CdTe量子点荧光猝灭法测定微量铅

以CdTe量子点作为荧光探针,基于荧光猝灭法对铅进行了定量检测,考察了缓冲溶液体系、量子点浓度、反应时间等多种因素的影响。实验结果表明,在pH 7.5的0.2mol/L Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲液中,反应时间为10min,铅浓度为2.0×10-6—3.5×10-5mol/L范围时,其线性回归方程为ΔF=26.35+11.47C(×10-6mol/L),相关系数和检出限分别为0.9991和1.8×10-8mol/L。该方法灵敏度高,为铅的测定提供了新的方法。     

巯基琥珀酸修饰的CdTe量子点荧光猝灭法测定果蔬中的微量铜

以巯基琥珀酸(MSA)为稳定剂,在水溶液中制备稳定的CdTe量子点.基于Cu2+在磷酸盐缓冲液中对该量子点的荧光具有较强的猝灭作用,建立一种简便灵敏的测定铜的新方法.考察了量子点的浓度,缓冲液pH、和反应时间等对Cu2+测定的影响.结果表明,CdTe量子点浓度为0.0306mmol/L,在0.2mmol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)中,反应时间为5min,体系的相对荧光强度与Cu2+浓度呈良好的线性关系,其线性范围为1.28-38.4μg/L,检出限为0.023μg/L(3σ).方法操作简便,快速,可用于果蔬中Cu2+含量的测定.     

CdTe量子点荧光猝灭法测定钴

以CdTe量子点作为荧光探针,基于荧光猝灭法对钴(Ⅱ)进行了定量检测,考察了缓冲溶液体系、量子点浓度、反应时间等多种因素的影响。实验结果表明,在pH8.0的0.2mol/LNa2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲液中,反应时间为10min,钴(Ⅱ)浓度为1.6×10-5—20×10-5mol/L范围时,其线性回归方程为F0/F=1.45+0.096Q(10-5mol/L),检出限为3×10-7mol/L。该方法检测范围宽,灵敏度高,为钴的测定提供了新的方法。     

酶催化荧光光谱法测定盐酸多巴胺

利用盐酸多巴胺对血红蛋白酶催化荧光体系的猝灭作用,建立了酶催化荧光光谱法测定盐酸多巴胺的新方法.研究了该猝灭体系的最佳实验条件及动力学行为,测定的线性范围为2.1×10-8--8.4×10-4mol/L,检出限为8.2×10-9mol/L.对浓度为5.2×10-6mol/L的盐酸多巴胺进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差...     

谷胱甘肽修饰的CdTe量子点荧光猝灭法测定化妆品中的铅

以谷胱甘肽(GSH)为稳定剂,在水溶液中制备稳定的CdTe纳米量子点.根据Pb(Ⅱ)对CdTe量子点的荧光具有较强的猝灭效应,建立一种简便灵敏的测定铅的新方法.考察了缓冲液体系、缓冲液pH、量子点的浓度和反应时间等对pb2+测定的影响.结果表明,在Tris缓冲液(pH8.8)中,CdTe量子点浓度0.0306mmol/L,反应时间5min,体系的相对荧光强度与pb2+浓度呈良好的线性关系,其线性范围为10-105μg/L,检出限0.27μg/L(3σ),加标回收率在97.6％-101.8％之间.此方法操作简便,快速,可用于化妆品中铅(Ⅱ)含量的测定.     

异喹啉衍生物对单胺氧化酶的抑制作用

以pH 7.6 100mmol/L的磷酸钾缓冲液为反应体系,底物苄胺在单胺氧化酶的催化下生成苯甲醛,通过采用紫外分光光度法测定苯甲醛的含量,从而测得单胺氧化酶的活性.结果表明,大部分异喹啉衍生物对其有抑制作用,化合物5和化合物8效果显著,其IC50值分别为203.228μmol/L和124.137μmol/L,前者对单胺氧化酶的抑制作用为不可逆性抑制,而后者则为混合型的可逆性抑制机制.     

TiO2光催化降解废水中的甲硝唑

以低浓度甲硝唑为模型污染物,研究TiO2光催化降解甲硝唑废水.以5.0mL 60tmol/L的甲硝唑溶液为降解目标,考察了Cu2+浓度、溶液pH值、光照时间、TiO2用量等对甲硝唑降解率的影响.实验表明,当初始浓度为60μμmol/L的甲硝唑溶液、500mg/L H2O2溶液、225μmol/L的Cu2+溶液均取5.0mL参加反应,用硫酸调节pH约为3.0,当TiO2用量为4.12mg、光照反应时间为75min时,平均降解效果可达91.87％.     

酶解法提取香菇多糖的探讨

用酶解法提取香菇多糖,研究了酶解浓度、酶解时间、温度、pH等因素对多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,酶解法提取香菇多糖的最佳工艺为纤维素酶0.5%,果胶酶0.5%,木瓜蛋白酶1.0%,pH4.5,温度50℃,反应时间为80min,用酶水解后其多糖的提取率可达0.4588%。     

铋膜电极差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定镉

用铋膜电极对水样中的Cd2+进行了差分脉冲溶出伏安法检测.观察并优化了采用同位镀铋法测定水样中的镉离子时的影响条件.结果显示:镉可以在铋膜电极上得到灵敏的电位溶出峰.加入1/15mol/L的NazHPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液(pH7.5),在1.1V电压下富集300s,镉的检测下限达到0.1μg/L,在1-120μg/L内呈现良好的线性关系.每次使用完可方便的将电极上残留的镉和铋溶出,从而使得各次检测具有良好的重现性.     

负载型杂多酸对罗丹明B光催化降解的研究

以ZrO2-MoO3为载体制备了负载型硅钨杂多酸催化剂.以其为光催化剂,研究其对罗丹明B染料废水光催化降解的影响.实验结果表明:酸度、催化剂用量、溶液初始浓度是影响催化降解效果的重要因素.最佳催化条件为降解溶液酸度pH=2,催化剂最佳用量为0.5g/L,溶液的初始浓度为30mg/L,催化时间为2.5h.     

基于萘酰腙类锌离子增强型荧光探针的合成及光谱性能

设计合成了一种简单的酰腙类结构的增强型荧光探针HM,实现了对锌离子（Zn²⁺）的高选择性识别。运用ESI-MS质谱、荧光光谱和紫外-可见光谱等手段研究了探针HM对Zn²⁺的识别过程。紫外光谱测试表明,当向探针HM中加入Zn²⁺后,386 nm处的吸收峰逐渐减弱,在420 nm处出现了新的吸收峰,并且强度逐渐增大,直至达到平衡,等吸收点为396 nm。荧光光谱分析表明,探针HM能够高选择性地识别Zn²⁺。在发射波长510 nm处的荧光增强2.5倍,最低检出限为1.0×10^-5 mol/L、量子产率为0.02。该识别过程为PET（光诱导电子转移机理）和CHEF（螯合荧光增强机理）共同作用的结果。通过电喷雾质谱和Job's plot实验证明探针HM与Zn²⁺以1：1配位,平衡常数（K）达到4.05×10⁶ L·mol^-1。     

Study of influence of metal ions on CdTe/H2O2 chemiluminescence

Water-soluble CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) were synthesized and applied to study the effect of metal ions on chemiluminescence (CL) of the CdTe/H₂O₂ system. The effects of experimental factors, such as pH, particle sizes of CdTe and reagent concentration, on kinetics curve and CL intensity of the CdTe/H₂O₂ system were examined. The results showed that under the optimal conditions Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ enhanced the CL intensity, and Cr³⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ag⁺ inhibited the CL intensity.     

Enhancement of ultrasound-assisted extraction of sulforaphane from broccoli seeds via the application of microwave pretreatment

In this study, microwave pretreatment and grinding treatment were used to enhance sulforaphane formation, then ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to extract sulforaphane using simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction method. The effects of various parameters, which were ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, solid-water ratio and solid-ethyl acetate ratio on the extraction rate of sulforaphane were investigated. The results showed that microwave pretreatment enhanced sulforaphane formation. Excessive size reduction did not increase or even reduced extraction rate of sulforaphane. Simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction significantly increased extraction rate of sulforaphane compared to hydrolysis followed by extraction. UAE accelerated mass transfer and the solubilization of the targeted compounds due to the acoustic cavitation effect, thus enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin and the extraction rate of sulforaphane. The extraction rate of sulforaphane using UAE with simultaneous hydrolysis and extraction was 4.07-fold of the conventional extraction method. UAE was an effective method to extract sulforaphane from broccoli seeds since it led to higher yield of sulforaphane in a much shorter extraction time.     

Li~+,Zn~(2+),Mg~(2+)掺杂Lu_2O_3∶Er~(3+)荧光粉的制备及发光特性

用微波高温固相法合成了Er~(3+)单掺Lu_2O_3,Li~+与Er~(3+)共掺Lu_2O_3及Li~+,Zn~(2+),Mg~(2+)掺杂Lu_2O_3∶Er~(3+)的荧光粉。实验表明金属离子Li~+、Zn~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Er~(3+)掺杂Lu_2O_3,不影响Lu_2O_3的立方晶相。扫描电子显微镜测量表明,Li~+掺杂可以有效改善粉体的分散性和形貌,Li~+,Zn~(2+),Mg~(2+)共掺杂获得的粉体颗粒分布更加均匀,粒径范围为80～100 nm。379 nm激发下,Li~+与Er~(3+)共掺样品发光较单掺Er~(3+)样品在565 nm处的发光增强了4.5倍,而Li~+、Zn~(2+)、Mg~(2+)与Er~(3+)共掺样品较其发光增强5.3倍。980 nm激发下,Li~+与Er~(3+)共掺样品,Li~+、Zn~(2+)、Mg~(2+)与Er~(3+)共掺样品的发光分别比单掺Er~(3+)样品在565 nm处发光增强23倍与39倍,在662 nm处发光强度分别增强20倍与43倍。379 nm激发下,较单掺Er~(3+)的样品,掺杂Li~+的样品和Li~+,Zn~(2+),Mg~(2+)和Er~(3+)共掺的样品荧光寿命均有所增加,而Zn~(2+)、Er~(3+)共掺及Mg~(2+)、Er~(3+)共掺样品的荧光寿命则有所缩短。     

Influence of sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound-assisted air drying on the metabolic pathway of glucoraphanin in broccoli florets

In this investigation, the combinations of exogenous pretreatment (melatonin or vitamin C) and contact ultrasound-assisted air drying were utilized to dry broccoli florets. To understand the influences of the studied dehydration methods on the conversion of glucoraphanin to bioactive sulforaphane in broccoli, various components (like glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, myrosinase, etc.) and factors (temperature and moisture) involved in the metabolism pathway were analyzed. The results showed that compared with direct air drying, the sequential exogenous pretreatment and contact ultrasound drying shortened the drying time by 19.0–22.7%. Meanwhile, contact sonication could promote the degradation of glucoraphanin. Both melatonin pretreatment and vitamin C pretreatment showed protective effects on the sulforaphane content and myrosinase activity during the subsequent drying process. At the end of drying, the sulforaphane content in samples dehydrated by the sequential melatonin (or vitamin C) pretreatment and ultrasound-intensified drying was 14.4% (or 26.5%) higher than only air-dried samples. The correlation analysis revealed that the exogenous pretreatment or ultrasound could affect the enzymatic degradation of glucoraphanin and the generation of sulforaphane through weakening the connections of sulforaphane-myrosinase, sulforaphane-VC, and VC-myrosinase. Overall, the reported results can enrich the biochemistry knowledge about the transformation of glucoraphanin to sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables during drying, and the combined VC/melatonin pretreatment and ultrasound drying is conducive to protect bioactive sulforaphane in dehydrated broccoli.     

一种用于水中次氯酸根检测的高选择性裸眼比色探针

实时检测和监测水中的次氯酸根离子（ClO-）是极富挑战性的研究工作。报道了一种光学性能优异、“裸眼”可分辨的比色型探针分子（PAH）。首先利用高分辨质谱,核磁共振氢谱和核磁共振碳谱等方法对目标探针分子（PAH）的结构进行表征。随后,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱考察了不同pH缓冲溶液条件下探针PAH与次氯酸根离子的相互作用。结果显示,水溶性的探针分子PAH在pH值为2.0~5.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中为黄色溶液,其最大吸收峰在424 nm处;在pH值为6.0~12.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中PAH为紫色溶液,最大吸收峰在532 nm处;在不同pH缓冲液体系中分别加入次氯酸根离子,肉眼可观察PAH溶液颜色褪去,紫外-可见吸收光谱显示在424 nm处的特征吸收峰逐渐降低并在532 nm处出现新的吸收峰,溶液颜色从黄色到紫色然后到无色,特征峰明显消失。进一步优化了实验条件,发现在pH 5.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中,探针分子PAH对ClO-离子具有特定的选择性和灵敏度,并且具有较低检出限等优点;在优化的条件下,探究了常见的金属离子、阴离子等共存条件下,对探针分子PAH检测次氯酸根离子的干扰影响。实验发现,常见的金属离子（Li+,Co2+,Cr3+,K+,Cd2+,Pb2+,Ca2+,Hg2+,Ba2+,Cu2+,Mg2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Al3+和Fe3+）,阴离子（NO-₂,I-,AcO-,ClO-₄,SO2-₄,CN-,Br-,CO2-₃和F-）,活性氧（ROO·,·OH,H₂O₂,·O-₂,tBuOOH,tBuO·和1O₂）,和活性氮（ONOO-和NO·）等33种物质对探针分子检测ClO-离子的干扰较小。同时,探针PAH可以定量检测次氯酸根离子（y=1.586 78-0.524 51x,R2=0.998 52）,检出限为5.39 μmol·L-1。此外,对水体系（84消毒剂和自来水）中的次氯酸根离子浓度进行分析,三次平行试验测得自来水中次氯酸根离子的平均浓度为7.96 μmol·L-1,平均加标回收率高,表明探针PAH还可用于定量检测实际水体系中的次氯酸根离子。     

基于分光光度法痕量重金属传感模型和影响因素的研究

对近海和河流水中含量较高、污染较重的可溶态重金属镉(Cd~(2+))、铜(Cu~(2+)),锌(Zn~(2+))、镍(Ni~(2+))等的同时测量方法进行研究,研究四种参量各自的特征谱与吸光度的特点及四种参量互相影响时其浓度与特征波长总吸光度间的数学模型;重点研究四种离子同时传感测量时,不同pH值、温度、时间、显色剂量等因素对金属离子浓度测量值的影响,并通过实验给出影响规律.     

Investigation in the L.C.A.O.-M.O. Framework of the overlap and covalency contribution to the zero field splitting of S state ions

Using the L.C.A.O.-M.O. scheme, we review the different stages of the calculation of the overlap and covalency contribution to the zero-field splitting of ⁶S state ions. We calculate general molecular integrals involved in the non-local spin-spin contribution and derive analytic functions of the metal-ligand distance to fit numerical results of integral calculations for Mn²⁺---F⁻, Mn²⁺---O²⁻, Fe³⁺---F⁻and Fe³⁺---O²⁻ bonds. We use these results to calculate the zero-field splitting of Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions at Ca²⁺ or Zn²⁺ crystal sites of tetragonal or trigonal symmetry in diamagnetic host lattices (RbCaF₃ and KZnF₃).     

Residence time and charge state of silver and zinc ions generatedfrom microsecond vacuum arcs

One mm vacuum gaps with silver or zinc needle-cathode were fired by a 13 μs duration sinusoidal arc or a 9 μs duration exponentially decaying arc. Time-of-flight (TOF) ion measurements were made at variable ion extraction times after the arc ignition to measure the charge state and residence time of the ions. Ag⁺, Ag⁺⁺ and Ag⁺⁺⁺ ions were generated from silver cathode and Zn⁺ and Zn⁺⁺ were generated from zinc cathode. Residual gas atom ions were generated together with the metal ions. Residence times of silver and zinc ions at the acceleration space, which was 15-25 mm apart from the needle cathode, were 5 μs and 17 μs, respectively, regardless the waveform of the arc current. Charge state fractions of silver and zinc ions were determined from the TOF ion currents and were compared with the results by other researchers     

Sonochemically assisted synthesis of zinc-doped maghemite

Nanoparticles of zinc-doped maghemite were prepared using ultrasonic radiation. As a precursor, a suspension of maghemite in an alkaline aqueous solution of zinc nitrate at pH 9 was sonicated. The zinc-doped maghemite nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and SQUID magnetometry. The Mössbauer measurements, which cover the temperature range 4.2 K to room temperature, were acquired in zero field and an applied field of 5 T. The results show that by using ultrasound radiation, zinc Zn²⁺ can substitute for Fe³⁺ up to a composition close to zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄), which has a random distribution of Fe³⁺ ions over both A and B sublattices in the spinel structure with an inversity parameter of δ = 0.322. This leads to a maximum saturation magnetization (M_s) of 64.1 emu/g at 300 K and 73.5 emu/g at 2 K.