量子相变与几何相位

量子相变是凝聚态物理中的重要研究课题，而几何相位的发现是近几十年来量子力学中的重要进展，它们毫无关联地各自发展。但最近的研究表明，它们之间有密切联系：多体体系基态的几何相位在量子相变点附近具有标度性；不可收缩的几何相位可用来作为量子相变的标志等，文章将介绍最近在量子相变和几何相位的关系方面的研究进展，并用XY自旋链模型来详细说明．这些结果应会吸引凝聚态和几何相位领域工作的研究人员的关注和兴趣。     

量子相变与量子纠缠

作为量子体系一种内在的非局域性关联,量子纠缠已经成为一个可利用的重要资源并广泛应用于许多领域.强关联体系中的量子相变,作为凝聚态理论中的一个重要现象,也一直是人们研究的热点.本文介绍了量子纠缠的定义,纠缠的判据,以及纠缠的度量.接着,通过一个具体模型对如何利用量子纠缠描述量子相变进行讨论和分析.研究发现,在强关联体系量子相变中量子纠缠扮演着非常重要的角色.     

强关联电子体系的量子蒙特卡罗计算

理解强关联电子体系是一个长期的重要目标,该体系的魅力不仅在于其背后蕴藏着深刻的物理,还在于其中涌现出的丰富物质态在量子调控、量子计算等领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值.同时,理论上非微扰地理解强关联电子体系是极其困难的,一直充满挑战.量子蒙特卡罗计算是一类非微扰计算的标准方法,有助于对强关联电子体系提供非微扰的理解,因而广泛运用于凝聚态和高能物理领域.然而,量子蒙特卡罗计算通常会受到负符号问题的困扰.本文将具体介绍一些无负符号关联电子模型的设计思路,并讨论我们近期提出的符号边界理论.通过设计无负符号或者具有代数符号行为的强关联电子模型,可以帮助人们研究很多重要的量子多体问题,包括巡游磁性量子临界行为、非常规超导和磁性序的竞争,以及莫尔(moiré)量子物质中的关联物相与相变等.     

具有三体相互作用海森堡自旋链模型的纠缠与几何失协

近年来有研究发现量子失协可以度量非纠缠的量子关联,而且非纠缠的量子关联在量子通信和量子计算中起到很重要的作用.研究了磁场,两种三体相互作用,各向异性参数,耦合常数,温度等参数对同时具有两种三体相互作用海森堡XXZ自旋链系统的量子纠缠,几何失协的影响以及与量子相变的关系.研究表明:量子纠缠和几何失协都可以清晰的表征本模型系统的量子相变现象; 随着XZX+YZY型三体相互作用的增加量子纠缠和几何失协即使在高温时也可达到最大值;几何失协比量子纠缠更全面地描述了量子关联; XZY-YZX型三体相互作用的增加对量子纠缠有抑制作用;XZY-YZX型三体相互作用在一定区域内的增加对几何失协有抑制作用,在另一区域的增加可使几何失协增大到一个稳定的非零值。增大磁场和自旋耦合常数,减小各向异性参数会使纠缠的临界温度变大; 调节自旋耦合常数可更有效的使量子纠缠和几何失协在高温时仍有一个较大的值.同时发现,在磁场 和各向异性参数 的区域两种量子关联都可以维持在最大值.     

阻尼Jaynes-Cummings模型中两原子的量子关联动力学

几何量子失协 (geometrical quantum discord, GQD)是目前度量量子体系中量子关联的一种行之有效的方法, 本文利用几何量子失协考察了有阻尼存在的Jaynes-Cumming (J-C)模型中两原子的量子关联动力学. 给出了几何量子失协在原子和光场发生共振和非共振耦合两种情况下的动力学演化行为, 尤其揭示了阻尼耗散对几何量子失协的影响. 关键词： 阻尼Jaynes-Cummings(J-C) 模型 量子关联 几何量子失协 (GQD)     

具有三体相互作用海森堡自旋链模型的纠缠与几何失协

近年来有研究发现量子失协可以度量非纠缠的量子关联,而且非纠缠的量子关联在量子通信和量子计算中起到很重要的作用.本文研究了磁场,两种三体相互作用,各向异性参数,耦合常数,温度等参数对同时具有两种三体相互作用海森堡XXZ自旋链系统的量子纠缠,几何失协的影响以及与量子相变的关系.研究表明:量子纠缠和几何失协都可以清晰的表征本模型系统的量子相变现象;随着XZX+YZY型三体相互作用的增加量子纠缠和几何失协即使在高温时也可达到最大值;几何失协比量子纠缠更全面地描述了量子关联;XZY-YZX型三体相互作用的增加对量子纠缠有抑制作用;XZY-YZX型三体相互作用在一定区域内的增加对几何失协有抑制作用,在另一区域的增加可使几何失协增大到一个稳定的非零值.增大磁场和自旋耦合常数,减小各向异性参数会使纠缠的临界温度变大;调节自旋耦合常数可更有效的使量子纠缠和几何失协在高温时仍有一个较大的值.同时发现,在磁场0B5和各向异性参数-1J_Z10的区域两种量子关联都可以维持在最大值.     

非线性相互作用下三qubit系统中的量子关联

通过对系统施加不同的非线性作用,利用量子关联的几何度量,研究了三个qubit体系中的两体量子关联.不同的非线性相互作用模型都能使系统产生最大值为0.1752的量子关联.z方向的横场对量子关联的优化有控制作用,对于三个模型,通过调节z方向的横场,系统能产生最大值为0.09645的平均量子关联.最佳组合的三个横场,不仅能够大幅度提高量子关联的振荡周期,使得两qubit长时间处于量子关联态,而且还能够提高两qubit的平均量子关联.     

具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用的XY模型的量子相干性

研究了具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya(DM)相互作用的一维横场XY自旋链的量子相变和量子相干性.采用约旦-维格纳变换严格求解了哈密顿量,并描绘了体系的关联函数和相图,相图包含反铁磁相、顺磁相和螺旋相.利用相对熵和Jensen-Shannon熵讨论了XY模型的量子相干性.研究发现,相对熵与Jensen-Shannon熵所表现的行为都可以很好地表征该模型的量子相变.非螺旋相中量子相干性不依赖DM相互作用,而在螺旋相DM相互作用对量子相干性有显著影响.此外,指出了在带有DM相互作用的这一类反射对称破缺体系中关联函数计算的常见问题.     

与Ising链耦合的中心双量子比特系统的量子关联

通过对双量子比特系统分别独自与Ising链耦合情形下的关联问题的研究, 推导出了量子失协和量子关联几何度量的演化规律. 在弱耦合相互作用情况下Ising链的临界点附近, 量子关联存在突变. 此外本文发现在某段时间内的演化过程中几何量子关联度保持不变. 关键词： 量子关联 量子失协 量子关联几何度量     

杨-巴克斯特自旋1/2链模型的量子关联研究

量子系统各部分间的量子关联可以作为量子信息应用研究的基础资源. 而量子失协是度量量子关联大小的物理量. 由此研究杨-巴克斯特自旋1/2链模型的量子关联情况. 首先利用两个杨-巴克斯特方程的解得到相应的杨-巴克斯特自旋1/2链模型. 然后, 计算分析热平衡时杨-巴克斯特自旋1/2链模型的量子失协、几何量子失协和量子纠缠随着温度和外磁场的变化情况. 结果表明对于杨-巴克斯特自旋1/2链模型, 量子失协和几何量子失协能够比量子纠缠更好地度量量子关联.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.