充液管路系统流体声与结构声的复合有源控制

采用基于谐频自适应控制算法的有源消声与消振系统对充液管路系统突出的低频线谱噪声进行有源控制实验研究.建立了泵水循环管路实验系统,在管路中安装有源消声器对流体声进行控制,在管路出口障板上采用8×8通道有源消振系统控制结构声辐射。开展的低频线谱噪声与振动有源控制实验结果表明,在50~200 Hz频带内,通过结合有源噪声与振动控制可在多数频点取得10 dB以上的降噪效果。针对该实验系统,通过分别控制流体声和结构声分析了两者的贡献.实验结果验证了有源消声与消振系统具有较好的降噪性能,各频点处流体声与结构声占比情况不同,需要综合控制流体声与结构声才可以取得显著的降噪效果。      

局部空间自适应宽带有源消声

本文提出一个局部空间自适应宽带有源消声系统,该系统能实现有源消声所要求的任意带宽噪声在局部空间衰减,能自动补偿背景噪声及消声装置中不可控参数及噪声源变化对消声效果的影响.自适应滤波由TMS 32010数字信号处理器采用NLMS算法多路并行处理完成.实验结果表明:对普通房间中的单次级源布置方式,在主次级源前方1m,±30°扇面区域内,该系统对20—600Hz内的宽带噪声抵消,取得的最大降噪量在25dB(A)以上.     

自适应空间有源消声中误差传声器的位置及个数优化

近年来对有源消声理论以及自适应有源消声技术的研究一直是相互独立着进行的，本文通过对自适应有源消声系统中误差传声器个数以及位置的优化选择，找到了它们两者之间的联系，并结合控制系统的性能特点给出了误差传声器个数及位置优化的方法，对影响自适应有源消声效果的因素做了分析讨论，实验验证了本文所得结论，并取得了良好的效果．     

最小二乘格形(LSL)自适应有源消声系统算法及实现

为了提高单路有源消声系统的消声带宽，本文把具有收敛性能基本不依赖于输入这一优异特性的最小二乘格形（LSL）滤波器引入有源消声，并利用高速信号处理器TMS320C25实现滤波器功能，成功地建立了一套LSL自适应有源消声系统．实验表明，该系统对带宽为248Hz的宽带噪声能达到10－15dB（A）的抵消比，取得了较好的效果．     

Implementation of the controller for a compound active noise-cancellation earmuff

本文用传递函数描述了复合式有源消声耳罩的系统模型,确定了模拟式消声控制器的合理阶次。对于前馈控制器和反馈控制器,均给出了成熟的电路实现方案。最后,实际设计了复合式有源消声耳罩,并实测了控制器特性和消声效果,验证了本文提出的控制器实现方法的有效性。     

有源消声耳罩控制器的实现

本文用传递函数描述了复合式有源消声耳罩的系统模型,确定了模拟式消声控制器的合理阶次,对于前馈控制器和反馈控制器,均比出了电路实现方案,最后,实际设计了复合式有源消声耳罩,并实测了控制器特性和消声效果,验证了本文提出了的控制器实现方法的有效性。     

机车驾驶室中自适应有源降噪系统的研究

根据机车驾驶室中噪声特征的分析结果，提出了采用FIR滤波器的自适应有源降噪(ANNC)系统。为消除机车驾驶室中严重的背景噪声干扰影响，应用伪随机相关法对驾驶室中的噪声脉冲响应进行测量。通过数字仿真研究，对基于IMS算法的ANNC系统的关键参数进行了寻优。最后，在实际声场中建立了实时双通道ANNC系统并进行了相关的实验验证。仿真与实验的结果证明了本文提出的AANC系统的可行性和有效性。     

空间有源消声器研究

本文从理论和实验两个方面分析了次级声源的辐射特性,设计了一种三极子分立声源,引入了次级系统的加速度信号馈给方式,给出并讨论了在消声室与混响室两种极端声学条件下取得的三维低频噪声场的全空间消声效果。     

单扬声器的管道有源吸声器

本文提出了以抵消法进行检测的单扬声器有源吸声结构,并研究讨论了声学行波探管应用于自适应有源吸声系统。声学行波探管可以完成信号检测及延时两部分功能,并可避免管道中气流对传声器的影响及损害。用单只扬声器的抵消接收法的有源吸声方式对低频及窄带噪声效果良好。有效消声频率范围从50—500Hz,最佳消声指数对单频声接近50dB,对1/3oct带宽噪声18dB对1oct带宽噪声为10dB。     

有源抗噪声护耳器H2/H∞优化方法研究

采用固定系数滤波器和自适应滤波器相结合来实现一种有源抗噪声护耳器系统。固定系数滤波器除了降低宽带噪声,其最主要的作用在于减小次级通道的不确定性。固定系数滤波器和次级通道滤波器都采用H_2/H_∞优化方法设计得到。仿真和实验结果表明:固定系数滤波器提高了自适应算法的稳定性,护耳器系统在宽带和周期性噪声环境中都取得了比较好的降噪效果。     

Active noise control of a diesel generator in a luxury yacht

Active noise control has been applied to a variety of systems in order to improve performance without the increases in size and weight that would otherwise be required by traditional passive noise control treatments. This paper investigates the application of an active noise control system to the control of generator noise in the master cabin of a luxury yacht. A multichannel, multi-tonal active noise control system employing loudspeakers and microphones in the master cabin of the yacht is investigated. It is shown that, due to the high number of engine orders produced by the generator, in order to achieve significantly perceptible levels of noise attenuation it is necessary to control at least 7 individual orders. A controller is investigated which targets 19 engine orders and it is shown to achieve in excess of 5 dB broadband attenuation, whilst achieving up to 23 dB attenuation in individual orders. This corresponds to a 23% reduction in the Zwicker loudness.     

Improvement of noise reduction performance for a high-speed elevator using modified active noise control

A high rise building demands a high-speed elevator. Since a high-speed elevator has various transfer paths of noise transmitted from motor and rope to cabin interior, it is very difficult to solve the noise problem. Most research for noise reduction has been performed regarding passive noise control by using mainly absorption material and insulation material. In this study, while it is modeling as multiple-input and single-output with respect to transfer paths of high-speed elevator on conditions of stationary and driving states, the characterized frequency in the cabin is discovered through a contribution technique. It is able to replace by 1-dimensional model to control noise at a major contributed frequency. Also, a new active noise control technique has been proposed to control the cabin noise effectively at unpleasant area that is required to make quite zone for passenger. The Correlation Filtered X-LMS (Co-FXLMS) algorithm has been applied to control the dominant frequency noise that it has a high contribution. Simultaneously, this study has a proposed Moving Band Pass Filter (MBPF) to improve the performance of active noise control in the cabin which is able to apply a dynamic system with time variant states. Finally, we obtained the 8 dB noise reduction in the cabin at ear level and it has been proved that the modified active noise control using Co-FXLMS algorithm and MBPF is available to improve the performance of noise reduction.     

Active vibration control for structural-acoustic coupling system of a 3-D vehicle cabin model

This paper presents an active vibration control system for use with structural-acoustic coupling system using piezoelectric actuators and piezoelectric sensors. For modelling a complicated 3-D vehicle cabin model, the structural-acoustic coupling system is analyzed by combining the structural data from modal testing with the acoustic data from the finite element method. Through the structural-acoustic analysis program, the control plate and the control modes are selected, which are most effective for attenuating its noise. A robust LQG controller with two sensor signal filters is designed to remove the experimental problems such as the spillover effect due to uncontrolled modes. The robust LQG controller for the structural-acoustic coupling system can reduce the interior noise of the cavity as well as the structural vibration of the cabin.     

Study on the analogy feedback active soft edge noise barrier

It is feasible to enhance the effect of reduction of the noise barrier on low frequency noise using the active control system. On the basis of the forerunners’ research, an analogy feedback active control system that is easy to be carried out was arranged on the top of a noise barrier to form an analogy feedback active soft edge noise barrier in order to enhance the effect of reduction of the noise barrier on low frequency noise. Through a preliminary experimental study, this method was proved to be feasible and the following preliminary conclusions on the arrangement of active control systems were made: (1) when control sources were arranged in a single row, the control effect was determined by the density of arrangement: the higher the density, the better the control effect; (2) with the same density of arrangement, the control effect of the double row arrangement was better than that of the single row arrangement; (3) with the same number of control sources, the single row arrangement had better control effect than the double row arrangement.     

调节水床效应的双梯度有源噪声控制自适应算法*

为了使自适应反馈有源噪声控制系统能够兼顾水床效应,通过约束次级信号的能量以调节噪声放大,设计了一种双梯度算法。当次级信号满足约束,算法沿着最小化误差信号能量的梯度方向迭代,反之,则沿着最小化次级信号能量的方向迭代。在有源降噪耳机实例中的对比结果表明,该算法能调节噪声放大并保持较大的降噪带宽,且运算量没有显著增加。     

主动噪声控制声学通道的实验辨识

传统的自适应滤波器不能直接用于主动噪声控制，因为扬声器和误差传声器之间的声学通道可能使系统不稳定。本文根据声学通道的相应特性，建立补偿滤波器，提出了用实验方法辨识声学通道传输特性。在房间实验中研究了单通道相位因子的变化特性，并进一步用于飞机人多通道主动噪声控制，给出了相应的实验结果。     

有限元-统计能量分析法的拖拉机驾驶室噪声研究*

对某拖拉机驾驶室内中频噪声进行预测,建立了拖拉机驾驶室FE-SEA(有限元统计能量分析)混合模型,通过理论计算和试验方法获取驾驶室结构内损耗因子等数据；加载振动和噪声激励后进行有限元-统计能量分析联合仿真,将仿真获取的驾驶室声压级与实测数据进行对比,分析对比表明该模型在中频段利用FE-SEA混合法分析所得结果与试验测试值拟合程度较高,分析各子系统对驾驶室声腔的能量贡献度,确定对驾驶室噪声贡献较大的子系统,针对性对驾驶室声学包进行整改,获得一定降噪效果。     

Active control of aircraft fly-over sound transmission through an open window

This paper presents an experimental work on active control of sound transmission through a restricted opening bottom hinged window. The main goal of the work is to demonstrate the feasibility of the active technique to limit the loss of attenuation due to the aperture of windows, and its application to aircraft fly-over incident noise. The experimental window is placed in an exposed façade of a dwelling close to an airport and subject to fly-by aircraft noise. The active control is configured to cancel the pressure at the aperture using a single-input single-output feedforward adaptive system. As a result, a reduction of sound transmission is achieved with low power consumption. In global terms, an increase of almost 3 dB of transmission loss (with respect to the partially opened window insulation values) in the low frequency range (below 160 Hz and according to the National Danish Method for evaluating low frequency noise) is demonstrated, which is equivalent to a reduction of 50% in the loss of insulation caused by opening the window.     

Design and experimental tests of active control barriers for low-frequency stationary noise reduction in urban outdoor environment

Active noise control (ANC) techniques are based on the emission of an antiphase signal in order to cancel the noise produced by a primary source. ANC has been successfully applied especially for reducing noise in confined environments, such as headphones and ducts. In this study, we present an application of ANC concepts to the design of an anti-noise barrier for an outdoor environment and its experimental testing. Even though passive techniques are effective in noise reduction at middle-high frequencies, they become less efficient at low frequencies (below 300 Hz) due to the limited dimensions of commonly deployable barriers. In this paper, we analyze the properties of a low-cost active noise system able to efficiently operate on stationary, almost pure-tone, low-frequency noise, such as that produced by electrical transformers and reactors in power and transformation plants. A prototype has been implemented and on-the-field experimental tests have been carried out. The results (confirmed also by numerical simulations) demonstrate a remarkable efficiency in the far field, with a reduction up to 15 dB with respect to the absence of the ANC system.     

Simulations and experiments for hybrid noise control systems

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of sound elimination in a cylindrical duct by combining a reactive muffler and active noise control (ANC) system. Besides the exploration via experiment of the combined noise control system, a Grey prediction based on Grey theory is also applied to ANC for this hybrid system.In the experiment for this system, a combined adaptive algorithm is adopted. The results of sound elimination are compared between cases with ANC systems installed before the muffler and after the muffler. The results indicate that the sequence of arrangement of muffler can influence the results of active noise control. According to the results of experiment and simulation, the effect of noise reduction in ANC system is influenced extremely by reference signal received. The transmission loss and insertion loss in this system are also discussed in details. Besides, the experimental results indicate that the hybrid system has the advantages over a traditional muffler when the muffler is not designed for the frequency of the noise. Furthermore, the mathematic simulation for acoustic field in a cylindrical duct with a muffler is performed in order to verify the experiment results. Finally, Grey theory is applied to estimate the expected signals in order to perform a computer simulation of Grey prediction to explore effects of the ANC system. The results indicate that application of Grey theory gives a good control for the hybrid system.