基于力磁耦合效应的铁磁材料修正磁化模型

Jiles-Atherton (J-A)模型和Zheng Xiao-Jing-Liu Xing-En (Z-L)模型在分析应力对铁磁材料磁化的影响方面应用十分广泛.目前, J-A模型中的磁致伸缩应变与应力和磁化强度的关系式采用Jiles给出的经典拟合公式,该拟合公式中磁化强度的二次项和四次项系数与应力均为线性关系,不能准确描述铁磁材料磁致伸缩系数随应力、磁化强度的非线性变化规律; Z-L模型中磁致伸缩应变与应力和磁化强度的关系式采用了双曲正切函数tanh(x),更好地描述了铁磁材料磁致伸缩应变和磁化强度随应力的非线性变化规律,但Z-L模型却没有考虑Weiss分子场、钉扎效应的作用,且由于采用了基于弹性能的接近定理,只能描述弹性应力对磁化过程的影响.针对上述问题,本文结合Z-L模型中的非线性磁致伸缩应变关系式以及J-A模型中的磁滞理论,考虑弹性应力、塑性变形对模型参数的影响,建立了能够反映弹-塑性阶段应力与塑性变形对铁磁材料磁化曲线影响的修正磁化模型,分析了弹性拉、压应力及塑性拉、压变形对磁化曲线、矫顽力和剩余磁化强度的影响规律.通过与试验结果及原有模型的计算结果进行对比,发现修正模型能够更好地反映单次磁化、循环磁化过程中应力、塑性变形对磁化曲线的影响规律,理论预测结果与试验结果之间的相关系数均在0.98以上,可为分析力磁耦合效应对铁磁材料磁化影响规律提供更准确的理论模型.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

因为磁性液体的磁性微粒有着很强的相互作用,Langevin顺磁理论不能很好描述磁性液体的磁化强度随外磁场的变化.研究认为影响磁化的主要因素是磁性液体内微粒整体的结构化,其结构的形成储存了部分磁化功,直接或间接地影响了磁化.在此基础上提出“压缩”模型,修正了描述磁性液体常用的Langevin函数,得出了与实验较好符合的曲线.所提出的一个压缩后等效体积分数与外磁场强度的关系式,近似地描述了磁性液体在磁场中磁化的过程.由修正式得出了近似初始磁化率随体积分数变化关系.     

古埃磁天平法研究ε-Fe_3N磁性液体的磁化率和饱和磁化强度

本文将古埃磁天平法测量ε-Fe_3N磁性液体的磁化率和饱和磁化强度增设为物理实验中的设计性、研究性实验项目,通过实验过程中直接感知梯度磁场中ε-Fe_3N磁性液体磁增重的变化,学生能深刻理解磁化率和饱和磁化强度的物理内涵,引领学生进行自主学习。低磁场强度83H_0332kA/m范围内,磁性液体以恒定的磁化率磁化;近饱和磁场强度H_0332kA/m范围内,磁性液体磁化达到饱和,饱和磁化强度Ms为常数。随载液质量增加,3种磁性液体的磁化率和饱和磁化强度逐渐减小。与振动样品磁强计相比,古埃磁天平测试的饱和磁化强度稍偏低,相对误差小于2%,说明古埃磁天平法测量精度较高,适用于测试磁性材料的磁化率和饱和磁化强度。     

矩形截面有限长螺线管磁场的计算

如果将螺线管的表面电流看成是磁介质的磁化电流,那么螺线管的磁场就与介质的磁场完全相同。于是可以通过计算磁介质的磁场得到螺线管的磁场。根据公式B=μ0(H+M),磁介质的磁场或者磁感应强度可以分为两部分:一部分是磁化强度的贡献,另一部分是磁场强度。对于磁介质来说,由于没有传导电流,所以磁场强度的环路积分是零,而磁场强度对于闭合面的积分不是零。也就是说,这种情况下,磁场强度的方程与静电场电场强度的方程完全相同,因此可以用计算静电场电场强度的方法计算磁场强度,这就是处理磁场的等效的磁荷方法。利用等效的磁荷方法对矩形截面的有限长螺线管的磁场进行了讨论,给出了对称面上精确磁场的解析表达式,磁场的解析表达式中不包含积分和难以求和的级数,同时进行了数值分析。     

高温超导体的磁化与磁滞损耗

利用三种临界态模型(Bean模型、Kim模型和指数模型),采用比较简单的方法,以Bi2223高温超导体为例,给出了平板状超导体的初始磁化曲线和磁滞回线的解析表达式.对不同温度和磁场下的磁化强度进行了编程计算,对计算结果进行讨论.利用推导的公式,讨论了温度和外加磁场对高温超导体的磁滞损耗的影响. 关键词： 磁滞损耗 磁通钉扎 高温超导体 临界态模型     

Stoner-Wohlfarth模型的磁滞回线特征量分析

针对磁化强度的一致转动:Stoner-Wohlfarth模型,在磁滞回线不能严格求解的现实情况下,我们获得了描述磁滞回线的特征量:剩磁、矫顽力、饱和场的严格解.依据磁化强度一致转动过程的分析,我们提出了剩磁、矫顽力、饱和场这3个特征量的确定条件,并得到以上磁性材料的技术磁化特征量与材料内禀参量饱和磁化强度和各向异性等效场的关系.同时,我们利用磁滞回线在3个特殊角度下的严格解和一般情况下的数值解验证了以上特征量关系的正确性.本研究结果对于判断磁性材料的磁化反磁化过程和深入理解一致转动过程具有重要参考意义.     

超强激光功率密度对等离子体中自生磁场和电子热传导的影响

应用多光子非线性康普顿散射模型、3维粒子模拟模型和数值计算方法,研究了超强激光与等离子体作用中自生磁场产生和电子热传导过程,提出了将非线性康普顿散射光作为改变等离子体自生磁场和电子热传导的新机制,给出了自生磁场最大饱和值和超热电子热传导的修正方程和数值计算结果 .研究发现在时间为100~160内,自生磁场能量随入射激光功率密度增大而迅速增大,之后处于较高饱和阶段.增大的初始时刻较散射前提前了20,增大阶段的时间延长了30,饱和阶段增幅为40%.入射激光功率密度为1019~1020W/cm2时,自生磁场强度最大模拟值为1.47×104~3.75×104T,单电子能谱峰值出现在3.3 Me V和6.6 Me V附近,能谱曲线在4~15 Me V和11~14.3 Me V迅速衰减,在6.7 Me V和13.2 Me V以上时,超热电子有效温度为2.6 Me V和4.5 Me V,比无散射的理论值和拟合值均有一定增大.随入射激光强度增大,热流随激光脉冲一起向等离子体内流动的时间缩短,自生磁场限制热流的时间延长.对所得结果给出了初步物理解释.     

脉冲磁化条件下非晶磁芯的损耗特性

基于工频或高频磁化条件下磁芯的测试数据不能准确反映磁芯在单次脉冲磁化下的性能,给出了一种脉冲磁化条件下磁芯性能的测试方法和数据处理方法,实验研究了快脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯的损耗特性,磁芯最短饱和时间67 ns,最大磁化速率达到40 T/s。通过数据处理,给出了磁芯损耗与磁化速率的关系曲线,获得了不同磁化速率下磁芯的损耗数据。分析了脉冲磁化条件下涡流损耗和磁滞损耗所占的比例。研究结果表明:脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯损耗与磁化速率关系符合饱和波模型,磁芯损耗随磁化速率增大而线性增大。     

Saturation Magnetization and Law of Approach to Saturation for Self-formed Ionic Ferrofluids Based on MnFe2O2 Nanoparticles

测量了MnFe₂O₄纳米微粒及其磁性液体在室温下的磁化曲线.微粒的中值粒径为13.67 nm. 磁性液体的比饱和磁化强度小于理论值.在高场范围(5～10 kOe)下,磁性液体趋于饱和时,其体积分数越大,磁化曲线的斜率越大. 这种饱和磁化强度性质和趋饱和律分别源自于无场时的环状自组装团聚体和场致团聚体. 场致团聚体是耗散结构,以致于其趋饱和磁化律不同于顺磁理论所描述的趋饱和律. 磁性液体中的大微粒导致了表观磁滞现象.     

稀土化合物Pr3Co的低温磁性研究

我们报告稀土化合物Pr3Co在低温下的磁化强度和磁化率随温度变化的曲线以及在不同温度下样品的磁化情况.在低温下,磁化强度随磁场强度的变化关系曲线为回线,在高温时为直线.我们还估出了磁化过程中磁性转变(即磁矩变化)的大小.     

Modified magnetomechancial model in the constant and low intensity magnetic field based on J-A theory

The existing magnetomechancial models cannot explain the different experimental phenomena when the ferromagnetic specimen is respectively subjected to tension and compression stress in the constant and low intensity magnetic field,especially in the compression case. To promote the development of magnetomechancial theory, the energy conservation equation, effective magnetic field equation, and anhysteretic magnetization equation of the original Jiles-Atherton(J-A)theory are elucidated and modified, an equation of the local equilibrium status is employed and the differential expression of the modified magnetomechancial model based on the modified J-A theory is established finally. The effect of stress and plastic deformation on the magnetic parameters is analyzed. An excellent agreement is achieved between the theoretic predictions by the present modified model and the previous experimental results. Comparing with the calculation results given by the existing models and experimental results, it is seen indeed that the modified magnetomechanical model can describe the different magnetization features during tension-release and compression-release processes much better, and is the only one which can accurately reflect the experimental observation that the magnetic induction intensity reverses to negative value with the increase of the compressive stress and applied field.     

Minor hysteresis loops model based on exponential parameters scaling of the modified Jiles–Atherton model

In this present work, the minor hysteresis loops model based on parameters scaling of the modified Jiles–Atherton model is evaluated by using judicious expressions. These expressions give the minor hysteresis loops parameters as a function of the major hysteresis loop ones. They have exponential form and are obtained by parameters identification using the stochastic optimization method “simulated annealing”. The main parameters influencing the data fitting are three parameters, the pinning parameter k, the mean filed parameter α and the parameter which characterizes the shape of anhysteretic magnetization curve a. To validate this model, calculated minor hysteresis loops are compared with measured ones and good agreements are obtained.     

A new ferromagnetic hysteresis model for soft magnetic composite materials

A new ferromagnetic hysteresis model for soft magnetic composite materials based on their specific properties is presented. The model relies on definition of new anhysteretic magnetization based on the Cauchy-Lorentz distribution describing the maximum energy state of magnetic moments in material. Specific properties of soft magnetic composite materials (SMC) such as the presence of the bonding material, different sizes and shapes of the Fe particles, level of homogeneity of the Fe particles at the end of the SMC product treatment, and achieved overall material density during compression, are incorporated in both the anhysteretic differential magnetization susceptibility and the irreversible differential magnetization susceptibility. Together they form the total differential magnetization susceptibility that defines the new ferromagnetic hysteresis model. Genetic algorithms are used to determine the optimal values of the proposed model parameters. The simulated results show good agreement with the measured results.     

A one-dimension coupled hysteresis model for giant magnetostrictive materials

This paper addresses the development of a one-dimension model for quantifying magnetic-elastic-thermal coupling and hysteresis inherent to giant magnetostrictive materials. Firstly, the anhysteretic law is modeled by considering the Gibbs free energy function G(σ, M, T), and thermodynamic relations are used to obtain the constitutive expressions. These expressions character the effects of coupling between stress, magnetization, and temperature in the giant magnetostrictive material but hysteresis, i.e. strain and magnetic intensity described by above the constitutive expressions are single-valued function of the magnetization. And then pinning is incorporated to describe hysteresis based on Jiles–Atherton model. The model considered in the paper is demonstrated valid by comparing the predicted results with experimental data. Moreover, the model proposed in the paper is convenient to be used in engineering applications since the parameters referred to the model have definite physical mean and can all be easily determined by experiments.     

Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2合金磁畴偏转的滞回特性研究

研究了不同载荷作用下Tb_0.3Dy_0.7Fe₂合金在压磁和磁弹性效应中磁畴偏转的滞回特性. 基于Stoner-Wolhfarth模型的能量极小原理, 采用绘制自由能-磁畴偏转角度关系曲线的求解方法, 研究了压磁和磁弹性效应中载荷作用下的磁畴角度偏转和磁化过程, 计算分析了不同载荷作用下磁畴偏转的滞回特性. 研究表明, 压磁和磁弹性效应中磁畴偏转均存在明显的滞回、跃迁效应, 其中磁化强度的滞回效应来源于磁畴偏转的角度跃迁; 压磁效应中预加磁场的施加将增大磁化强度的滞回, 同时使滞回曲线向大压应力方向偏移; 磁弹性效应中磁畴偏转的滞回存在两个临界磁场强度, 不同磁场强度下合金具有不同的磁畴偏转路径和磁化滞回曲线, 临界磁场强度的大小取决于预压应力的施加. 理论分析对类磁致伸缩材料磁畴偏转模型的完善和材料器件的设计应用非常有意义.     

Numerical resolution of the modified Langevin equation using a differential expression: Application to the Jiles magnetostriction law of approach

The Langevin equation is classically used to model the anhysteretic magnetization curve. A modified version of this equation has been introduced by Jiles to take into account the effects of magnetostriction on the anhysteretic magnetization behavior when a ferromagnetic material undergoes mechanical stresses. The numerical resolution of the modified Langevin equation is usually performed with a root-finding algorithm. In this paper, a differential form of the modified Langevin equation is proposed, allowing a faster numerical resolution.     

一级相变磁制冷材料的基础问题探究

由于一级相变磁制冷材料发生磁相变时有晶胞体积的突变,相变过程中有相变潜热存在,其磁化过程中有许多磁学问题有待于进一步探究.本文以LaFe13-xSix合金为研究对象,在现有对磁一级相变基础问题的分析基础上,对一级相变材料中系统熵变、等温熵变、绝热温变、热滞、磁滞、铁磁与顺磁态两相共存的温度区间和磁场区间、制冷能力的计算等磁学基础问题进行了较为细致的探究.分析表明,在忽略完全铁磁态和顺磁态对磁热效应的贡献时,Maxwell方程和Clausius-Clapeyron方程计算熵变的值具有等效性.等温磁化过程中升温和降温曲线包围的面积SABCE(磁滞的大小),实际上是升温过程和降温过程中磁场做的净功,等于相变潜热之差.磁滞和热滞的大小与磁化过程数据测量的时间有关,测量时间越长则滞后越小,当相变是平衡相变则滞后为零.另外,对温度和磁场诱导磁相变过程进行了分析,提出了一级相变磁制冷材料制冷能力的不同计算模型.本文对一级相变磁制冷材料的磁学基础问题研究有一定的参考价值.     

Magnetization reversal in (0 0 1)Fe thin films studied by combining domain images and MOKE hysteresis loops

The magnetization reversal of epitaxial single-crystal Fe films has been studied by combining domain images and hysteresis loops. The reversal is quantitatively described by combining the coherent rotation model and the domain wall displacement model. The pinning energy exerted on the domain walls and the domain wall angle at the switching fields are obtained by fitting this model to experimental hysteresis loops. The field-dependent pinning energy and the domain wall angle in the reversal process, and the contributions of second-order magneto-optic effect to hysteresis loops, are revealed to be two important features of single-crystal Fe films.     

Three-and two-dimensional calculations for the interface anisotropy dependence of magnetic properties of exchange-spring Nd2Fe(14)B/α-Fe multilayers with out-of-plane easy axes

Hysteresis loops,energy products and magnetic moment distributions of perpendicularly oriented Nd2Fe(14)B/α-Fe exchange-spring multilayers are studied systematically based on both three-dimensional(3D)and one-dimensional(1D)micromagnetic methods,focused on the influence of the interface anisotropy.The calculated results are carefully compared with each other.The interface anisotropy effect is very palpable on the nucleation,pinning and coercive fields when the soft layer is very thin.However,as the soft layer thickness increases,the pinning and coercive fields are almost unchanged with the increment of interface anisotropy though the nucleation field still monotonically rises.Negative interface anisotropy decreases the maximum energy products and increases slightly the angles between the magnetization and applied field.The magnetic moment distributions in the thickness direction at various applied fields demonstrate a progress of three-step magnetic reversal,i.e.,nucleation,evolution and irreversible motion of the domain wall.The above results calculated by two models are in good agreement with each other.Moreover,the in-plane magnetic moment orientations based on two models are different.The 3D calculation shows a progress of generation and disappearance of vortex state,however,the magnetization orientations within the film plane calculated by the 1D model are coherent.Simulation results suggest that negative interface anisotropy is necessarily avoided experimentally.     

小尺寸正方形铁磁薄膜边界效应对磁化翻转过程的影响

用自旋动力学方法系统地研究磁偶极相互作用表现的边界效应对小尺寸正方形铁磁薄膜的磁化翻转过程的影响.在确定的磁偶极相互作用强度下,针对不同的单轴各向异性强度和不同的磁化角(外磁场与易轴间的夹角),具体给出矫顽场与磁化角及单轴各向异性强度之间的依赖关系和-些有代表性的磁滞回线,并给出磁化翻转过程中-些有代表性的微观磁结构.模拟结果表明:磁偶极相互作用表现的边界钉扎作用与单轴各向异性场之间的竞争决定磁滞回线的形状和矫顽场的大小,从而在不同磁化角情况下会导致不同的矫顽场机理.本文提出可有效地描述正方形铁磁性薄膜复杂微观磁畴结构的形成与演变的五磁畴模型.这种五磁畴模型既能直接揭示单轴各向异性正方形铁磁薄膜的几何特性和物理特性,也方便于磁化翻转过程的分析.