Mg12O12纳米线掺杂3d过渡金属元素的第一性原理计算研究

基于密度泛函第一性原理计算,系统研究了Mg₁₂O₁₂笼状团簇组装一维纳米线及其掺杂3d族元素体系的几何结构与电子结构.结果表明：Mg₁₂O₁₂团簇组装一维纳米线为非磁性半导体,带隙值为3.16 eV;掺杂Sc和V后,体系由半导体转变为金属;掺杂Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu后体系仍然保持半导体特性、但带隙值明显减小,而掺杂Zn时带隙值变化不大;掺杂V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu后纳米线具有磁性.     

LiNH2储氢材料中间隙H与掺杂原子交互作用对其释氢性能影响机理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的赝势平面波第一性原理方法,研究了LiNH₂缺陷及其掺杂原子交互作用对其释氢影响.通过对其进行优化求得它们的局域最稳定结构并计算了含间隙H原子缺陷的LiNH₂及其掺杂合金的结合能、间隙缺陷形成能、态密度和电荷布居.结果表明: 系统结合能不能反映LiNH₂及其掺杂合金的释氢性质;平衡时,LiNH₂中有一定的间隙氢原子存在,Mg,Ti掺杂使形成能大大降低,大大增大了间隙氢的浓度. 间隙H原子在带隙引入了缺陷能级使带隙大大减小,提高释氢能力.间隙H原子导致[NH₂]^-中N-H原子间相互作用减弱,容易释氢.间隙H与[NH₂]^-中N存在共价作用,可以解释LiNH₂释氢反应中NH₃的放出.当存在掺杂时,N-H键的键强不均衡,部分较弱,部分较强,较弱的N-H键中H容易放出. 关键词： 储氢材料 第一性原理 缺陷 释氢机理     

金属Fe与间隙H原子相互作用的密度泛函研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 研究了不同摩尔比下H在α-Fe和γ-Fe晶格中的间隙占位情况, 计算了稳态晶体的总能量、结合能、溶解热、电子态密度、电荷差分密度和电荷布居, 分析了间隙H原子和Fe晶格之间的相互作用, 讨论了H溶解对α-Fe和γ -Fe晶体电子结构的影响. 结果表明: H溶解引起α-Fe和γ-Fe晶体点阵晶格畸变, 体积膨胀率随着溶氢量的增加而增加. 从能量角度分析发现, H优先占据α-Fe的四面体间隙位, 而在γ -Fe中优先 占据八面体间隙位. 态密度、电荷差分密度以及电荷布居分析发现, 间隙H原子与Fe晶格的相互作用仅由H的1s轨道电子和Fe的4s轨道电子所贡献, 二者作用力相对较弱, 这是造成H在Fe晶格中固溶度较低的主要原因之一. 关键词： 金属Fe 间隙H原子 第一性原理 溶解热     

Al与α-Fe2O3纳米界面铝热反应的从头计算分子动力学研究

在正则系综统下,温度为2000 K时,利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理分子动力学计算方法对Al与赤铁矿α-Fe₂O₃的铝热反应进行了研究. 模拟得出Fe–O键的数量随着时间的增加而减小,Al–O键和Fe–Fe键的数量随时间的增加而增大;同时Fe离子总的电荷量随时间的增加而减小,而Al离子总的电荷量随时间的增加而增大. 模拟结果表明,在Al/Fe₂O₃铝热反应中发生了氧化还原反应,Al被氧化,Fe离子被还原;在界面处生成Al–O键,Fe–O键发生断裂;氧化还原反应完成需约3 ps. 关键词： 铝热反应 密度泛函理论 分子动力学 正则系综     

金属元素替代对Li4BN3H10储氢材料释氢影响机理的第一性原理研究

应用基于密度泛函理论的赝势平面波第一性原理方法研究了金属元素替代对Li₄BN₃H₁₀ 释氢的影响机理.计算给出了结合能、电子态密度、密集数, 分析了结构的稳定性和原子间的成键情况.结果表明: 晶体的结合能与(LiM)₄BN₃H₁₀(M=Ni,Ti,Al,Mg)释氢性能没有直接的关联.带隙的宽窄和带隙中是否存在杂质能级是决定(LiM)< 关键词： LiBNH系储氢材料 第一性原理 元素替代 释氢机理     

关于MgB2/Al2O3超导薄膜电阻转变和各向异性的研究

利用电子束蒸发方法将MgB₂超导薄膜沉积到Al₂O₃(001)衬底上.采用标准的四引线法研究了磁场平行和垂直超导薄膜ab平面下的电阻转变.一个激活能模型 U(T,H)=U₀(1-T/(T_c+δ))ⁿ(1-H/H 关键词： 2/Al₂O₃')" href="#">MgB₂/Al₂O₃ 超导体 电阻转变 各向异性     

Y掺杂SrTiO3晶体材料的电子结构计算

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论平面波超软赝势法, 研究了Y掺杂SrTiO₃体系的空间结构和电子结构性质, 得到了优化后体系的结构参数, 掺杂形成能, 能带结构和电子态密度. 对比掺杂浓度为0125, 025, 033时,Sr_1-xY_xTiO₃和SrTi_1-xY_xO₃的掺杂形成能,发现Y替代Sr能形成更稳定的结构. 对Sr_1-xY_xTiO₃（x=0, 0125, 025, 033） 的结构进行了优化,结果表明Y替代Sr后, 随着掺杂浓度增大, 体系的晶格常数逐渐减小, 稳定性逐渐增强. 对不同掺杂浓度的Sr_1-xY_xTiO₃能带结构的计算结果表明：纯净的SrTiO₃是绝缘体, 价带顶在R点, 导带底在Γ点, 费米能级处于价带顶; 掺杂Y后, 费米能级进入到导带底中, 体系呈金属性;掺杂浓度越大,费米能级进入导带的位置越深,禁带宽度也近似变宽. 关键词： 3')" href="#">SrTiO₃ 电子结构 掺杂 VASP     

P掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对不同P掺杂形式(P替位Ti, P替位O, 间隙P)的锐钛矿相TiO₂的晶格常数、电荷布居、能带结构、分态密度和吸收光谱进行了计算. 结果表明, P替位Ti时, TiO₂体积减小, P替位O和间隙P的存在使TiO₂的体积膨胀; 替位Ti的P和间隙P均有不同程度的氧化, 而替位O的P带有负电荷. 三种P掺杂形式均导致锐钛矿相TiO₂禁带宽度的增大, 并在TiO₂禁带之内引入了掺杂局域能级. P掺杂导致TiO₂禁带宽度增大的程度依次为: 间隙P>P替位Ti>P替位O. 吸收光谱的计算结果表明, P替位Ti并不能增强TiO₂的可见光吸收能力, 但间隙P的存在大幅提高了TiO₂的可见光光吸收能力, 间隙P有可能是造成实验上P掺杂增强锐钛矿相TiO₂光催化活性的重要原因. 关键词： P掺杂 2')" href="#">锐钛矿相TiO₂ 第一性原理     

Al掺杂SnO2 材料电子结构和光学性质

采用基于第一性原理的线性缀加平面波方法(FP-LAPW),研究Al掺杂SnO₂材料Sn_1-xAl_xO₂ (x= 0,0.0625,0.125,0.1875,0.25)的电子结 构和光学性质,包括能带结构、电子态密度、介电函数和其他一些光学性质.计算结果表明,掺杂Al之后价带上部分折叠态增加,价带宽度发生收缩,对导带底起作用的Sn 5s态减少,使得带隙增宽,且态密度整体向高能方向发生移动.随着Al掺杂量的增加带隙越来越宽,Al杂质能级在导带部分与Sn 5p态电子相互作用逐渐增强,虚部谱中的第一介电峰的强度随掺杂Al浓度增大而减弱.同时,吸收谱及其他光学谱线与介电函数虚部谱线相对应,各谱线均发生蓝移现象,对应带隙增宽,从理论上指出了光学性质与电子结构之间的内在关系. 关键词： 能带结构 态密度 光学性质 介电函数     

ReSi1.75电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理全势线性缀加平面波方法和局域密度近似(LDA)，对ReSi_1.75的基态晶格属性进行了研究. 结构优化的结果表明，ReSi_1.75的基态平衡晶格常数比实验值小约0.6%. 在LDA计算基础上，考虑局域的Re的d电子库仑作用，用LDA+U方法计算了ReSi_1.75的电子结构，发现当U_eff=U-J=4.4eV时，能带结构呈半导体性质. 具有0.12eV 关键词： 1.75')" href="#">ReSi_1.75 局域密度近似 自相互修正作用 电子结构     

Surface termination, composition and reconstruction of Fe3O4(001) and γ-Fe2O3(001)

We address a current controversy concerning the nature of the surfaces of Fe₃O₄(001) and γ-Fe₂O₃(001) grown on MgO(001) by molecular beam epitaxy. Despite recent claims to the contrary, we show that γ-Fe₂O₃(001) unambiguously exhibits a (1×1) surface net, in contrast to Fe₃O₄(001), which assumes a R45 reconstruction. In addition, we present high-energy-resolution Fe 2p and O 1s core-level photoelectron spectra obtained at both normal and grazing emission for γ-Fe₂O₃(001) and Fe₃O₄(001). These spectra show that the Fe₃O₄(001) surface has a higher Fe(III)/Fe(II) ratio than the bulk, and that the asymmetry in the O 1s line shape for Fe₃O₄(001) is due to final state effects rather than the presence of a surface oxygen or hydroxyl species.     

Enhancement of microwave absorption of nanocomposite BaFe_(12)O_(19)/α-Fe microfibers

Nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers with diameters of about 1-5 μm are prepared by the organic gelthermal selective reduction process. The binary phase of BaFe12O19 and α-Fe is formed after reduction of the precursor BaFe12O19/α-Fe2O3 microfibers at 350℃ for 1 h. These nanocomposite microfibers are fabricated from α-Fe (16-22 nm in diameter) and BaFe12O19 particles (36-42 nm in diameter) and basically exhibit a single-phase-like magnetization behavior, with a high saturation magnetization and coercive force arising from the exchange-coupling interactions of soft α-Fe and hard BaFe12O19 . The microwave absorption characteristics in a 2-18 GHz frequency range of the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers are mainly influenced by their mass ratio of α-Fe/BaFe12O19 and specimen thickness. It is found that the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers with a mass ratio of 1:6 and specimen thickness of 2.5 mm show an optimal reflection loss (RL) of 29.7 dB at 13.5 GHz and the bandwidth with RL exceeding 10 dB covers the whole Ku-band (12.4-18.0 GHz). This enhancement of microwave absorption can be attributed to the heterostructure of soft, nano, conducting α-Fe particles embedded in hard, nano, semiconducting barium ferrite, which improves the dipolar polarization, interfacial polarization, exchange-coupling interaction, and anisotropic energy in the nanocomposite BaFe12O19/α-Fe microfibers.     

强关联效应下非磁性元素Ir掺杂的SmFeAsO电子结构理论研究

基于密度泛函理论, 采用广义梯度近似方法 (SGGA+U) 计算分析了SmOFeAs电子结构以及 Ir 掺杂对该体系晶体结构和电子结构的影响. 结果表明, 随着Ir的掺杂, SmOFeAs晶体结构中FeAs层与SmO层之间的耦合增强, 晶体内部所含的铁砷四面体随着Ir掺杂其畸变性程度逐步减小. Fe3d以及As4p杂化轨道对体系电子结构起主要影响作用. Ir掺杂所引入的电子使FeAs层的巡游电子增多、Fe3d轨道中的 d_z2轨道离域性增强. 当Ir掺杂量为20%时, 费米面处于电子态密度峰值附近, 费米面急剧变化使该体系的T_c值有所增高, 反映了体系费米能级移动与其超导电性的密切关联性. 计算的电子态密度与XPS所得价带谱实验结果一致, 进一步验证了采用SGGA+U方法其包含修正d轨道局域电子的库仑势, 使得计算结果与实验结果更加接近. 关键词： U')" href="#">GGA+U SmOFeAs 晶体结构 电子结构     

First-principles study of He trapping in η-Fe_2C

The distribution of He in η-Fe_2C has been studied by first-principles calculations.The formation energies of interstitial He and substitutional He(replacing Fe) are 3.76 eV and 3.49 eV,respectively,which are remarkably smaller than those in bcc Fe,indicating that He is more soluble in η-Fe_2C than in bcc Fe.The binding potencies of both a substitutionalinterstitial He pair(1.28 eV) and a substitutional-substitutional He pair(0.76 eV) are significantly weaker than those in bcc Fe.The binding energy between the two He atoms in an interstitial-interstitial He pair(0.31 eV) is the same as that in bcc Fe,but the diffusion barrier of interstitial He(0.35 eV) is much larger than that in bcc Fe,suggesting that it is more difficult for the interstitial He atom to agglomerate in η-Fe_2C than in bcc Fe.Thus,self-trapping of He in η-Fe_2C is less powerful than that in bcc Fe.As a consequence,small and dense η-Fe_2C particles in ferritic steels might serve as scattered trapping centers for He,slow down He bubble growth at the initial stage,and make the steel more swelling resistant.     

二氧化铀电子结构和弹性性质的第一性原理研究

本文采用第一性原理的方法系统研究了UO₂的晶体结构、电子结构和弹性性质. 在计算中采用广义梯度近似结合Hubbard U项描述电子的局域强关联效应. 首先通过计算能带带隙大小并与理论值比较的方法, 得到了合理的有效库仑相关作用能(U_eff)的取值, 同时通过态密度的计算, 进一步验证了U_eff取值的合理性. 计算得到UO₂中U原子的U_eff值为3.30 eV (U_eff=U-J, U=3.70 eV, J=0.40 eV). 应用此参数计算得到的UO₂晶格常数为5.54 Å, 带隙宽度为2.17 eV. 该结果优于目前现有的研究结果, 同时在同样的U_eff值条件下计算所得到的弹性常数与实验值也符合得较好. 相较于之前的基于实验测量并分析得到的U_eff值, 我们所采用的方法在对UO₂性质描述上更为准确. 不同的有效库仑相关作用能取值下的态密度结果表明, 有效库仑相关作用能的大小可以影响铀原子5f电子轨道的分布.     

Electronic structures and topological properties of TeSe2 monolayers

The successfully experimental fabrication of two-dimensional Te monolayer films [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 106101 (2017)] has promoted the researches on the group-VI monolayer materials. In this work, the electronic structures and topological properties of a group-VI binary compound of TeSe₂ monolayers are studied based on the density functional theory and Wannier function method. Three types of structures, namely, α-TeSe₂, β-TeSe₂, and γ-TeSe₂, are proposed for the TeSe₂ monolayer among which the α-TeSe₂ is found being the most stable. All the three structures are semiconductors with indirect band gaps. Very interestingly, the γ-TeSe₂ monolayer becomes a quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator with a global nontrivial energy gap of 0.14 eV when a 3.5% compressive strain is applied. The opening of the global band gap is understood by the competition between the decrease of the local band dispersion and the weakening of the interactions between the Se p_x, p_y orbitals and Te p_x, p_y orbitals during the process. Our work realizes topological states in the group-VI monolayers and promotes the potential applications of the materials in spintronics and quantum computations.     

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of rare-earth perovskite gallates from first principles

The density functional calculation is performed for centrosymmetric(La–Pm) GaO_3 rare earth gallates, using a full potential linear augmented plane wave method with the LSDA and LSDA+U exchange correlation to treat highly correlated electrons due to the very localized 4f orbitals of rare earth elements, and explore the influence of U = 0.478 Ry on the magnetic phase stability and the densities of states. LSDA+U calculation shows that the ferromagnetic(FM) state of RGaO_3 is energetically more favorable than the anti-ferromagnetic(AFM) one, except for LaGaO_3 where the NM state is the lowest in energy. The energy band gaps of RGaO_3 are found to be in the range of 3.8–4.0 eV, indicating the semiconductor character with a large gap.     

Influence of alkali metal superoxides on structure,electronic,and optical properties of Be_(12)O_(12) nanocage:Density functional theory study

The effect of alkali metal superoxides M_3O(M = Li,Na,K) on the electronic and optical properties of a Be_(12)O_(12) nanocage was studied by density functional theory(DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT).The energy gaps(Eg) of all configurations were calculated.Generally,the adsorption of alkali metal superoxides on the Be_(12)O_(12) nanocage causes a decrease of Eg.Electric dipole moment μ,polarizability α,and static first hyperpolarizability β were calculated and it was shown that the adsorption of alkali metal superoxides on Be_(12)O_(12) increases its polarizability.It was found that the absorption of M_3 O on Be_(12)O_(12) nanocluster improves its nonlinear optical properties.The highest first hyperpolarizability(β≈ 214000 a.u.) is obtained in the K_3O–Be_(12)O_(12)nanocluster.The TD-DFT calculations were performed to investigate the origin of the first hyperpolarizabilities and it was shown that a higher first hyperpolarizability belongs to the structure that has a lower transition energy.     

立方相Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_3和K_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_3的电子结构和结构不稳定性的第一性原理比较研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法比较研究了Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3和K1/2Bi1/2TiO3的电子结构、离子位移势能面和Γ声子等性质.结果表明,Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3和K1/2Bi1/2TiO3的电子结构很相似,价带由O 2p电子态主导并包含部分Ti 3d和Bi 6p电子态,导带低能部分由Ti 3d空轨道构成;K取代Na后其Ti—O和Bi—O键的键强略有增加.两者的离子位移势能面也很接近,O离子的偏心位移对结构不稳定性起主导作用,且K取代Na后其作用增强.Γ声子都存在3个软模,分析表明软模主要来自O6基团的振动,K取代Na后A2u软模发生硬化.