双外场对费米气体Joule-Thomson效应的调控

研究匀强电场和谐振场构成的双外场对带电费米粒子系统化学势和Joule-Thomson系数的调控作用．在满足Thomas-Fermi近似的条件下,给出有限温度范围内匀强电场和谐振场中带电费米粒子系统的化学势和内能随温度变化的显式函数关系,分析双外场对带电费米粒子系统焦耳-汤姆逊系数的调控作用.研究结果表明：随着温度的升高,带电费米粒子系统的焦汤系数值逐渐由负变正,且临界温度Tc随外电场增强而降低;在适当温度下,外势场的存在会使带电费米粒子系统产生焦耳-汤姆逊正效应.     

带电粒子系统在双外场中的高温弱简并效应

用Thomas-Fermi半经典统计理论和方法,研究处于匀强电场加谐振场约束的带电粒子系统的热力学性质.首先导出外场约束下带电粒子系统的量子状态数密度,进而给出高温弱简并情况下带电粒子系统的化学势、内能和热容量的解析式,并分析电场和谐振场对系统化学势、内能和热容量的具体影响. 研究结果表明,带电粒子系统在双外场约束下具有高温弱简并效应. 关键词： 带电粒子 匀强电场 谐振场 高温弱简并效应     

均匀微弱电场对带电费米子体系热容量和化学势的影响

从统计物理半经典(Thomas-Fermi)近似方法出发,研究均匀微弱电场中带电费米子体系的热力学性质,推导出了带电费米子体系的热容量和化学势随外电场场强的变化关系,给出了体系的热容量和化学势在高温和低温近似下的解析表达式,进而分析了均匀微弱电场对带电费米子体系热容量和化学势的影响.     

均匀微弱电场对带电费米子体系热容量和化学势的影响

从统计物理半经典(Thomas-Fermi)近似方法出发,研究均匀微弱电场中带电费米子体系的热力学性质,推导出了带电费米子体系的热容量和化学势随外电场场强的变化关系,给出了体系的热容量和化学势在高温和低温近似下的解析表达式,进而分析了均匀微弱电场对带电费米子体系热容量和化学势的影响.     

超流氦的Joule-Thomson系数研究

超流氦的焦耳-汤姆逊系数在一定条件具有负值,且数值较大。由此产生的负焦耳-汤姆逊效应将会使其输送系统出现显著的温升,这一现象对于输送系统能否成功完成输送任务至关重要。如何确定He的Joule-Thomson系数,是判断He负焦耳-汤姆逊效应程度的前提和基础。文章通过直接状态方程法和热动力学公式法对He的Joule-Thomson系数进行了分析和计算,并在计算结果的基础上,拟合得到了便于工程应用的经验方程。     

微波电场下的热电子温差电势率

局域微波场的作用会在半导体样品中产生热电子的温度和化学势的梯度.本文推广运用非平衡统计算子的理论方法计算存在温度和化学势梯度的热电子系统的输运系数,得到了热电子质心动量和能量的平衡方程,导出了热电子温差电势率和热导率的表达式.数值计算表明,理论结果与微波场作用下的温差电动势随电场平均功率的实验测量值可以定量比较. 关键词：     

有限温度下一维Hubbard模型的化学势泛函理论研究

通过数值方法求解了有限温度下一维均匀Hubbard模型的热力学Bethe-ansatz方程组,得到了在给定温度和相互作用强度情况下,比热c、磁化率χ和压缩比κ随化学势μ的变化图像.基于有限温度下一维均匀Hubbard模型的精确解,利用化学势(μ)-泛函理论研究了一维谐振势下的非均匀Hubbard模型,给出了金属态和Mott绝缘态下不同温度情况时局域粒子密度n_i和局域压缩比_κi随格点的变化情况.     

外电场作用下C6H6的分子结构及其特性

采用 B3P86方法计算了C6H6在外电场作用下分子系统的能量及分子轨道能级、谐振频率、CH键离解能和极化率等分子特性;通过跃迁矩阵元计算了各激发态的激发能,吸收及自发辐射系数,从而进一步分析了苯分子的外场效应.对于高分子化合物尤其是具有苯环结构的有机高分子化合物的外场作用特性的研究具有参考价值.     

均匀异号电荷等大共轴圆板轴线上电场均匀性研究

重新推导了均匀带电圆形薄板在轴线上的电势和电场强度公式,建立了均匀带等量异号电荷共轴圆板在轴线上的电势和场强公式.研究表明:均匀带等量异号电荷共轴圆板在轴线中心的场强最小,两板内表面的场强最大.引入均匀系数的概念,说明了两板之间的轴线上形成匀强电场的条件.     

用肥皂泡演示带电粒子在匀强电场中的偏转

带电粒子在匀强电场中的偏转,是“电场”一章教学的难点.我们在教学中用肥皂泡模拟带电粒子在匀强电场中的偏转实验,收到较好的效果。演示器由匀强电场和发泡器两部分组成.取两片25×40cm~2的铝网(可用收录机用的扬声器装饰网),将其四周边缘分别用火     

Constraints in Noncommutative Chern-Simons Mechanics and Hall Effect

We study noncommutative Chern-Simons mechanics and noncommutative Hall effect by Dirac theory in this paper. The magnetic field is introduced by means of minimal coupling. We show that the constraint set will enlarge when a dimensionless parameter takes zero value. In order to illustrate our idea, we study two specific models. One is noncommutative Chern-Simons mechanics which describes a charged particle on a noncommutative plane interacting with a perpendicular uniform magnetic field. The other is a charged particle on a noncommutative plane with a background uniform electromagnetic field. We show that when the dimensionless parameter tends to zero, the particle will live in a lower dimensional space in both models. Noncommutative Chern-Simons mechanics will reduce to a harmonic oscillator and the classical equations of motion of a charged particle in the background of a uniform electromagnetic field are governed by classical Hall law when the dimensionless parameter tends to zero.     

Effects of external fields on a two-dimensional Klein-Gordon particle under pseudo-harmonic oscillator interaction

We study the effects of the perpendicular magnetic and Aharonov-Bohm(AB) flux fields on the energy levels of a two-dimensional(2D) Klein-Gordon(KG) particle subjected to an equal scalar and vector pseudo-harmonic oscillator(PHO).We calculate the exact energy eigenvalues and normalized wave functions in terms of chemical potential parameter,magnetic field strength,AB flux field,and magnetic quantum number by means of the Nikiforov-Uvarov(NU) method.The non-relativistic limit,PHO,and harmonic oscillator solutions in the existence and absence of external fields are also obtained.     

Asymptotic Behavior of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator Driven by a Random Time-Dependent Electric Field

This paper investigates the evolution of the state vector of a charged quantum particle in a harmonic oscillator driven by a time-dependent electric field. The external field randomly oscillates and its amplitude is small but it acts long enough so that we can solve the problem in the asymptotic framework corresponding to a field amplitude which tends to zero and a field duration which tends to infinity. We describe the effective evolution equation of the state vector, which reads as a stochastic partial differential equation. We explicitly describe the transition probabilities, which are characterized by a polynomial decay of the probabilities corresponding to the low-energy eigenstates, and give the exact statistical distribution of the energy of the particle.     

Effects of a finite number of particles on the thermodynamic properties of a harmonically trapped ideal charged Bose gas in a constant magnetic field

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of an ideal charged Bose gas confined in an anisotropic harmonic potential and a constant magnetic field. Using an accurate density of states, we calculate analytically the thermodynamic potential and consequently various intriguing thermodynamic properties, including the Bose–Einstein transition temperature, the specific heat, magnetization, and the corrections to these quantities due to the finite number of particles are also given explicitly. In contrast to the infinite number of particles scenarios, we show that those thermodynamic properties,particularly the Bose–Einstein transition temperature depends upon the strength of the magnetic field due to the finiteness of the particle numbers, and the collective effects of a finite number of particles become larger when the particle number decreases. Moreover, the magnetization varies with the temperature due to the finiteness of the particle number while it keeps invariant in the thermodynamic limit N →∞.     

二维旋转简谐振子势的讨论

以二维旋转简谐振子势为例分析了在BEC中经常用到的旋转势,分析了哈密顿量的表达式,给出了波函数和能量本征值,并注意到了二维旋转简谐振子势与带电粒子在磁场中的情形具有相近的形式.     

带电粒子在均匀磁场与三维各向同性谐振子场中运动的双波描述

研究带电粒子在均匀磁场与三维各向同性谐振子场中运动的双波描述,得到了量子结果及其 经典极限,并与纯经典情形比较. 关键词： 双波描述 均匀磁场 谐振子场     

基底性质对二维层状电子气感应电场的影响

采用线性化量子流体动力学模型,研究了载能粒子与二维层状电子气相互作用时的集体静电激发现象。在适当的边界条件下推导出感应电势,入射粒子所受的阻止力和侧向力的一般表达式,讨论了存在绝缘基底情况下基底介电常数对感应电势、阻止力及侧向力的影响。结果表明:当入射粒子速度较小时,基底的极化电场较弱,其介电常数的变化对感应电场几乎无影响,而当速度较高时因极化电场较强而影响很大;入射粒子距离与基底相连的电子气平面越近,基底介电常数对各物理量的影响越大。