甲硝唑、替硝唑和奥硝唑的结构与光谱

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31+G水平上对甲硝唑、替硝唑和奥硝唑的结构进行几何优化,并在同一水平上计算了三种化合物的红外光谱,分析了三种化合物的稳定结构和红外光谱特征.结果表明:咪唑环基本为平面构型,并且环上有一定的芳香性;三种化合物在4000～400 cm-1波数区光谱基本一致,此部分是5-硝基咪唑类化合物的特征光谱,而在400～100 cm-1波数区三种化合物光谱区别较大.因此,可用中红外光谱来鉴定硝基咪唑类化合物,用远红外光谱对以上三种化合物进行鉴别.     

7-羟基香豆素红外光谱的密度泛函理论研究

红外光谱是化合物结构鉴定的重要信息来源,对天然有机药物的分子结构及其生物活性研究意义重大。而随着理论计算方法更加合理、计算精度不断提高,理论计算在红外光谱模拟、振动模式归属指认等方面优势更加明显,对红外光谱解析等实验研究具有重要参考价值。本研究利用密度泛函理论(density functional theory, DFT)/B3LYP方法,在6-311G(d,p)基组水平对7-羟基香豆素进行了几何结构优化和红外光谱计算,得到稳定结构及全部振动模式。计算结果显示7-羟基香豆素红外光谱吸收峰主要分布于波数3 700～3 500,3 150～3 000,1 750～1 400,1 400～1 000,1 000～50 cm-1几个区域。除波数3 700～3 500,3 150～3 000 cm-1范围内振动相对独立,分别归属为O—H伸缩振动和芳环C—H伸缩振动外,其他几个区域均较为复杂,谱峰不同程度由多个振动模式叠加而成。最后,根据振动模式理论及振动图像分析,对所有振动模式进行了详细指认。并通过线性回归方法,利用相关系数值r研究了7-羟基香豆素红外光谱主要吸收峰波数理论计算值和实验数据的相关性。结果表明,计算值和实验值基本吻合,相关系数值等于0.998 5,相关性较好;采用密度泛函理论在该基组水平对7-羟基香豆素红外光谱的理论计算较为可靠。     

核磁共振氢谱方法对红外光谱碳氟键伸缩振动变化的研究

采用傅里叶转换红外光谱方法测定了三种1,2-二-[β-(α-甲基-α'对位取代基苯基)噻吩]六氟环戊烯化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的红外光谱.在确认主要红外吸收峰归属并对图谱进行解析的基础上观测到环戊烯环上的碳氟键吸收频率依化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ次序逐一相应增高,发生规律性变化.化合物Ⅰ:vas C-F=1 332.21cm-1,vs C-F=1 231.91 cm-1,δ C-F=1 159.99 cm-1;化合物Ⅱ:vas C-F=1 338.18 cm1,vs C-F=1 254.31cm-1,δ C-F=1 179.22 cm-1;化合物Ⅲ:vas C-F=1 360.99 cm-1,vs C-F=1 263.29 cm-1,δ C-F=1 194.00cm-1.对此不仅从红外光谱吸收原理进行了定性讨论,而且采用核磁共振谱测定化合物氢谱的方法给出了定量描述:化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ的H-1,H-2化学位移δ值,均为Ⅰ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅲ,反映出取代基引起苯环质子周围的电子云密度增加.因此可确认红外吸收的诱导效应与共轭效应共同作用是导致化合物环戊烯环上的碳氟键伸缩振动频率发生规律性变化的原因.这说明核磁共振氢谱是红外光谱解析的有力工具.     

路易氏剂红外吸收截面积的测定与光谱模拟

采用长程傅里叶红外光谱仪在600～1 600 cm-1波段内对不同浓度路易氏剂-1的气相红外透射光谱进行了测量,其特征频率为814,930,1 563 cm-1;并运用比尔-朗伯定律计算了对应特征频率的红外吸收截面积σ值,依次为3.89±0.01, 1.43±0.06, 4.47±0.05(×10-20 cm2·molecule-1)。路易氏剂-1测量光谱在1 158和1 288 cm-1处也有微弱的吸收峰。利用Gaussian09软件包中的密度泛函理论对系列路易氏剂的红外光谱进行理论模拟,其稳定构型和振动频率在b3lyp/6-311+g(d,p)水平上计算。并利用可视化软件Gaussview5.08对各频率的振动模式进行归属。理论计算的红外光谱和实测光谱在600～1 600 cm-1波段内非常吻合,特征频率的相关系数为0.999 1。计算光谱还发现了0～600 cm-1波段内与砷原子有关的振动频率,为293,360和374 cm-1。用最小二乘法处理试验和计算结果中的特征频率,得到了适合路易氏剂-1的红外光谱频率矫正因子为0.977。利用该矫正因子对路易氏剂-1,路易氏剂-2,路易氏剂-3的红外光谱计算频率进行矫正。结果表明获得的路易氏剂理论红外吸收光谱可为该系列化合物的结构性质预测和远程红外光谱监测等提供参考。     

3,4-二氯-1,2,5-噻二唑的结构及其振动光谱

实验测量了3,4-二氯-1,2,5-噻二唑分子4000～400 cm-1区域内的红外光谱和3700～100 cm-1范围内的拉曼光谱,使用密度泛函理论计算了分子的稳定结构和振动频率.以实验测定频率为标准采用简正振动分析方法得到了各振动谱带的总能量分布,从而对该分子的振动频率做出了全面归属.     

用密度泛函和从头算理论研究3-苯基-2-(4-硒基吗啉基)-5-苯基乙烯基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮及其衍生物的构型,电子结构和振动光谱

本文测得了四种新型杀菌剂3-苯基-2-(4-硒基吗啉基)-5-苯基乙烯基-4H-咪唑啉-4-酮及其衍生物的FT-Raman光谱,并用密度泛函(DFT-B3LYP)和从头算(ab initio RHF)理论在6-31G(d)的水平上研究了化合物基态的构型,电子结构,并计算了它们的振动光谱。结果显示,HOMO-1轨道的主要来自于Se原子Pz电子的贡献,具有非键轨道特征,而化合物的其它4个最高占有轨道都具有π轨道特征。计算振动波数与实验基频很好的吻合。由于化合物分子结构中存在较大的共轭效应,咪唑啉环内C=N双键的伸缩振动模式明显地向低波数位移50cm-1。     

β-三苯锗基丙酸及β-三苯锗基丁酸的拉曼及红外光谱

我们合成了有机锗化合物的一类重要中间体β-三苯锗基丙酸和β-三苯锗基丁酸 ,测量了该化合物的拉曼光谱和红外光谱 ,经光谱分析 ,指认了主要波数所对应的分子振动。在这两种化合物的拉曼光谱中 ,30 50 cm- 1( m)、1 0 2 5cm- 1( m)和 61 8cm- 1( m)分属于 Ph- H的伸缩振动、面内弯曲振动和面外扭曲振动。饱和 Ge- C键的振动分别在 594cm- 1和 587cm- 1,同时指出了 Ph- Ge的几种振动所对应的振动频率。在红外光谱中 ,C=O的振动出现在 1 70 9cm- 1( s)和 1 70 5cm- 1( s) ,与饱和碳相连接的 Ge- C振动出现在 61 7cm- 1( w)和 61 7cm- 1( w)。     

1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺盐离子液体的结构及振动光谱研究

本文以中、远红外光谱(4000¹00cm-1)、拉曼光谱(3500100cm-1)、拉曼光谱(3500¹00cm-1)与密度泛函理论计算相结合的方法,研究了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺盐的稳定结构与振动频率。在实验测定样品红外与拉曼光谱的基础上,对该分子的振动频率进行了详细归属。     

3-三苯基锗基-1,1-二苯基-1-丙烯及其同系物的拉曼光谱和红外光谱

我们合成了一类多苯基取代的烯丙基锗烷类化合物,并测量了这三种化合物的拉曼光谱和红外光谱。经光谱分析,指认了主要波数所对应的分子振动。在这三种化合物的拉曼光谱中,Ge-Ph均在1000cm-1附近出现非常强的振动峰;烯丙基中的C=C键在1615 cm-1和1595 cm-1附近出现强的振动峰;在1585 cm-1附近出现芳香环的多重振动峰;在3050 cm-1(m)1、025 cm-1(m)、615 cm-1(m)附近出现芳香环的C-H伸缩振动,C-H面内弯曲振动和C-H面外弯曲振动峰;与饱和碳原子相连接的Ge-C振动峰分别出现在595 cm-1、592 cm-1和597 cm-1。在红外光谱中,这类化合物的Ge-C振动和饱和Ge-C振动较为明显,分别出现在1090 cm-1(s)附近和625 cm-1~577 cm-1(w)之间。     

1,8,15,22-四（3-戊氧基）自由酞菁的结构、性质和红外光谱研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)基组水平上对1,8,15,22-四(3-戊氧基)自由酞菁的分子结构、分子轨道、原子电荷分布和红外光谱进行了研究。对酞菁骨架结构计算的键长 和晶体结构相差最大仅0.002 nm,最小的不足0.000 3 nm,表明了计算的酞菁骨架结构与晶体数据很吻合;对实验红外光谱图上的峰和模拟的峰的波数进行对应线性拟合,得出拟合直线的斜率为1.039, 截距为58 cm-1,说明计算的红外光谱和实验测得的对应得非常好。上述结果验证了所选取的理论方法和基组的可靠性。通过与未取代自由酞菁结构和性质的比较,发现烷氧基取代后的酞菁 分子中原子电荷仍然主要分布在酞菁环的内部,烷氧基的氧原子也带有较多负电荷。但是α-位烷氧基取代对整个酞菁分子结构和性质都产生很大的影响,烷氧基取代升高了HOMO和LUMO的能量,降低了 HOMO-LUMO能级,从而降低了其稳定性。借助正则坐标分析,对红外光谱中的重要吸收峰进行了详细的指认。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.     

激光跟瞄仿真系统及两种跟瞄方法

基于OpenGL和大气传输光学分析的3维全数字仿真是激光跟瞄系统的重要研究手段。为提高跟踪和瞄准精度,从激光跟瞄仿真系统整体出发,研究了目标成像中的投影变换、成像与跟踪的关系、高精度跟踪现有算法的控制过程仿真等内容,并提出了基于大视口、目标大气传输图像序列的跟瞄仿真技术。说明了仿真系统中跟瞄精度分析的特点。就某仿真场景,设计了"头部顶点"和"两点提取"两种跟瞄方法,在不同大气湍流条件下得到了它们的跟瞄精度,说明应用该激光跟瞄仿真系统,能够预先设计、测试和验证一些跟瞄方法,帮助进行算法分析和改进,从而提高工作效率和节约成本。