大功率半导体激光器叠层无氧铜微通道热沉

建立了叠层无氧铜微通道热沉的散热模型,通过理论计算和近似分析,优化了微通道热沉的结构参数;在t=200μm, ωc=60μm, ωf=100μm,p=2. 02×106 Pa时,可获得最小热沉热阻Rthm =4. 205×10-3 K·cm2 /W。根据优化结果,考虑微通道取向对液压降的影响,设计了一种新型大功率半导体激光器叠阵用五层结构叠层无氧铜微通道热沉,并结合实际工艺制备了无氧铜微通道热沉。在实际工作中,优化结果往往要跟实际工艺相结合,如优化所得的水压降为 2 02×106 Pa,这在实际工艺中较难实现。但在热沉实际工作的水压降条件下,热阻为 4. 982×10-3 K·cm2 /W,它能满足高功率激光器叠阵的需要。     

周期性分流微通道的结构设计及散热性能

微通道散热器在集成电路中具有重要应用,但目前传统的长直微通道散热过程导致温度不均匀,散热效率较低.本文设计了一种周期性分流微结构并与传统微通道进行集成,实现了一种高效率的周期性分流微通道散热器.基于以上周期性分流微通道,系统研究了单根微通道内微结构数目、微结构的排布方式及结构参数对其散热性能的影响.结果表明,引入的分流微结构可增大换热面积、打破原有层流边界层、促进冷/热冷却液混合、显著改善微通道散热性能.在100 W/cm2的热流密度下,入口端冷却液流速为1.18 m/s时,单根微通道内引入9组微结构后,其最高温度下降约24 K,热阻下降约44%,努塞尔数增大约124%,整体传热性能(PEC)达1.465.进一步地,微结构采用交错渐变的周期排布方式,沿流动方向逐渐变宽的扰流元使得冷却液被充分利用,减少了高/低温区的存在且缓解了散热面沿流动方向存在的温度梯度,压降损失相较于均匀排布也有一定程度的降低,有效提升了散热效率.本文提出的周期性分流微通道将在大功率集成电路及电子冷却领域中具有广阔的应用前景.     

微通道散热器新型通道设计及性能分析

微电子设备的发热问题严重影响着其可靠性,散热器的热设计已成为微电子设备结构设计中不可忽略的一个重要环节。微通道散热是近年来发展起来的一种新型散热措施。设计了多种新型的微通道散热器结构,并利用数值方法研究了新型微通道结构散热性能及微通道内流体的流场分布情况。研究结果表明,新型微通道散热器增大了换热比表面积,具有较好的散热效率。菱形肋微通道(导流角度120°)的散热效率改善的尤为明显。各新型微通道靠近壁面的死区较少,流体与通道的接触面积也更多,因而换热效果较好。尤其是菱形肋微通道(导流角度30°)内的流场分布更为均匀。     

激光器件 半导体激光器

TN248．4 2005042538 大功率半导体激光器叠层无氧铜微通道热沉=Oxygen- free copper microchannel heat sink of high power semicon- ductor laser[刊,中]／刘云(中科院长春光机所激发态物理重点实验室,吉林,长春(130033)),廖新胜…／／发光学报,-2005,26(1),-109-114 建立了叠层无氧铜微通道热沉的散热模型,通过理论计算和近似分析,优化了微通道热沉的结构参数;在t= 200μm,ωc=60μm,ωf=100μm,p=2．2×106 Pa时,可获     

岐管式微通道冷却热沉的三维数值优化

微尺度传热是近几年来发展起来的一种重要传热技术,广泛应用于高集成度的电子器件的冷却。大功率半导体激光器的热沉积是限制其性能发挥和功率进一步提高的瓶颈。本文研究的热沉用于冷却一种以半导体激光条阵列为泵浦的大功率激光器,其10 mm×1 mm半导体激光条表面的热流密度高达400 W／cm2。本文对以无氧铜为材料、以水为冷却介质的微通道热沉的结构尺寸进行了优化设计。结果表明,热沉结构对热阻、泵功、半导体激光条表面温度分布有重要影响,其中微通道进出口宽度对泵功的影响最大。     

卵形头部弹丸侵彻混凝土的研究

 用头部曲率半径为4.0、直径100 mm、质量为25 kg的卵形弹丸对混凝土进行侵彻实验，并测试了炮膛内和侵彻过程中弹丸的加速度时程曲线。实验用混凝土靶的抗压强度为35 MPa，密度为2 450 kg/m³，有3 m×3 m×3 m和2 m×2 m×2 m两种尺寸。测试弹丸发射和侵彻过程加速度的记录系统刚性固结于弹丸内部。弹丸侵彻初速在310 m/s至632 m/s之间，弹丸的峰值过载在12 000 g到22 000 g之间。实验后将测试的侵彻深度、侵彻过程弹丸的加速度时程曲线与用Forrestal 的理论模型计算得到的结果进行了比较分析。实验结果对认识侵彻的整个过程和相关弹药的设计有重大意义。     

X光分幅相机在黑腔等离子体填充特性研究中的应用

 在神光Ⅱ装置上2.4 ns长脉冲三倍频激光（激光能量8×300 J）与腔靶耦合实验研究中,X光分幅相机通过激光注入孔观测获得了3种腔尺寸腔内Au等离子体径向运动时空分辨图像。用MATLAB对图像进行了定量处理,结合时间分辨辐射温度测量结果分析表明：在腔内不充气、无低Z衬垫情况下,标准腔（800 μm×1 350 μm）在激光脉冲作用到约1.5 ns时出现明显的Au等离子体堵腔效应;当腔尺寸放大到1.25倍（1 000 μm×1 800 μm）和1.5倍（1 200 μm×2 100 μm）时,腔内等离子体基本不堵腔。给出了3种腔尺寸不同时期腔内Au等离子体径向聚心速度,分析表明：大腔的聚心速度比小腔的慢,后期比初期慢。     

基于康托尔分形微通道流动与传热的模拟

高密度、 小体积和高集成的电子元器件散热困难, 易造成过早失效, 采用微通道换热器可以实现小体积内高热流的散热, 但流动阻力很大. 为了保证传热效果, 降低流动阻力, 本文提出了一种新型的微通道结构并对其流动与传热特性进行了数值模拟. 首先研究了微通道形状和结构, 模拟结果表明: 进出口截面宽高比为0.8 的矩形微通道的换热效果最好; 并在此基础上提出一种康托尔分型凹槽结构, 研究了有无康托尔分形以及不同分形级数对流动与传热性能的影响, 综合对比发现: 第二级康托尔分形模型 N2 既能保证热阻显著降低, 又能相比阵列结构降低压降, 具有明显的换热优势; 最后对这种康托尔分形结构的凹槽形状, 尺寸及不同方向上的分形进行研究, 结果表明梯形凹槽的下上表面长度比b/a 为0.6 、 流动方向分形比fx 为1 .25 和通道高度方向分形比fy 为1 .5 时换热流动性能最佳.     

基于纳米磁流体微通道内流动换热性能研究

为探究磁场强度和肋片高度对微通道内Fe₃O₄-H₂O纳米磁流体流动换热性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,以开放式间断微通道热沉为研究对象,在雷诺数为200到500之间展开数值模拟研究,模拟微通道内流体工质流动换热过程。结果表明：进出口压降随雷诺数的增大而增大,且随着磁场强度的增大,压降的增大趋势愈显著;微通道的换热性能随着磁场强度的增大,呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;通过增加肋片高度,可以有效的提高热沉的传热性能。研究发现,开放型微通道综合换热性能优于封闭型,在所研究的参数范围内,微通道肋片高度达到0.9 mm时,综合换热性能和均温性最佳。     

基于沸腾-空化耦合效应的微通道线阵LD用热沉

 针对大功率LD的冷却需求,基于沸腾-空化耦合效应,研制了一种微通道相变热沉,封装腔长1.5 mm的LD线阵。依据加工条件确定通道宽度、深度以及间距,采用2维数值模型估算了通道长度,热沉材料采用无氧铜,多层叠焊,外形尺寸为20 mm×12 mm×1.6 mm。实验测试了连续功率LD输出0～100 W时的电 光转换效率以及电流 输出功率等特性,冷却工质采用R134a,磁驱齿轮泵电机转速50 r/s时热沉热阻为0.3 ℃/W。结果显示微通道相变热沉具有良好的散热能力,能够满足大功率LD的散热要求。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.