重离子束注入与生物体的相互作用及遗传诱变的分子机制

低能重离子与生物体系相互作用及其生物诱变效应的应用研究在我国率先兴起， 并在应用中取得了很大的成就。 介绍了重离子注入与生物有机体的相互作用及其主要的生物学效应， 包括细胞染色体水平、 生理生化效应， 以及对DNA损伤修复、 基因表达、 甲基化修饰的影响。 总结了离子注入诱变的分子遗传学机理的相关研究。 同时分析、 比较讨论了高能与低能离子、 离子束与射线的生物学效应的异同。 提出了离子注入今后的研究方向， 特别指出了离子注入对生物基因表达影响研究的重要性。 As a new mutagenesis technique, low energy heavy ion implantation started in China for the study of interaction effect between incident ions and organism, and great achievements have been obtained in crop breeding. The article reviewed the main biological effects induced by heavy ion implantation, including physiology, biochemistry and genetics effects, on levels of cell and chromosome, gene expression, DNA methylation, DNA damage and reparation etc. It compared the differences in mutagenesis for organism by high energy and low energy ion implantation, as well as γ ray radiaiton. Future investigation topics were proposed, the emphasis of researches in future was pointed out, i.e., the molecular mechanism and effects of gene differential expression of organism treated by ion implantation.     

重离子束用于肿瘤放射治疗的基础理论

通过与低传能线密度辐射治疗对比分析建立了重离子束肿瘤放射治疗的基础理论,提出了一些提高重离子束放射治疗疗效和减少对正常组织损伤的技术措施,旨在为已开展的重离子治癌临床研究提供理论依据． The basic theory of tumor radiotherapy with heavy ion beam was introduced in contrast to low LET irradiation therapy. Some useful methods are also suggested to improve the curative effect of heavy ion therapy and to spare the normal tissue around the tumor.     

中能重离子碰撞中同位旋效应的灵敏探针

在重离子碰撞过程中, 基于重质量的弹核轰击轻质量靶核有大量中等质量碎片向前发射的逆运动学效应, 利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学观察和研究了重离子碰撞过程中同位旋效应的灵敏性． 计算结果表明在所选能区, 中等质量碎片的多重性与带电粒子总数之间的关联是提取介质中核子 核子碰撞截面的灵敏观测量, 而此时对称势的同位旋效应却不明显． Based on the revers kinetic intermediate energy heavy ion collision in which much more intermediate mass fragments are emitted towards forward angles, a sensitive observable on isospin effects in heavy ion collisions is investigated by means of using isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (IQMD). The calculation results show that the correlation between the multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments N IMF and total number of charged particles N c is...     

重离子束适形放射治疗技术

重离子束适形放射治疗技术主要包括束流配送系统和治疗计划系统等 .前者是实现重离子束适形放射治疗的硬件设施 ,后者为适形治疗的软件支撑系统 ,两者缺一不可 .鉴于重离子束与物质相互作用在物理学及生物学效应上表现出的特殊性,重离子束治癌中特别引入了面向生物学效应的适形治疗和束流的正电子断层在线监控技术. The conformal radiotherapy techniques mainly include the two systems that are beam delivery and treatment planning. The formal is the hardware basis while the later is the software supplement for heavy ion conformal therapy, they are dependent on each other to realize the cancer conformal therapy with heavy ion beam. Because of the specificities of interaction between heavy ion and target on both physics and biological effects, the heavy ion cancer therapy especially involves...     

中国科学院近代物理研究所重离子辐照生物研究平台

介绍了中国科学院近代物理研究所和兰州重离子加速器国家实验室的重离子加速器辐照生物研究平台、 重离子辐照生物研究发展规划及在现代农业和生物产业方面取得的一些最新进展。 Heavy-ion accelerator facilities for the researches on biological effects induced by heavy ion at Institute of Modern Physics（IMP）, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Laboratory of Heavy ion Accelerator in Lanzhou（HLHIAL） are introduced. New progresses in modern agriculture and biological industry are presented.     

重离子束辐照育种研究进展及发展趋势

相对于低能离子束生物学, 中能重离子束对植物的诱变效应介绍较少。 从机理上综述了中能重离子束辐照诱变技术的优点, 简要介绍了粮食作物、 经济作物及模式植物的重离子束辐照育种的现状, 最后从转基因、 分子辅助标记及航天育种等方面对重离子束辐照育种的发展趋势进行了展望。 In recent years, the intermediate energy heavy ion biology has been concerned rarely comparing to that of the low energy ions. In this paper, we summarized the advantage of a new mutation breeding method mediated by intermediate energy heavy ion irradiations. Meanwhile, the present state of this mutation technique in applications of the breeding in grain crops, cash crops and model plants were introduced. And the preview of the heavy ion irradiations in gene transfer, molecular marker assisted selection and spaceflight mutation breeding operations were also presented.     

重离子束在微生物诱变育种及生物能源开发中的应用

作为一种新型的辐射诱变源, 重离子束在辐射诱变育种中的优越性已经显现。 在此基础上综述了重离子束用于微生物诱变育种的基本原理、 独特优点、 所取得的成果及研究进展, 并对其在新型生物能源开发中的潜力进行了展望。As a new radiation source, heavy ion beams have demonstrated the outstanding advantage in mutation breeding. Based on this background, the basic principal and unique peculiarity of heavy ion beams, the achievement and the progress in the research of microbial mutation breeding are reviewed in the paper. The potential application of heavy ion beams to new biological energy is also prospected.     

碳离子辐射诱导秀丽隐杆线虫生殖细胞凋亡研究

重离子辐射具有独特的深度剂量分布和较高的相对生物学效应,被认为是理想的放疗手段。重离子的生物学效应在径迹形成过程中由多个物理参量共同决定,而这些物理参量和离子入射深度紧密相关,因此明确离子不同入射深度的生物学效应对重离子肿瘤放疗方案的设计和优化有着重要的理论和应用价值。使用兰州重离子研究装置HIRFL-CSRe 终端的碳离子束作为辐射源,以活体模式动物线虫作为实验对象,以线虫生殖细胞的凋亡水平作为生物学检测终点,研究了10 和20 Gy 碳离子辐射在辐射的入口、坪区和峰区的当代生物学效应和对后代个体基因组不稳定性的影响。结果表明:10 和20 Gy 碳离子辐射在三个不同的辐照区域内均显著增加了辐射当代的线虫生殖腺细胞的凋亡水平,并表现出一定的辐射区域和辐射剂量依赖性。同时,辐射诱导的后代个体基因组不稳定性也表现出一定的辐射区域和辐射剂量相关性。Heavy ion irradiation is a perfect means in radio-therapy due to its special depth dose distribution and high relative biological effects. The biological effects of heavy ion irradiation are determined by some major physical parameters, and vary along the tracks of heavy ions. Therefore, it is very significant for the tumor radio-therapy to investigate the biological effects along whole range of heavy ion radiation. In the present study, Caenorhabditis elegans, a model in vivo, was irradiated by carbon ion beams from HCRFL-CSRe, The level of germ cell apoptosis of worms was used as a checking endpoint for DNA damage, the effects of carbon irradiation located in the entrance, plateau and peak regions on the genomic instability of the irradiated worm and their progeny were detected. The results showed that the 10 and 20 Gy of carbon ion radiations led to the increased germ cell apoptosis in irradiated worms and these effects depend on the worm location along the range of carbon ions and the irradiation dosage. The results also suggested that heavy ion irradiation induced the up-regulated genomic instability in their progeny, and might be related to both the irradiation dose and the irradiated location.     

重离子辐射植物的诱变效应研究及应用

重离子生物技术已引起人们的广泛关注, 植物育种是重离子生物技术研究和应用的热点之一。 简要介绍了重离子的基本特征和在育种应用中的优势, 综述了重离子辐射对植物分子、 细胞、 个体3个水平的诱变效应研究及重离子辐射育种取得的进展。 Heavy ion biotechnology has received much attention since the mid 1980s, when the first mutagenic effect of heavy ion beams was found in rice. Since then, plant breeding is one of the focuses in heavy ion biotechnology. In this paper we outlined the recent developments in plant breeding by heavy ion beams. We introduced briefly the essential characteristics and superiority of heavy ion beams applied in plant breeding, and reviewed further the mutagenic research in three levels(e.g., molecular, cell and individual) of plants. At last, we summarized artificial mutants obtained in plants irradiated by heavy ion beams.     

重离子束治癌

本文回顾了辐射治癌的历史发展和国内外动态,讨论了重离子束与常规辐射相比在肿瘤治疗上的优势,提出了为治疗应用的重离子束的主要参数以及在兰州重离子研究装置（ＨＩＲＦＬ）拟建的冷却储存环（ＣＳＲ）上建立治疗实验室的初步考虑． Historical background and trends at home and abroad for radiation therapy arelooked back in the paper. The advantages of heavy ion beam in comparision with conventional radiation in tumour treatment are discussed. The main parameters of heavy ion beams fortherapy application and a tentative idea constructing treatment rooms at Cooling StorageRing(CSR) of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) are proposed.     

离子辐照单晶Si损伤效应的研究

回顾了低能离子注入单晶Si经由核弹性碰撞引起的损伤特征及其常规的研究方法,介绍了快重离子辐照单晶Si经由电子能损引起的损伤特点及研究现状,并对该领域的研究作了展望. The radiation damage in silicon induced by low energy ion implantation was briefly reviewed together with a short introduction to the common techniques in the area. The damage characteristics of swift heavy ion irradiation in silicon and its investigations were introduced with emphasis on the effects induced by processes of electronic energy losses. It is shown that swift heavy ion can induce defects far beyond the projected range and up to 28 MeV/μm the electronic energy ...     

Surface Modification of W9Cr4V2Mo High Temperature Bearing Steel by Rare Earth Ion Implantation

Wear and corrosion are the main failure mechanisms of bearings and some measures have been proposed to prolong the working lifetime. Possible approaches include the use of more expensive materials, ion implantation, surface finish enhancement, and ion beam assisted deposition. Among them ion implantation is used extensively for the modification of surface and properties of materials and many studies have disclosed that the beating steel surface can be strengthened by ion implantation of different elements such as N, Mo, N and Mo, and so on.     

离子束注入胸腺嘧啶的紫外、红外效应研究

本文中我们利用紫外、红外光谱等分析手段获取低能离子束生物诱变的信息。发现用30 ke V低能氮离子和氩离子在 0 - 2× 1 0 16 ions/cm2注入剂量范围内注入胸腺嘧啶 ,其残存率随剂量的变化趋势均出现了不同于γ射线等辐照时的线性或肩型曲线 ,而呈现一种新的变化趋势——“马鞍型”曲线 ,表明参与结构的质量沉积不足以解释“马鞍型”曲线。红外光谱的分析结果表明在离子束注入过程中胸腺嘧啶分子确实存在结构上的修复。研究结果表明紫外、红外光谱可以给出离子束注入前后生物分子结构突变或重组、分子结构突变与注入剂量的关系以及分子的修复等信息。     

铪离子等离子体源离子注入铜基体的数值模拟

通过SRIM软件对铪离子等离子体源离子注入铜进行了模拟。模拟了铪离子注入铜的核阻止本领、电子阻止本领、入射深度随能量的变化,以及在不同注入条件下铪离子的摩尔浓度分布,并对模拟结果进行了分析。结果显示:能量低于6 MeV时核阻止本领占主导地位,高于6 MeV时电子阻止本领成为主要的能量损失,并且离子注入过程中会出现能量沉积的Bragg峰和质量沉积区域较集中的现象,入射深度随能量的增加而增加。     

Formation,Dynamics, and Characterization of Nanostructures by Ion Beam Irradiation

Ion beam irradiation is a potential tool for phase formation and material modification as a non-equilibrium technique. Localized rise in temperature and ultra fast (～10^?12 s) dissipations of impinging energy make it an attractive tool for metastable phase formation. As a matter of fact, a major component of materials science is dominated by ion beam methods, either for synthesis of materials or for its characterization. The synthesis of nanostructures, and their modification by ion beam technique will be discussed in this review article. Formation of nanostructures using ion beam technique will be discussed first. Depending on species (e.g., mass and charge state) and energy range, there are various modes for an energetic ion to dissipate its energy. The role of the electron will also be covered in this article as a basic principle of its interaction with matter, which is same as for an ion. By using a simple reactive ion beam or electron induced deposition, a secondary phase can be nucleated by ion beam mixing techniques, either by using inert gas irradiation or reactive gas implantation on any desired substrate. Nucleation of secondary phase can also be executed by electron irradiation and direct implantation of either negative or positive ions. Post implantation annealing processes are required for the complete growth of clusters formed in most of these ion irradiation techniques. Implantation processes being inherently a non-equilibrium technique, defects always have a role to play in phase formation, amorphization, and beyond (blister formation). When implanted with large energy, even electrons, one of the lightest charged particles, also manifest these properties. Electronic and nuclear energy losses of the impinging charged particle play a crucial role in material modification. Doping a nanocluster, however, is still a controversial topic. Some light will be shed on this topic with a discussion of focused ion beam.     

Laser-induced damage of the optical films prepared by electron beam evaporation and ion beam sputtering in vacuum

The laser-induced damage characteristics and adsorption effects of organic contamination molecules of two high reflectors (HR) prepared by electron beam evaporation (EB) and ion beam sputtering (IBS) method at 1064 nm is investigated in vacuum. It is found that EB films show the performance degradation of laser induced damages in vacuum while for IBS film, seems to have no this effect, in comparison with air environment. In addition, EB coatings also have the strong affinity with organic contamination molecules, in contrast of IBS films. The results reveal that ion beam sputtering (IBS) method seem to be one of the favorite film deposition techniques of the optical films used in vacuum and space environments.     

MALDI-MS of drugs: Profiling,imaging, and steps towards quantitative analysis

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique which can be used in mass spectrometry to produce ions from biomolecules without inducing the fragmentation associated with traditional methods of ionization. When used with small molecules, the lack of fragmentation allows identification of specific molecules against a background of alternative signals; thus, for example, the presence of drug molecules and metabolites can be distinguished from a range of alternative biomolecules present within a tissue sample. Using highly collimated lasers in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) allows imaging of a tissue sample whereby the laser is rastered across the sample and individual mass spectra are collected in a serial manner. Thus, the distribution of the molecules within the tissue sample can be presented in the form of a 2D image. While the detection of specific drug molecules and metabolites within biological samples has its uses, quantification of those same molecules would be of greater benefit in a clinical setting. However, accurate quantification presents additional challenges. We present an overview of the MALDI-MS technique followed by recent progress in profiling drugs and their metabolites through imaging drug distributions within tissues and finish with recent developments in the quantification of drugs in tissues by MALDI-MSI.     

利用高能离子模拟研究反应堆结构材料中的辐照效应

简要介绍了载能粒子辐射损伤对反应堆结构材料性能的影响,阐述了载能粒子束特别是高能离子束开展模拟研究的优势,并举例说明了国内利用高能重离子模拟研究反应堆结构材料辐射效应取得的进展。实验结果和理论分析表明,载能离子特别是高能离子辐照非常适合用于模拟研究反应堆结构材料中由粒子辐射引起的材料微观结构和宏观性能变化,是模拟研究反应堆结构材料辐射效应的非常有效的手段。 Radiation damage in structural materials of fission/fusion reactors is mainly attributed to the evolution of intensive atom displacement damage induced by energetic particles （ n, α and/or fission fragments） and highrate helium doping by direct α particle bombardments and/or （n, α） reactions. It can cause severe degradation of reactor structural materials such as surface blistering, bulk void swelling, deformation, fatigue, embrittlement, stress erosion corrosion and so on that will significantly affect the operation safety of reactors. However, up to now, behavior of structural materials at the end of their service can hardly be fully tested in a real reactor. In the present paper, damage process in reactor structural materials is briefly introduced, then the advantages of energetic ion implantation/irradiation especially high-energy heavy ion irradiation are discussed, and several typical examples on simulation of radiation effects in reactor candidate structural materials using high-energy heavy ion irradiations are introduced. Experimental results and theoretical analysis suggested that irradiation with energetic particles especially high-energy heavy ions is a very useful technique for simulating the evolution of microstructures and macro-properties of reactor structural materials.     

聚合物材料的快重离子辐照效应

简要介绍了快重离子辐照损伤的特点,通过与低电离辐射粒子辐照在聚合物材料中产生的效应的类比论述了快重离子辐照在聚合物材料中产生的效应及其研究现状 ,并结合快重离子辐照效应的应用展望了该领域未来的发展.The irradiation effects in polymers induced by swift heavy ions were reviewed in comparison with that induced by low ionization particles based on the characteristics of swift heavy ion irradiations. It is shown that bond breaking and cross linking, gas releasing, amorphization and carbonization of polymers depend strongly on the electronic energy loss. Besides special effects such as alkynes production, can be induced under swift heavy ion irradiation. The perspectives...