉冲辐射功率由电流和内爆轨迹共同决定. 在中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所的初级实验平台上开展了负载电流为7 MA,10%–90%上升时间65 ns的丝阵Z箍缩实验,根据实验测得的电流和内爆轨迹得到了电磁脉冲的辐射功率和频谱. 电磁脉冲峰值功率约为1 GW,能量约为0.5 J,能量转换效率约为10^-7;峰值频率位于20–70 MHz,具有较宽的辐射频谱. 电磁脉冲辐射参数远小于软X射线辐射参数（峰值功率为50 TW,能量为0.5 MJ）. 在弱相对论条件下,电磁脉冲辐射功率近似地正比于电流的6次方,随电流急剧增大. 软X射线辐射是丝阵Z箍缩过程中的主要能量转换形式,本文的研究结论表明,在更高的驱动电流下,电磁脉冲辐射将提供另一种重要的能量转换途径,势必会对诊断设备造成严重影响;此外,这类强电磁脉冲在其他领域也具有潜在的应用价值. 关键词： Z箍缩 内爆 电磁脉冲     

S-300装置铝丝阵内爆X光辐射特性

 零维模型负载优化设计制作的单层和双层铝丝阵负载,在俄罗斯S-300强流发生器上,利用“狭缝+闪烁体+光电探测器”X光功率测量系统对X光辐射特性参数进行了诊断。实验获得单层丝阵负载的辐射功率为(0.31±0.19) TW,辐射总能量为(16.93±7.45) kJ,脉宽为(18.41±5.00) ns;双层丝阵负载的辐射功率为(0.37±0.12) TW,辐射总能量为(16.40±3.99) kJ,脉宽为(13.45±3.50) ns。实验结果表明,双层丝阵负载辐射功率高于单层19.4%,信号脉宽窄4.96 ns。     

单层丝阵负载Z箍缩内爆辐射特性研究

在电流3—4MA的Angara-5-1脉冲装置上进行了单层钨丝阵Z箍缩实验,利用具有坪响应的X射线功率谱仪获得X射线功率,利用X射线纳秒分幅相机获得等离子体内爆辐射区图像.在丝阵直径相同时,实验得到较细的丝直径使得内爆较早,收缩比较大;较大的丝间隙使得内爆早期丝间等离子体不能有效的融合,而是较孤立的等离子体簇向内箍缩;较大的丝直径和丝间隙导致不稳定性波长较大.在丝阵直径不同,丝直径相当时,实验得到较大的丝阵直径内爆启动较早,具有较大的内爆速度,但等离子体在内爆过程中较分散.另外,较大的丝直径和丝阵直径使X射线辐射脉冲时间较宽.     

X-ray observations of tungsten wire array Z-pinch implosions on QiangGuang-1 facility

Z-pinch experiments with two arrays consisting, respectively, of 32 4-μm- and 6-μm-diameter tungsten wires have been carried out on QiangGuang-1 facility with a current rising up to 1.5MA in 80ns. At early time of implosion, x-ray framing images show that the initial emission comes from the central part of arrays, and double clear emission rings, drifting to the anode and the cathode at 5×10⁶cm/s and 2.4×10⁷cm/s respectively, are often produced near the electrodes. Later, in a 4-μm-diameter tungsten wire array, filamentation caused by ohmic heating is prominent, and more than ten filaments have been observed. A radial inward shift of arrays starts at about 30\,ns earlier than the occurrence of the x-ray peak power for both kinds of arrays, and the shrinkage rate of emission region is as high as 1.7×10⁷cm/s in a 4-μm-diameter tungsten wire array, which is two times higher than that in a 6-μm one. Emission from precursor plasmas is observed in implosion of 6-μm-diameter tungsten wire arrays, but not in implosion of a 4-μm-diameter tungsten wire array. Whereas, in a 4-μm-diameter tungsten wire array, the soft x-ray emission shows the growth of m=1 instability in the plasma column, which is caused by current. The reasons for the discrepancy between implosions of 4-μm- and 6-μm-diameter tungsten wire arrays are explained.     

Suppression of the ablation phase in wire array Z pinches using a tailored current prepulse

A new wire array configuration has been used to create thin shell-like implosions in a cylindrical array. The setup introduces a ~5 kA, ~25 ns current prepulse followed by a ~140 ns current-free interval before the application of the main (~1 MA) current pulse. The prepulse volumetrically heats the wires which expand to ~1 mm diameter leaving no dense wire core and without development of instabilities. The main current pulse then ionizes all the array mass resulting in suppression of the ablation phase, an accelerating implosion, and no trailing mass. Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth in the imploding plasma is inferred to be seeded by μm-scale perturbations on the surface of the wires. The absence of wire cores is found to be the critical factor in altering the implosion dynamics.     

Current-induced implosion of a multiwire array as a radial plasma rainstorm

We present our experimental results of the X-ray radiography of fast radiating Z-pinches based on cylindrical multiwire tungsten arrays. The experiments were carried out at the Angara-5-1 facility at an electrical power of up to 4 TW with a discharge current of up to 4 MA rising at a rate on the order of 5×10¹³ A s^?1. The linear mass of single and composite arrays reached 500 µg cm^?1, the initial radius was 4–10 mm, and the wire diameter was 5–8 µm. We have experimentally shown that for the current-induced implosion of multiwire tungsten arrays, significant azimuthal and axial plasma inhomogeneities result from discharge cold start and prolonged plasma production, which determine the subsequent course of the implosion. The Z-pinch structure also remains spatially inhomogeneous at the time of intense X-ray radiation. The generated inhomogeneous plasma collapses toward the array axis in the form of numerous radially elongated plasmoids with relatively small diameters. The stream of plasmoids is called a radial plasma rainstorm. As the plasmoids contract toward the array axis, they decrease in radial size and merge into isolated plasma current filaments, which are elongated mainly along the discharge axis. We critically discuss the models of a radiating Z-pinch in plasma composed of matter with a large atomic number that disregard the cold-start and prolonged plasma-production effects.     

Z箍缩内爆的MARED程序数值模拟分析

MARED程序是模拟Z箍缩内爆过程的二维三温辐射磁流体力学程序,它适用于不同装置条件和不同负载参数.利用MARED程序对Z箍缩内爆进行模拟,结合丝阵Z箍缩实验分析表明:相同负载质量条件下,钨丝阵内爆产生的X射线辐射功率远大于铝丝阵产生的X射线功率;相同负载电流条件下,负载质量越大,计算得到的X射线功率越低;X射线功率随着负载电流增加而增加.MARED程序能够较好地反映Z箍缩内爆动力学过程,特别是不稳定性发展的二维图像,能够给出与不稳定性简化模型的理论分析及实验结果定性一致的演化规律.MARED程序模拟丝阵填充泡沫形成辐射场的初步计算得到了与Sandia实验室模拟Z装置上丝阵填充泡沫定性一致的结果.     

Experimental Results from SHIVA Star Vacuum Inductive Store/Plasma Flow Switch Drven Implosions

Using a 1313-?F, 3-nH, 120-kV, 9.4-MJ SHIVA Star capacitor bank, we have performed vacuum inductive store/plasma flow switch (PFS) driven implosions of low mass (200-400 ?g/cm2) cylindrical foil liners of 2-cm height and 5-cm radius. This technique employs a coaxial discharge through a plasma armature, which stores magnetic energy over 3-4 ?s and rapidly switches it to an imploding load as the plasma armature exits the coaxial gun muzzle. The current transferred to the load by the PFS has a rise time of less than 0.2 ?s. With 5-MJ stored energy, we have driven fast liner implosions with a current of over 9 MA, obtaining an isotropic equivalent 2.7-TW 0.5-MJ X-ray yield.     

Radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator

We investigated the radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of low-wire-number cylindrical tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator with a peak current 0.8-1.1 MA and a rising time ～ 90 ns.The arrays are made up of(8-32)×5 μm wires 6/10 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height.The highest X-ray power obtained in the experiments was about 0.37 TW with the total radiation energy ～ 13 kJ and the energy conversion efficiency ～ 9%(24×5 μm wires,6 mm in diameter).Most of the X-ray emissions from tungsten Z-pinch plasmas were distributed in the spectral band of 100-600 eV,peaked at 250 and 375 eV.The dominant wavelengths of the wire ablation and the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability were found and analyzed through measuring the time-gated self-emission and laser interferometric images.Through analyzing the implosion trajectories obtained by an optical streak camera,the run-in velocities of the Z-pinch plasmas at the end of the implosion phase were determined to be about(1.3-2.1)×10 7 cm/s.