存在相位退相干时原子与光场相互作用的纠缠演化和保持

应用全量子理论研究了存在相位退相干时单模相干光场与一个二能级原子相互作用系统纠缠的时间演化规律;分别讨论了原子—光场耦合常数、光场的平均光子数以及失谐量的大小对场与原子纠缠的影响.结果表明:随着原子—光场耦合常数的增大和光场平均光子数的增加,系统纠缠的振荡频率都会明显增大.不存在相位退相干时,纠缠的时间演化明显受到失谐量的影响,若选取适当的失谐量,系统的纠缠可长时间保持在最大纠缠态.若考虑相位退相干的影响,则在共振情况下系统纠缠的时间演化是一个逐渐衰减的过程,且最终衰减到零;但若存在适当的失谐量,则在初始一段时间内系统的纠缠也是一个波动幅度逐渐衰减的过程,但随着时间的演化,失谐量抵消了相位退相干的影响,使系统的纠缠不再衰减到零.如果增大失谐量,纠缠在初始一段时间内波动的幅度会相应的减小,并且纠缠趋于稳定的时间也随着失谐量的增大而缩短;当失谐量适当时,系统可保持在纠缠相对较大的状态而无消纠缠态.     

相位退相干下二项式光场与原子相互作用的纠缠特性

利用全量子理论及部分转置矩阵负本征值的方法,研究了存在相位退相干时多光子T-C模型中两个二能级原子与二项式光场相互作用系统中两原子的纠缠演化特性。讨论了二项式光场的最大光子数M、二项式光场系数η、相位退相干系数γ、跃迁光子数m对原子间纠缠度的影响。结果表明:在γ的作用下,随着M的增加,两原子间纠缠较容易达到稳定的状态,且纠缠度的稳定值变大;选取适当的参量后,随着η的增加,两原子间的纠缠更容易趋于稳定状态,纠缠度稳定值将变小;η越小,纠缠演化的周期越明显。随着γ的增大,纠缠演化不具有周期性易趋于退纠缠。随着m的增大,振荡周期缩短,纠缠强度减弱。     

三能级原子与奇偶纠缠相干光作用的光场压缩

采用求解薛定谔方程和数值计算方法,研究了V型三能级原子与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场相互作用过程中的光场压缩效应,讨论了压缩效应与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场的纠缠程度、系统失谐量、双模光场的平均光子数和原子基态概率幅的依赖关系。结果表明：光场压缩效应与双模奇偶纠缠相干光场的纠缠程度、失谐量、平均光子数和原子初态相关联：双模纠缠相干光场处于非纠缠状态时的光场压缩量比光场处于纠缠状态时要大;原子处在单纯的基态或激发态时光场都有明显的压缩现象出现;而原子初态中基态和激发态的概率幅较接近时无光场压缩现象;无论光场是否处于纠缠态,只有两模平均光子数接近时,光场才会出现压缩效应。     

纠缠相干态光场驱动下∧-型三能级原子的辐射谱

采用时间演化算符方法,研究∧-型=三能级原子与纠缠相干态光场共振相互作用的辐射谱.给出了辐射谱一般公式,并讨论在纠缠相干态光场驱动下的辐射频谱结构.结果表明,无论下能级简并与否纠缠相干态光场平均光子数很小时均出现拉比分裂,且强度随双模光场纠缠程度的增加而增加.当两下能级简并时,若两模场的平均光子数较小,辐射谱呈现对称多峰结构,若两模场的平均光子数较大,辐射谱呈现对称五峰结构.当两下能级非简并时,若两模场的平均光子数较小,辐射谱呈现对称多峰结构.若两模场的平均光子数较大,辐射谱呈现对称十峰结构.纠缠相干光与非纠缠相干光辐射谱的本质差别有两点:一是双模光场强量子关联导致纠缠度越强拉比峰强度越高;二是存在纠缠时由于两模场相干性导致辐射谱呈现对称多峰结构.     

双模场与原子相互作用中的量子纠缠和内禀退相干

通过求解系统的Milburn方程，研究了两能级原子与双模SU(1,1)相干态光场发生相互作用系统中，原子与场的纠缠及双模SU(1,1)相干态场的模间纠缠随时间的演化问题，讨论了内禀退相干、双模光子数差等对纠缠度的影响.结果表明，存在内禀退相干时，随着时间的演化，场-原子纠缠逐渐减小到一个确定值，而模间纠缠逐渐增大到一个确定值，两者演化的最终值只取决于双模光子数差和平均光子数，而与内禀退相干因子无关. 关键词： Milburn理论 SU(1 1)相干态 量子约化熵 量子相对熵     

双模光场与运动三能级原子作用系统的反聚束效应

采用求解Schrdinger方程和数值计算方法,研究了双模纠缠相干光场与运动V型三能级原子相互作用过程中的聚束和反聚束效应.结果表明:平均光子数变动不大,系统就会由聚束效应跃变为反聚束效应,关联程度最强;平均光子数取一定数值时,原子运动速度增大引起时间演化曲线显著上移,振荡周期变小,对系统的聚束和反聚束效应也有较强影响.当平均光子数较大时,原子初态和双模纠缠相干光场的纠缠度无任何影响;仅当平均光子数较小时,原子初态和双模纠缠相干光场的纠缠度变化引起曲线振荡幅度变化,位置发生小幅度移动,产生弱关联.     

Λ型三能级原子与数态单模光场互作用系统的纠缠特性

通过计算场的量子力学熵讨论了Λ型三能级原子与数态单模光场互作用系统的纠缠和退纠缠时间演化规律.结果表明，系统的纠缠呈现周期性，最大纠缠度依赖于原子初态、初始场光 子数及场失谐量与耦合系数之比.一周期内出现最大纠缠和退纠缠的次数与初始场光子数无 关.近简并下能级初始相对位相影响场熵演化，而激发态和基态之间的初始相对位相对场熵 演化无影响.     

内禀退相干下二项式光场与原子互作用的场熵演化

通过求解系统的Milburn 方程,研究了二项式光场与二能级原子相互作用系统中的场熵演化特性,讨论了内禀退相干、二项式光场系数和场的最大光子数对场熵演化的影响.结果表明二项式光场处于中间态时,由于内禀退相干,场熵振荡准周期性减弱,并随着时间的演化,场与原子纠缠逐渐趋近于一个定值,说明存在內禀退相干时,场与原子仍能纠缠;当內禀退相干因子不变时,二项式光场从相干态过渡到中间态,直至数态过程中,场熵值减小,场与原子的纠缠减弱.     

∧型三能级原子与数态单模光场互作用系统的纠缠特性

通过计算场的量子力学熵讨论了∧型三能级原子与数态单模光场互作用系统的纠缠和退纠缠时间演化规律．结果表明，系统的纠缠呈现周期性，最大纠缠度依赖于原子初态、初始场光子数及场失谐量与耦合系数之比．一周期内出现最大纠缠和退纠缠的次数与初始场光子数无关．近简并下能级初始相对位相影响场熵演化，而激发态和基态之间的初始相对位相对场熵演化无影响．     

增加光子纠缠相干态的统计性质

引入了增加光子纠缠相干态.研究了在纠缠相干态的某个模上加入光子对光场统计性质的影响.由于两个场模间的纠缠,在a模上加入光子不但可以使a模的平均光子数增加,也可以使b模的平均光子数发生变化(增加或减少).加入光子后,光场的亚泊松分布和压缩特征得到明显增强. 关键词： 纠缠 增加光子态 统计性质     

Intrinsic decoherence of entanglement of a single quantized field interacting with atwo-level atom

How the mean photon number, the probability of excited state and intrinsic decoherence coefficient influence the time evolution of entanglement is unknown, when a single-mode quantized optic field and a two-level atom coupling system is governed by Milburn equation. The Jaynes-Cummings model is considered. A lower bound of concurrence is proposed to calculate the entanglement. Simulation results indicate that the entanglement of system increases following the increasing of intrinsic decoherence coefficient or the decreasing of the mean photon number. Besides that, the entanglement of system decreases, while the probability of exited state increases from 0 to 0.1, and increases, while the probability of exited state increases from 0.1 to 1.     

Intrinsic decoherence of entanglement of a single quantized field interacting with a two-level atom

How the mean photon number, the probability of excited state and intrinsic decoherenee coefficient in-fluence the time evolution of entanglement is unknown, when a single-mode quantized optic field and a two-levelatom coupling system is governed by Milburn equation. The Jaynes-Cummings model is considered. A lowerhound of concurrence is proposed to calculate the entanglement. Simulation results indicate that the entanglementof system increases following the increasing of intrinsic decoherence coefficient or the decreasing of the mean photon number. Besides that, the entanglement of system decreases, while the probability of exited state increasesfrom 0 to 0.1, and increases, while the probability of exited state increases from 0.1 to 1.     

Entanglement of two atoms in two-mode Raman coupled model with intrinsic decoherence

Considering intrinsic decoherence, the two-atom two-mode Raman coupled model is investigated in this paper. Utilizing the constants of motion in this model, we obtain the analytic expressions of the density operator of the system for investigating the entanglement of two atoms. The speed of entanglement decay increases with the increasing of the coupling coefficient of one atom. The difference between the oscillation periods when the initial state parameter of atomic subsystem belongs to two intervals becomes smaller with the increasing of the coupling coefficient of one atom. The increasing of the initial photon number of the second field can hasten the vanishing of entanglement of atomic subsystem. The robustness of atomic entanglement against decoherence depends on the interval of the initial state parameter of atomic subsystem.     

Coarse graining makes it hard to see micro-macro entanglement

Observing quantum effects such as superpositions and entanglement in macroscopic systems requires not only a system that is well protected against environmental decoherence, but also sufficient measurement precision. Motivated by recent experiments, we study the effects of coarse graining in photon number measurements on the observability of micro-macro entanglement that is created by greatly amplifying one photon from an entangled pair. We compare the results obtained for a unitary quantum cloner, which generates micro-macro entanglement, and for a measure-and-prepare cloner, which produces a separable micro-macro state. We show that the distance between the probability distributions of results for the two cloners approaches zero for a fixed moderate amount of coarse graining. Proving the presence of micro-macro entanglement therefore becomes progressively harder as the system size increases.     

Dynamics of a Moving Two-Level Atom Under the Influence of Intrinsic Decoherence

We present a general and fascinating problem of quantum entanglement (QE) that is calculated with the help of quantum Fisher information (QFI) and von Neumann entropy (VNE) for moving two-level atomic systems. We calculate numerically the temporal evolution of the state vector of the entire system under the influence of intrinsic decoherence for a moving two-level atom. We demonstrate that the phase shifts of an estimator parameter, intrinsic decoherence, and the atomic motion play an important and prominent role during the time evolution of the atomic system. We observe that there is a monotonic relation between the atomic quantum Fisher information (QFI) and quantum entanglement (QE) in the absence of atomic motion. We also show that at the revival time the local maximum values of QFI decreases gradually. A periodic behavior of QFI is observed in the presence of atomic motion, which becomes more important and remarkable for two-level atomic systems. Moreover, the atomic quantum Fisher information and entanglement demonstrate an opposite response during the time evolution in the presence of atomic motion. We show that the evolution of entanglement is more susceptible to the intrinsic decoherence; a considerable change occurs in the degree of entanglement when the intrinsic decoherence parameter increases. Intrinsic decoherence in the atom–field interaction represses the nonclassical effects of the atomic systems. Both the entanglement and the quantum Fisher information saturate to their lower levels for longer time scales in the presence of intrinsic decoherence. For larger values of intrinsic decoherence, the sudden death of entanglement is observed.     

Entanglement and Pancharatnam Phase for Two Two-Level Atoms Interacting with a Single Mode Field

A model of two 2-level atoms interacts with a single quantized electromagnetic field is considered. We study the effect of the mean photon number and the structure of the initial states of the two atoms on the dynamics of the atomic system from the separability point of view. It is found that, if we start from a product mixed atomic state, the probability of generating long living entangled states is increased as the mean photon number increases. Starting from excited atomic system in product state, one generates a more stable entangled states with high degree of entanglement. Also, the effect of the mean photon number on atomic system prepared initially in entangled states is investigated. It is found that the entangled state generated from the initially partial entangled states are more robust than those obtained from a maximum entangled state. The Pancharatnam phase for the separable and entangled states is studied under the effect of the mean photon number and the structure of the initial state. We find that for the separable states, the collapses decrease and the amplitude of the revivals is smaller than that for the entangled state, so there are long-living entangled phases. This property give us a great chances to store safely information in entangled state.     

Thermal Field and Intrinsic Decoherence Effects on the Dynamics of N-level Moving Atomic System

Dynamical behaviour of Quantum Entanglement (QE) and atomic Quantum Fisher Information (AQFI) for a moving N-level atomic system is studied in a thermal environment. Time evolution of state vector of the entire system interacting with thermal field is calculated numerically in the presence of intrinsic decoherence. It is observed that intrinsic decoherence and thermal environment play dominant role during the time evolution of the quantum system. AQFI and entanglement show an opposite behaviour during its time evolution in the presence of thermal environment. AQFI is observed to be more prone to intrinsic decoherence as compared to the entanglement in a thermal environment. AQFI is found to be more prone to intrinsic decoherence as compared to the QE in a thermal environment. QE is found decaying when the parameter of intrinsic decoherence is increased in the absence of atomic motion. The damping behaviour of QE is observed for longer time-scales. The periodic response of entanglement due to atomic motion becomes moderate under the influence of these environments. The intrinsic decoherence and thermal environment are found to suppress the nonclassical effects of the quantum system. QE and AQFI saturate to a lower level for larger time-scales under the influence of these environments. Furthermore, the dynamics of AQFI and von Neumann entropy (VNE) changes remarkably by changing the mean number of photons.

     

Influence of Intrinsic Decoherence on Entanglement of Superconducting Charge Qubit in a Resonant Cavity

Taking the intrinsic decoherence effect into account, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of a superconducting charge qubit in a single-mode optical cavity. Concurrence, as the measure of entanglement of the coupled field-junction system, is calculated. In comparison, we also consider the entanglement of the system by using the entanglement parameter based on the ratio between mutual entropy and partial Von-Neumann entropy to investigate how the intrinsic decoherence affects the entanglement of the coupling system. Our results show that the evolution of the entanglement parameter has the behaviour similar to the concurrence and it is thus the well measure of entanglement for the mixed state in such a coupling system.