一个二次多项式混沌系统的均匀化及其熵分析

利用已有理论给出了一个二次多项式混沌系统,证明了该系统与Tent映射拓扑共轭,给出了该混沌系统的概率密度函数;并根据此概率密度函数,得到了轨道均匀分布的反三角函数映射;对均匀化前后的混沌系统在不同参数下产生序列的信息熵、Kolmogorov熵、离散熵的特性进行了分析,结果显示均匀化后产生的混沌序列混沌程度不改变且具有更好的均匀性.     

混沌伪随机序列的谱熵复杂性分析

为了准确分析混沌伪随机序列的结构复杂性,采用谱熵算法对Logistic映射、Gaussian映射和TD-ERCS系统产生的混沌伪随机序列复杂度进行了分析.谱熵算法具有参数少、对序列长度N(惟一参数)和伪随机进制数K鲁棒性好的特点.采用窗口滑动法分析了混沌伪随机序列的复杂度演变特性,计算了离散混沌系统不同初值和不同系统参数条件下的复杂度.研究表明,谱熵算法能有效地分析混沌伪随机序列的结构复杂度;在这三个混沌系统中,TD-ERCS系统为广域高复杂度混沌系统,复杂度性能最好;不同窗口和不同初值条件下的混沌系统复杂度在较小范围内波动.为混沌序列在信息安全中的应用提供了理论和实验依据.     

混沌伪随机序列复杂度分析的符号动力学方法

通过将混沌伪随机序列看成一个符号序列，提出了用符号动力学的 方法来分析混沌伪随机序列的复杂度.以Logistic映射和耦合映射格子系统产生的混沌伪随 机序列为例，说明了该方法的应用，并将计算结果与近似熵ApEn法的计算结果作了比较.结 果表明，该方法可以有效地判断出不同的混沌伪随机序列的复杂程度，而且比近似熵法更为 优越. 关键词： 混沌 伪随机序列 符号动力学 熵     

一种确定混沌伪随机序列复杂度的模糊关系熵测度

将模糊关系的概念引入混沌伪随机序列复杂度的测度方法之中,提出了一种新的混沌伪随机序列复杂度测度方法——模糊关系熵(fuzzy relationship entropy,简记为F-REn)测度方法,并推导了F-REn的两个基本性质.仿真结果表明,该测度方法能够有效测度混沌伪随机序列的复杂度,与近似熵(ApEn)测度方法和符号熵测度方法相比,F-REn测度具有更加好的对序列符号空间的适用性、更加小的对测量维度的敏感性和更加强的对分辨率参数的鲁棒性. 关键词： 混沌伪随机序列 模糊理论 复杂度     

单参数Lorenz混沌系统的电路设计与实现

为了研究混沌系统的性质及其应用,采用分立元件设计并实现了单参数Lorenz混沌系统,系统参数与电路元件参数一一对应.通过调节电路中的可变电阻,观察到了该单参数系统的极限环、叉式分岔、倍周期分岔和混沌等动力学现象,以及该系统由倍周期分岔进入混沌的过程.研究了分数阶单参数Lorenz系统存在混沌的必要条件,找出了分数阶单参数Lorenz系统出现混沌的最低阶数以及最低阶数随系统参数变化的一般规律.电路仿真与电路实现研究表明,单参数Lorenz系统具有物理可实现性、丰富的动力学特性以及理论分析与实验结果的一致性.     

周期脉冲作用下Logistic映射的复杂动力学行为及其分岔分析

研究了两种周期脉冲作用下Logistic映射的复杂动力学行为. 随着参数的变化, 该系统产生平衡解、周期解、混沌等现象, 且该系统可经级联倍周期分岔到达混沌. 通过构造Poincaré 映射, 对周期脉冲作用下Logistic映射进行了分岔分析. 最后基于Floquet理论揭示了该系统周期解的分岔机理. 关键词： Logistic映射 脉冲 周期解 分岔机理     

一维简并双参数四次方映射的符号动力学

研究了一维简并双参数四次方映射的符号动力学，构造了揉平面的超稳轨道的骨架图及关节点。根据拓扑熵定义，给出了拓扑熵混沌存在的判据。 关键词：     

只有一个非线性项的超混沌系统

构造了只包含一个非线性项的四维超混沌系统,得到了系统的Lyapunov指数谱、周期轨道、拟周期轨道、混沌和超混沌吸引子.给出了此超混沌系统的电路实现原理图,利用EWB仿真得到了与数值仿真完全相符的动力学行为.同时给出了实现此超混沌系统同步的一种方法,并利用严格数学理论证明了该混沌同步方法.在同步过程中并未删除响应系统的非线性项,理论分析与仿真计算表明同步方法的有效性. 关键词： 四维超混沌系统 非线性项 Lyapunov指数谱     

一种混沌伪随机序列复杂度分析法

分析了已有的序列线性复杂度分析方法，提出了用近似熵算法计算混沌运动的测度熵，作为衡量混沌伪随机序列复杂度的标准.理论研究表明，利用较短的观察序列，该方法能够准确地反映混沌系统和混沌伪随机序列复杂度的大小，可以作为判断利用混沌系统产生的伪随机序列的复杂度准则.实验结果表明该方法的有效性和理论结果的正确性. 关键词： 混沌 伪随机序列 熵     

一种新的分段非线性混沌映射及其性能分析

研究了logistic混沌映射的相关性质,指出当系统参数取值改变时,产生的混沌序列在相空间不具有遍历性.基于以上分析,构造了一种分段logistic混沌映射,对logistic映射和定义的分段logistic映射的分岔图和Lyapunov指数进行了研究,同时通过实验对这二种映射生成序列的随机性、相关系数、功率谱等性能进行了比较分析.在此基础上,定义了一种新的混沌系统性能评价指标——分岔迭代次数.结果表明,定义的分段logistic映射不仅具有良好的遍历性,而且对应的混沌系统相关评价指标的性能良好. 关键词： 混沌系统 相关系数 Lyapunov指数 功率谱     

基于参数切换算法的混沌系统吸引子近似及其电路设计

基于参数切换算法和离散混沌系统, 设计一种新的混沌系统参数切换算法, 给出了两算法的原理. 采用混沌吸引子相图观测法, 研究了不同算法下统一混沌系统和Rössler混沌系统参数切换结果, 最后引入方波发生器, 设计了Rössler混沌系统参数切换电路. 结果表明, 采用参数切换算法可以近似出指定参数下的系统, 其吸引子与该参数下吸引子一致; 基于离散系统的参数切换结果更为复杂, 当离散序列分布均匀时, 只可近似得到指定参数下的系统; 相比传统切换混沌电路, 参数切换电路不用修改原有系统电路结构, 设计更为简单, 输出结果受方波频率影响, 通过加入合适频率的方波发生器, 数值仿真与电路仿真结果一致.     

Limit cycles and chaos in realistic models of the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction system

Effects of spatial variation in the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction is studied numerically by adopting the Field-Noyes kinetics (Oregonator) and the Zhabotinskii-Zaikin-Korzukhin-Kreitser kinetics. This is carried out for a spatially-discrete model composed ofN equivalent cells interacting through gradient coupling. When the system is near the boundary at which a uniform steady state bifurcates into a limit cycle, it is found with the aid of a perturbation expansion that the above models withN=3 exhibit various types of oscillations depending on the interaction strength between cells. Chaotic characteristics are also observed for a certain region of parameters. It is shown that the ZZKK model withN=2 exhibits a different kind of chaos when the size of the limit cycle becomes sensitive to external parameters, e.g., the concentrations of bromate ion or bromomalonic acid. Although each cell is equivalent, symmetry about cell numbers usually breaks down in a periodic state. It is found, however, that symmetry is recovered for the former kind of chaos, while the latter kind of chaos, there exists an asymmetric chaos as well as symmetric chaos. This has been examined by the time evolution of a certain concentration variable and by its Lorenz plot. In the asymmetric chaos, the Lorenz plot constitutes approximately a one-dimensional map. Furthermore, possible connections of the present limit cycles and chaos with the experiments of Zhabotinskii and Vavilin-Zhabotinskii-Zaikin are suggested.     

Investigating Route to Chaos in Nonlinear Plasmonic Dimer

The route to chaos of a plasmonic dimer formed of two identical nanoparticles with Kerr-type nonlinear response and illuminated by an external electric field is reported. It is shown that this system has a complex dynamical behavior with chaotic nature. This complexity is analyzed using Lyapunov exponents, the Kaplan–Yorke dimension, and correlation dimensions. The existence of familiar period-doubling sequences route to chaos is pointed out, and domains corresponding to the onset of period doubling and chaos in the plane of parameters are evidenced.     

Modulated amplitude waves and defect formation in the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation

The transition from phase chaos to defect chaos in the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation (CGLE) is related to saddle-node bifurcations of modulated amplitude waves (MAWs). First, the spatial period P of MAWs is shown to be limited by a maximum P_SN which depends on the CGLE coefficients; MAW-like structures with period larger than P_SN evolve to defects. Second, slowly evolving near-MAWs with average phase gradients ν≈0 and various periods occur naturally in phase chaotic states of the CGLE. As a measure for these periods, we study the distributions of spacings p between neighbouring peaks of the phase gradient. A systematic comparison of p and P_SN as a function of coefficients of the CGLE shows that defects are generated at locations where p becomes larger than P_SN. In other words, MAWs with period P_SN represent “critical nuclei” for the formation of defects in phase chaos and may trigger the transition to defect chaos. Since rare events where p becomes sufficiently large to lead to defect formation may only occur after a long transient, the coefficients where the transition to defect chaos seems to occur depend on system size and integration time. We conjecture that in the regime where the maximum period P_SN has diverged, phase chaos persists in the thermodynamic limit.     

最小二乘支持向量域的混沌时间序列预测

从支持向量域SVD(Support Vector Domain)出发，根据Takens延时相空间重构思想，利用支持向量机非线性映射，建立了混沌时间序列和混沌非线性相轨迹运动的SVD预测模型.采用数据集作为支持对象元素，机器自学习缩小模型泛化误差的上界，利用最小二乘支持向量域(SVD)，预测了Henon/Lorenz/Rossler三种混沌时间序列.预测结果表明，三种预测模型将集合映射到一个更高维特征空间，通过嵌入维数，实现了序列预测，误差随嵌入维数变化趋于恒定，与支持向量机(SVM)相比，SVD所需支持向量少，收敛速度快，鲁棒性强，核函数选择容易灵活，且存在自适应方法.网格点数提高了10—20倍，序列预测在小样本、非线性、未知概率密度条件下，预测和实际值取得了一致. 关键词： 支持向量域 混沌 最小二乘 时间序列预测     

Spatial Chaos of Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Cigar-Shaped Trap

The spatial chaos of Bose-Einstein condensates in a cigar-shaped trap is studied. For a system with a steady current, we construct the general solution of the 1st-order equation. From the boundedness condition of the general solution, we obtain the Melnikov function predicting the onset of chaos. The unpredictability of the system's distribution of atom density is also theoretically analyzed. For a ²³Na system meeting the perturbation condition, numerical simulations show the existence of chaos, which is in accordance with our analytical results. Numerical simulations of a ⁸⁷Rb system dissatisfying the perturbation condition also demonstrate that there exists chaos in the system. The case without a current is also investigated.     

THE UNIVERSAL TRANSITION OF PLATEAU STRUCTURE OF LYAPUNOV EXPONENTS

The universal transition of Lyapunov exponents between conservative limit and dissipa-tire limit of nonlinear dynamical system is studied. It is discovered numerically and proved analytically that for homogeneous dissipative two-dimensional maps, along the equal dissi-pation line in parameter space, the Lyapunov exponents of attractor orbits possess a plateau structure and strict symmetry about its plateau value, The ratios between the plateau width and the stable window width of period 1-4 orbits for Henon map are calculated. The result shows that the plateau structure of Lyapunov exponents remains invariant for the attractor orbits belonging to a period doubling bifurcation sequence. This fact reveals a new universal transition behavior between order and chaos when the dissipation of the dynamical system is weakened to zero.     

混沌系统平均初始误差增长饱和特性研究

在非线性误差增长理论框架下研究了混沌系统平均初始误差增长饱和特性 以及误差饱和值同系统可预报期限的关系.首先探索了Lorenz96系统中平均相对初始误差增长饱和规律, 发现平均相对初始误差增长饱和值同初始误差的自然对数存在简单的线性关系: 其二者自然对数之和为一常量,且该常量同初始误差无关.实验表明该结论对其他混沌系统也适用. 因此对给定混沌系统,在计算出和常数后可以外推得到任意固定初始误差的平均相对误差增长饱和值. 为进一步研究误差饱和值同可预报期限的关系,给出了平均绝对误差增长的定义. 理论分析表明混沌系统平均绝对误差增长也会达到饱和.其饱和值为常量, 与初始误差无关,混沌系统控制参数确定,饱和值就固定.依据上述研究, 最后给出一个定量计算可预报期限的模型T_p=1/∧ln(E_s/δ₀)+c, E_s为绝对误差增长饱和值.实验研究表明对于复杂的高阶混沌系统,该预报期限模型都能较好地适用.     

Multifractal chaotic attractors in a system of delay-differential equations modeling road traffic

We study a system of delay-differential equations modeling single-lane road traffic. The cars move in a closed circuit and the system's variables are each car's velocity and the distance to the car ahead. For low and high values of traffic density the system has a stable equilibrium solution, corresponding to the uniform flow. Gradually decreasing the density from high to intermediate values we observe a sequence of supercritical Hopf bifurcations forming multistable limit cycles, corresponding to flow regimes with periodically moving traffic jams. Using an asymptotic technique we find approximately small limit cycles born at Hopf bifurcations and numerically preform their global continuations with decreasing density. For sufficiently large delay the system passes to chaos following the Ruelle-Takens-Newhouse scenario (limit cycles-two-tori-three-tori-chaotic attractors). We find that chaotic and nonchaotic attractors coexist for the same parameter values and that chaotic attractors have a broad multifractal spectrum. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.     

光学双稳与混沌实验

借助自主研制的"液晶光电混合型光学双稳与混沌系统"研究了光学双稳态与混沌运动的一般规律.在有反馈的条件下,对于1个入射光强,存在着2个不同的透射光强,并以滞后迴线形式为特征,即系统呈现双稳态.依然在有反馈的条件下,系统的运动状态随着延迟时间的增加,由周期振荡、倍周期分岔演化到混沌,而且,混沌对于初始值具有高度敏感性.