高压密封微波消解-ICP-AES法测定五种蒙药中无机元素

采用HNO3-HClO4消解体系分别对额日敦-乌日勒、德都红花七味丸、通拉嘎-5、乌珠目-7、给旺-9等五种蒙药样品进行高压微波消解制样,利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定了镁、铝、钙、铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、硒、锶、钼、银、镉和铅等17种无机元素的含量。通过添加标准回收实验,回收率均在97.25%~106.35%之间,验证了分析数据的可靠性。所有元素测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于3.3%,具有良好的准确度和精密度。实验结果表明,其中常量元素Ca,Mg和Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu的含量较高,测定结果可为开发研制蒙药新制剂、研制蒙药的质量控制标准和提高蒙药药效提供理论依据。     

内蒙古兴和县育龄妇女头发中矿质元素分布及影响因素研究

使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)分别对内蒙古自治区兴和县180名农村育龄妇女头发中21种矿物元素(铝,硼,钡,钙,镉,钴,铬,铜,铁,镁,锰,钼,镍,铅,硒,硅,锡,锶,钛,钒和锌)的含量及年龄、生育史及饮食习惯等对其产生的影响进行了研究。结果表明,大多数矿物元素(硼,镉,铬,钴,铜,铁,镁,锰,钼,镍,铅,硒,硅,锡,锶,钛,钒和锌)含量从青年组(18～29岁)到老年组(40～45岁)依次减少,而中年组(30～39岁)的钙,镁,锰、铅的含量最低。生育二胎的妇女钙,镁,锰,钼,镍,铅,锡,锶和锌含量最低,这可能与生育次数的增加有关,相关性分析证实钙,铅和锡与生育史有显著性相关。此外,饮食习惯也会影响头发中矿物质元素的含量。经常食用酸菜会导致锌,铁,铜,锰,锶含量水平较低,但钼,铅和硒含量水平较高。而且,锌和硒含量随肉类摄入频率增加而增加。规律性摄入蔬菜会增加硅的含量。同时,经常食用水果会增加锰,镍和钛的含量水平。因此,该研究为解决不均衡饮食习惯盛行的农村地区生育和妇女健康提供基础数据和有用的信息。     

西洋参中无机元素的主成分分析和聚类分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP/MS)法测定了12个西洋参样品中18种无机元素的含量,建立西洋参无机元素指纹谱,并用SPSS主成分分析法对西洋参中的特征元素进行分析;主成分分析选出五个主因子,得出西洋参的特征元素为Fe,Al,V,Mn,Mg,Sr,Mo,Ca,Cu;聚类分析将12个西洋参样品聚成五大类,表明元素的分布特征与西洋参的品种关系显著;主成分分析法和聚类分析法是西洋参无机元素分析的有效方法.     

ICP-AES测定青岛崂山绿茶中的微量元素

采用HNO3-H2O2混合酸,密闭微波消解样品,应用ICP-AES测定青岛崂山绿茶中Al、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Pb、Se、Sr、V和Zn等17种营养元素及重金属元素的含量。测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于3.50%,对17种元素的加标回收率在90.0%—110.2%之间,采用该方法测得的茶叶标准物质（GBW10016）的17种元素的值均在标准值范围内,方法准确度高。实验结果表明青岛崂山绿茶中含有大量对人体有益的元素包括Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Se、Sr、V和Zn等,另外也检测到含有Al,Cd和Pb等有毒、有害元素,但是含量很低,对人体的不利影响可以忽略不计。     

Trace element analysis of fly ash samples by EDXRF technique

Trace element analysis of some fly ash samples and soil samples have been carried out by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence technique. Fourteen elements namely K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr and Pb have been quantified in the fly ash samples by this technique. It was found that there is no huge concentration difference between the fly ash and soil samples as a result of which fly ash can be used as soil manure without any adverse impact on the plants.      

ICP-AES法测定慢性乙肝患者头发中生命元素

建立了用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法同时分析头发中多种生命元素的方法,方法的相对标准偏差为１．４％￣４．９％,回收率介于９４％￣１２９％之间。测定了东莞地区１５９例在样大学生慢性乙肝患者头发样品中的Ａｌ、Ｂａ、Ｃａ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｚｎ等十三种生命元素的含量,并和健康人比较,初步分析了头发中生命元素含量和慢性乙型肝炎的相关性。     

ICP-AES法测定猫爪草中常量及微量元素

运用ICP—AES法对河南、新疆产猫爪草中常量及微量元素进行了测定。结果表明猫爪草含K,Fe,Ca,Cr,Mg,Mn,Zn,Co,Cu,Ni,Se,Sr等多种常量及微量元素,微量元素Pb,Cd,As等的含量甚微;研究发现猫爪草块根中Zn/Cu值为3左右,与抗癌中药中微量元素的含量有Zn高Cu低的现象一致。     

ICP-AES法同时测定铬酸钾中杂质元素

应用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定K2CrO4中微量Ca,Mg,Ba,Co,Cd,Cu,Mn,Pb,Sr,Zn,Al,Fe,Ni,Ti,Si,V等杂质元素含量.通过选掸合适的分析谱线,采用基体匹配法消除了样品中基体元素的干扰.结果表明,在选定的测定条件下,方法的标准曲线线性关系良好(R2=0.998 6～1.000),实验测得16种元素的检出限在0.075～2.625 mg·kg-1之间,两次测定的加标回收率在83.7%～113.0%之间,9次测定的RSD小于9.48%.实验表明该方法快速、简便、准确、可靠,可用于实际样品分析.通过对测定结果的分析,得出K2CrO4中含有较高含量的Ca,Mg,Al,Si,不能直接用来作为离子膜法电催化合成铬酸酐的原料,必须对K2CrO4进行进一步的精制.     

依赖性药物滥用者头发中微量元素测定及相关分析

为了探讨依赖性药物滥用者头发中微量元素营养水平的变化情况及微量元素与滥用依赖性药物间的相关性,用ICP-AES法测定了195例戒毒所收容的强制戒毒人员和200例健康对照者头发中Al,Ba,Ca,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mg,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sr,Zn等13种微量元素的含量;用SPSS统计软件进行相关分析。结果表明,依赖性药物滥用者头发中锌、钙含量明显低于对照组,铅、铁和镁则明显高于对照组(p＜0.001)。用皮尔逊相关分析分析了依赖性药物滥用者头发中微量元素的相关性,为改善依赖性药物滥用者戒毒期间的免疫功能和巩固戒毒效果提供了依据。     

Levels and sources of heavy metal contamination in road dust in selected major highways of Accra,Ghana

Environmental studies have revealed significant contributions of vehicular exhaust emissions to high pollution levels in urban dwellings. The levels and sources of heavy metal contaminations of some major roads in Accra have been investigated in this work. Street dust samples collected from four major roads in Accra (Mallam Junction‐Weija road, John Teye‐Pokuase road, Tema Motorway and Tetteh Quarshie Interchange in Accra) were analysed for their elemental concentrations using energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence. Twenty elements were identified: K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr and Pb. Significant concentration levels were obtained for K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr and Pb in all the samples and were used for the source identification. Enrichment factors and principal component analysis were used to verify the anthropogenic contribution to road dust. Results obtained for the enrichment factors showed moderate enrichment for V, Cr and Cu, while Zn, Br, Zr and Pb were significantly enriched. Principal component analysis identified four sources and their contributions to the elemental contents in the road dust. Natural crust, brake wear, tyre wear and vehicle exhaust emission were the four sources identified. The contribution of vehicular non‐exhaust emissions to heavy metal contamination in the road dust was found to be greater than that of exhaust emissions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金（山）银花药材中15种金属元素的测定

为比较金银花、山银花中金属元素的含量是否存在差异,用王水对金银花、山银花进行消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了它们中Na、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Co、Cr、Ni、Mn、Sn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Ag、Au等金属元素的含量.发现金银花、山银花中Na、Ca、Fe、Ni、Mn元素含量差异较大,他们所含的重金属元素超标.     

Effect of radiation therapy on trace elemental concentrations of hair samples of cervical cancer patients—PIXE technique

Trace elemental analysis of hair samples from subjects suffering with cervical cancer before radiation therapy and at successive intervals during radiation therapy was carried out using the PIXE technique. A 2 MeV proton beam was employed. The elements Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were identified and their relative concentrations were estimated. The concentrations of Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni and Zn were found to be lower in hair samples of cervical cancer patients before radiation therapy than those from controls, whereas the concentration of Cu showed the opposite trend. The concentrations of Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb showed a definite trend of variation with successive intervals of radiation therapy, which indicates that these elements are affected during radiation therapy. The Cu/Zn ratio also decreases with successive radiation therapy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

密封消解ICP-AES和ICP-MS测定中日两国茶叶中23种矿质元素

收集了13种中国茶叶和6种日本茶叶,在进行密封消解后,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了茶叶中Al,Ba,Ca,Cd,Ce,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Fe,La,Mg,Mn,Na,Ni,Pb,Rb,Sb,Sr,Th,U,Y和Zn等23种矿质元素的含量,并用茶叶标准参考物质(GBW07605)评价了分析方法的准确度。研究结果表明：密封消解有助于获得较为准确的茶叶中矿质元素含量的分析结果;与日本茶叶相比,中国茶叶中Cd,Co,Cr,Cs,Fe,Pb,Rb,Sb,Th,U和Zn等元素含量显著偏高(P＜0.05),预示大气重金属污染程度中国较日本严重。另外,还发现茶叶中一些矿质元素含量之间有很强的线性相关性。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定白酒中23种微量元素

应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)建立了定量分析江西白酒中As,Ba,Co,Ni,Cu,Be,Sr,Cr,Mn,Li,P,Se,Pb,Bi,Cd,B,Zn,Mg,Fe,K,Na,Ca,Al等23种微量元素的新方法。考察了不同地域生产的白酒以及同一厂家生产的不同酒精度和品质白酒中微量元素含量的差别。白酒经少量硝酸消化,样品消解完全,可以满足ICP-AES检测的要求。结果的相对标准偏差为0～5.81%,加标回收率为90.5%～107.6%,方法具有较好的准确度和精密度。研究结果可作为进一步探讨白酒质量与微量元素之间关联性的参考。     

新疆野生樱桃李及栽培品种果肉中17种元素含量ICP-MS法测定

比较紫色,红色和黄色三种新疆野生樱桃李及栽培品种果肉中无机元素的含量,样品采用微波消解方法进行前处理,ICP-MS法检测其中K,Ca,Mg,Na,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Be,Li,Se,Sr,Cr,Pb,Cd,As,Hg等17种元素。该检测方法快速简便,精密度高且具有较高的灵敏度,17种元素的加标回收率在93.5%～110.4%。分析结果表明紫色,红色和黄色三种新疆野生樱桃李及栽培品种果肉中的17种元素含量均较为接近,均含有极为丰富的K元素,含量高达1‰左右,Ca,Mg,Na,Fe,Mn均为含量较高的金属元素且含量依次降低,Cu,Zn,Li,Se,Sr,Cr也有一定含量,Pb,Cd,As,Hg等有害元素含量极低或未检出。实验结果为研究新疆野生樱桃李与栽培品种果肉中微量元素含量提供参考数据。     

Energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence analysis of modern coloured glasses from Marinha Grande (Portugal)

The elemental composition (K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Ba, Nd and Pb) of modern coloured glasses was obtained by energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. This non‐destructive technique is frequently used in the analysis of historical glass objects. Two reference glasses were also measured to assess the overall accuracy of the EDXRF method. Reference and unknown glasses were analysed without any preparation. The coloured glass samples studied belong to the Glass Museum of Marinha Grande and were chosen from two distinct collections, which were characterized by the different concentrations of some elements (K, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ba and Pb). The determined major elements allowed the identification of two raw materials used in glass manufacture, sand and lime. Multivariate statistical analysis, namely principal component extraction, simplified the identification of some of the colouring chemical elements, associating them with the different colours of the glass objects. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterization of essential and toxic elements in cephalopod tissues by EDXRF and AAS

Concentrations of K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Hg and Pb were measured in the muscle, digestive glands and gonads of Octopus vulgaris, Lolligo vulgaris and Sepia officinalis captured in the west and south coast of Portugal. Essential elements (K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb and Sr) were obtained by energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, while toxic elements (Cr, Ni, Cd, Hg and Pb) were obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. The latter technique was used owing to its higher sensitivity, since these elements were not detected by the first technique. The tissues of the three species present a similar pattern for essential elements. Potassium and Ca are present at the highest concentration in all the studied samples. The highest levels for toxic elements were found in the digestive glands, exceeding the maximum allowed values in the case of Se and Cd. However, in the muscle tissue these values were never reached. Comparing both coasts, we can say that the west coast presents higher levels of Pb while the south coast presents enhanced levels of Hg. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemical elements and certain risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases in the population of Novosibirsk

In a population sample of residents of Novosibirsk between the ages of 45 and 69, the complex of the following chemical components of blood is determined by SR XRF: K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ge, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, and Pb. Risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases are determined: obesity, arterial hypertension, dislipidemia, and their associations with chemical elements Ca, Cu, Rb, Y, and Pb.     

不同产地珠子参中微量元素含量分析

分析不同产地珠子参中微量元素的含量变化情况。应用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定不同产地珠子参中Ca、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ga、Li、Mg、Mn、Ni、Sn、Sr、Ti、Tl、V、Zn、Pb 16种微量元素的含量。结果表明,不同产地珠子参中各微量元素含量有所差异,陕西宁强产珠子参中Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu等含量高于其他产地。珠子参中微量元素的含量与产地的土壤、水质等有关。