H+H2反应截面的全量子力学研究

利用全量子力学耦合通道扭曲波近似(CCDWA)方法和三种势能面计算了H+H2(vα=0,jα=0)→H2(vβ,jβ)+H碰撞的反应截面,并与准经典弹道计算结果及公认较好的计算结果作了比较.研究表明:在相同的势能面下利用CCDWA方法得到的截面和公认较好的计算结果符合很好,而准经典弹道计算的反应截面误差较大. 关键词： 反应散射 势能面 反应截面     

Coriolis耦合对Cl+H2→H+HCl非绝热反应的影响

使用含时波包方法 ,在Capecchi和Werner拟合的非绝热耦合势能面上 ,研究了Cl处在自旋轨道基态以及自旋轨道激发态时与H2 反应的活性 ,并且讨论了Coriolis耦合的影响 .计算了某些角动量时的反应几率 .计算结果显示 ,当Cl原子处在自旋轨道激发态与处在基态的H2 的反应活性很小 ,Coriolis耦合在这个反应中起了很小的作用 .     

采用量子波包方法和准经典轨线方法研究S(~3P)+HD反应

利用量子波包方法和准经典轨线方法在一个新的3A′′势能面上研究了S(3P)+HD→SD+H和SH+D反应的动力学性质.计算得到了两个反应通道在碰撞能为0.8—2.2 eV范围内的J=0反应几率、积分反应截面、内同位素因子和产物转动取向因子.这些结果揭示了S(3P)+HD反应非常明显的内同位素效应.通过对势能面和反应轨线的分析,我们发现了SD+H反应通道一个新的反应机制.S(3P)+HD反应的内同位素效应可以利用新发现的反应机制和反应的质量组合来进行解释.     

用准经典轨迹的理论方法研究H+ +H2反应

在新的势能面上,用准经典轨迹的方法对H H2反应体系进行了动力学研究．理论计算的结果发现,这个反应体系的前向和后向的角分布基本是对称的．同时还给出了在不同碰撞能下这个反应体系的转动态的分布情况．在碰撞能的从0．124到1．424 eV时,反应H H2的积分截面是随着碰撞能的增加而逐渐降低的．而且理论计算结果与实验结果也符合的非常好．     

势垒高度对Cl+H2(D2)反应的影响

使用三维含时波包方法在两个势能面上研究了Cl+H2(D2)反应．所使用的两个势能面都是从CW(Capecchi和Wener)势能面得到的，第一个是CW势能面的基态面加自旋轨道耦合修正，第二个是CW势能面的基态面没有自旋轨道耦合修正．在这两个势能面上得到了碰撞能从0.1到1.4 eV的积分截面以及反应几率．对于Cl与D2反应，考虑自旋轨道耦合后由于势垒高度的增加反应截面向高能处有一个平移，但Cl与H2反应在低能处的反应活性反而增大了，原因是虽然自旋轨道耦合效应增加了势垒高度，同时减小了势垒宽度，隧道效应更加明显，而隧道效应在低能处起着比较重要的作用，所以反应活性比较大．当碰撞能大于0.7 eV时，没有考虑自旋轨道耦合时势垒高度较低，因而反应活性较大．     

原子-多原子分子反应的含时波包理论研究

基于Modified Jordan和Gilbert的势能面，运用SVRT(semirigid vibrating rotor target)模型和TDWP(Time-Dependent Wave Packet)方法，对D CH4，O(^3P) CH4反应体系进行了含时波包动力学研究，计算得到了不同初始振动态的总反应几率，总散射截面和热速率常数。通过对j=0时，v=0，1的反应几率的计算，看出H—CH3的振动激发，极大地提高了反应几率，而反应阈能明显降低，说明反应分子的振动能对分子的碰撞反应有重要贡献。     

反应体系F+H2→HF+H的一个全域从头算势能面

采用多参考组态相互作用方法和 aug-cc-pV5z 基组并虑及 Davidson 修正计算了反应体系 F H_2→HF H 的约15,000个对称性唯一的构型点的势能值,并利用三次样条插值发展了该体系的三维全域势能面.在反应入口通道,还考虑了旋轨耦合效应.     

Cl＋HD反应产物的极化与态分析

利用准经典轨线理论，在BW2和G3两个势能面上，研究了Cl+HD反应的动力学。计算结果表明，产物的转动取向对势能面及反应体系的质量因子非常敏感，在BW2势能面上，计算的两个产物的转动取向强于在G3势能面上计算的结果，而无论是在BW2势能面上还是在G3势能面上，DCl产物的取向都强于HCl产物的取向。计算结果还表明，在不同的势能面上反应物的转动激发对反应的影响有着显著的不同。在BW2势能面上，反应物的初始转动激发有利于Cl+HD反应的进行；而在G3势能面上，反应物的初始转动激发消弱了反应的反应性。     

原子-多原子分子反应的含时波包理论研究

基于Modified Jordan和Gilbert的势能面,运用SVRT(semirigid vibrating rotor target)模型和TDWP(Time-Dependent Wave Packet)方法,对D+CH4,O(3P)+CH4反应体系进行了含时波包动力学研究,计算得到了不同初始振动态的总反应几率,总散射截面和热速率常数.通过对j=0时,v=0,1的反应几率的计算,看出H-CH3的振动激发,极大地提高了反应几率,而反应阈能明显降低,说明反应分子的振动能对分子的碰撞反应有重要贡献.     

O(3P)+CD4反应的含时波包动力学计算

基于Modified Jordan和Gilbert的势能面,运用SVRT(semirigid vibrating rotor target)模型和TDWP(Time-Dependent Wave Packet)方法,对O(3P)+CD4反应体系进行了含时量子动力学计算,给出了该体系的总反应几率,散射截面和热速率常数等结果.通过对j=0时, v=0,1的反应几率的计算,看出D-CD3的振动激发,极大地提高了反应几率,而反应阈能明显降低,说明反应分子的振动能对分子的碰撞反应有重要贡献. 而对于v=0时j=0,1,2,3的反应几率的计算,得出转动量子数j的增大,也会使反应几率有较大的提高,但反应阈能基本不变.     

Analyses of the semi-classical wavepacket approach to chemical reactions: the F + H2 → HF + H reaction

Mixed quantum-classical calculations using propagation of 3D wavepackets in hyperspherical coordinates have been performed for the F + H₂ → HF + H reaction using two different potential energy surfaces. Vibrationally resolved cross-sections show good agreement with those obtained from accurate quantum mechanical calculations.     

Cross section for the H+H2O abstraction reaction: experiment and theory

The absolute value of the cross section for the abstraction reaction between fast H atoms and H2O has been determined experimentally at a mean collision energy of 2.46 eV. The OH population distribution at the same mean energy has also been determined. The new measurements are compared with state-of-the-art quantum mechanical and quasiclassical scattering calculations on the most recently developed potential energy surface.     

Quantum states of hydrogen (H, D, T) atoms on Cu(1 0 0) and (1 1 0) surfaces

We investigate the quantum mechanical behavior of adsorbed hydrogen (H, D, T) on Cu(1 0 0) and (1 1 0) surfaces. We construct potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the motion of the hydrogen H atom on Cu(1 0 0) and (1 1 0) surfaces within the framework of density functional theory. The potential energy takes a minimum value on the hollow site of Cu(1 0 0) and on the short bridge site of Cu(1 1 0). Moreover, we calculate the quantum states of hydrogen atom motion on these calculated PESs. The ground state wave function of the hydrogen atom motion is strongly localized around the hollow site on the Cu(1 0 0) surface. On the other hand, the ground state wave function of the hydrogen atom motion on Cu(1 1 0) is distributed from the short bridge site to two neighboring pseudo-threefold sites. We finally show isotope effects on the quantum states of the motion of hydrogen on both surfaces.     

气相中Fe+催化CO与N2O循环反应的理论计算研究

采用密度泛函UB3LYP/6–311+G(2d)方法计算研究了Fe+在基态和激发态与CO与N2O反应的反应机理。全参数优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标（IRC）方法对过渡态进行了验证,并用UB3LYP/6–311++G(3df,3pd)、单点垂直激发等方法分别进行各驻点单点能校正,四重态和六重态反应势能面交叉点CP确定,计算结果表明,该反应为两步反应,且反应机理都为插入—消去反应,势能面上的两个交叉点能够有效的降低反应的活化能,这在动力学和热力学上都是有利的。     

Quantum dynamics and kinetics of the abstraction reactions by H atoms of primary and secondary hydrogens in C3H8

The abstraction reaction of H atoms with propane molecules presents two concurrent channels. In this work we have determined the specific rate constants and the product branching ratios (BRs) between the two channels using quantum chemistry calculations and reduced dimensionality quantum dynamics. The potential energy surfaces were computed by treating explicitly the forming and breaking bonds during the reaction, and optimizing the geometries of all the remaining degrees of freedom. In this way, the dynamics of the reaction occurs on an effective reduced dimensionality hyper-surface accounting for the zero-point energy of the optimized degrees of freedom. Energies are calculated with the CCSD(T) method and the cc-pVTZ basis set, while frequencies are calculated with the MP2 method and the same basis set. The calculations give barrier heights of 0.46 (0.36) eV and the reactions are exothermic by 0.13 (0.25) eV for primary (secondary) hydrogens in C3H8. At room temperature, quantum tunnelling and zero-point effects are found to contribute more than one order of magnitude to the rate constants, when compared to purely classical transition state theory (TST) computations. The branching ratios show the importance of abstraction of secondary hydrogen in propane more significantly at a lower temperature in accord with experimental investigations.     

Xe对NO(X)微分截面和非弹性散射中的碰撞诱导旋转准直

本文对NO(X)-Xe碰撞系统在碰撞能量为519 cm^-1，测量了完全?-双峰分解的微分截面和碰撞引起的旋转准直力矩. 同时结合初始量子态选择，使用六极杆的非均质电场，借助量子态分辨的测量，利用(1+1'')共振增强的多光子电离和速度离子成像. 结果显示，微分截面以及偏振相关的微分截面均显示与从头算势能面上进行的量子力学散射计算[J. K?os etal. J. Chem. Phys. 137, 014312 (2012)]一致. 通过与准经典轨迹、硬壳势能的量子力学散射以及运动近端模型的比较，评估了势能对所测微分截面和碰撞引起的旋转准直力矩的影响.     

与HO2和HO3相关的复杂反应的量子动力学

Complex-forming reactions widely exist in gas-phase chemical reactions.Various complexforming bimolecular reactions have been investigated and interesting phenomena have been discovered.The complex-forming reactions usually have small or no barrier in the entrance channel,which leads to obvious differences in kinetic and dynamic characteristics compared with direct reactions.Theoretically,quantum state-resolved reaction dynamics can provide the most detailed microscopic dynamic mechanisms and is now feasible for a direct reaction with only one potential barrier.However,it is of great challenge to construct accurate potential energy surfaces and perform accurate quantum dynamics calculations for a complex polyatomic reaction involving deep potential wells and multi-channels.This paper reviews the most recent progress in two prototypical oxyhydrogen complex-forming reaction systems,HO₂ and HO₃,which are significant in combustion,atmospheric,and interstellar chemistry.We will present a brief survey of both computational and experimental work and emphasize on some unsolved problems existing in these systems.     

State-to-state quantum dynamics studies of the H + LiH+ → Li+ + H2 reaction

ABSTRACT

Quantum dynamical calculations of the H?+?LiH⁺?→?Li⁺?+?H₂ reaction were performed based on the potential energy surface (PES) reported by Dong et al. (RSC Adv. 7, 7008 (2017)) using the time-dependent quantum wave packet method in collision energy range from 0.01 to 1.0?eV. Dynamics properties such as reaction probability, integral cross section, differential cross section (DCS), and thermal rate constant of the H?+?LiH⁺?→?Li⁺?+?H₂ reaction were reported at the state-to-state level of theory and compared with available theoretical calculations. The results indicated that present values are in good agreement with results obtained from the quasi-classical trajectory method. However, large differences can be found between present values and previous quantum results. This can be attributed to the different PESs used in the calculation and the CS approximation was adopted in previous theoretical studies. In addition, the ‘rebound’ reaction mechanism was proposed in previous theoretical studies in a high collision energy range. However, the DCS scattering signals calculated in the present work indicated that complex-forming and direct abstract reaction mechanisms are dominant in low and high collision energies, respectively.