单脉冲激波管中1,2-二氯乙烷的热裂解

在单脉冲激波管上 ,研究了 1,2 二氯乙烷的热裂解 .实验的激波条件为 :温度区间 10 2 0K 相似文献   

水合乙酸锌脱水反应的动力学

用等温热重法和非等温热重法研究了Zn(CH3COO) 2·2H2 O的脱水反应 .在 61.1、62 .8、66.2、69.9℃下的等温热重数据 ,由等转化率下的lnt=E/RT +ln[g(α) /A]进行拟合 ,确定了活化能的大小 ;升温速率为 10℃ /min的非等温热重曲线显示 ,Zn(CH3COO) 2·2H2 O的脱水反应发生在 71～ 10 2℃间 ,其数据通过Doyle Zsako法进行拟合 ,以线性相关系数为判据 ,并结合等温热分析拟合结果 ,得到该脱水反应的积分动力学模式函数g(α) =[-ln( 1-α) ]2 / 3、活化能E =10 0 .8kJ/mol、指前因子ln(A/s-1) =3 6.0 9、动力学补偿效应方程为lnA =0 .3 3 3 9E + 2 .0 10 .     

3,7-二硝基亚氨基-2,4-二氮杂双环[3,3,0]辛烷的放热分解反应动力学

在程序升温条件下 ,用DSC研究了标题化合物的放热分解反应动力学 .用线性最小二乘法、迭代法以及二分法与最小二乘法相结合的方法 ,以积分方程、微分方程和放热速率方程拟合DSC数据 .在逻辑选择建立了微分和积分机理函数的最可几一般表达式后 ,用放热速率方程得到相应的表观活化能 (Ea)、指前因子 (A)和反应级数 (n)的值 .结果表明 :该反应的微分形式的经验动力学模式函数、Ea 和A值分别为 (1-α) 0 .44、2 30 .4kJ/mol和 10 18.16s-1.借助加热速率和所得动力学参数值 ,提出了标题化合物放热分解反应的动力学方程 .该化合物的热爆炸临界温度为 30 2 .6℃ .上述动力学参数对分析、评价标题化合物的稳定性和热变化规律十分有用 .     

克里奇中间体CH_2OO与CF_3CF=CF_2反应的动力学研究（英文）

本文使用OH激光诱导荧光方法研究了结构最简单的克里奇中间体CH2OO和CF_3CF=CF_2的反应动力学.在压强为10 Torr条件下,测量了温度在283,298,308和318 K的反应速率常数,分别为(1.45±0.14)×10~(-13),(1.18±0.11)×10~(-13),(1.11±0.08)×10~(-13)和(1.04±0.08)×10~(-13) cm~3·molecule~(-1)·s~(-1).根据阿伦尼乌斯方程,获得该反应的活化能为(-1.66±0.21) kcal/mol.在6.3～70 torr压力范围内,未观察到该反应的速率常数存在压力相关.     

自定义标量法模拟丙烷燃烧过程

采用自定义标量法模拟丙烷扩散燃烧,该方法通过把反应组分定义为Fluent程序的自定义标量、化学反应速率作为源项求解质量、动量、能量和组分守恒方程,并用化学反应引起的能量变化修正能量方程.考虑了详细的化学反应机理,整个燃烧反应机理包括27种化学物质(不含N2)和83个基元反应.合理地模拟出了丙烷的燃烧过程,并将火焰的长度、温度、丙烷、氧气以及中间产物的分布与实验数据进行比较.     

燃烧合成的反应进度分布模型及硼化锆理论温度分布

估算了预混固体自蔓延层流燃烧合成(SCS)中自烧温度和着火温度时的反应进度,给出了一个更附合实际的燃烧温度和反应进度的分布模型和一个改进后的SCS能量方程,由此推导出ZrB₂燃烧合成过程中的温度分布函数.该分布函数在95%的燃烧反应阶段与实验相符.分析了在高温端偏离较大的原因. 关键词：     

H+Li2: 一个典型的释能反应体系及其含时动力学研究

利用含时量子波包动力学理论在HLi₂ 基态势能面上研究了H+Li₂ → LiH+Li 反应的动力学性质. 计算得到了体系在0-0.4 eV 范围内J = 0 不同振动量子数(v = 0, 1, 2, 3), v = 0 不同转动量子数(J = 0, 5, 10,15) 下的反应概率、积分反应截面和热速率常数, 在此基础上讨论了释能反应的反应阈能随总角动量量子数的变化规律以及振动量子数对反应概率的影响等问题. 研究发现, 随着转动量子数的增大, 反应阈能也在逐渐增大; 然而随着振动量子数的增大, 由于反应为释能反应, 反应发生的概率却在逐渐减小. 分析了碰撞能对积分散射截面的影响以及温度对反应速率常数影响的规律.     

瞬态磷光发射光谱研究阿替洛尔与单线态氧反应的动力学（英文）

药物活性化合物阿替洛尔是一种β受体阻滞剂,若将其排放到地表水资源中会对人类健康和生态系统产生不利的影响.受光驱动的直接光降解以及间接光降解法可以有效去除环境中的阿替洛尔.在间接光降解方法中,~1O_2是降解阿替洛尔这类污染物的重要活性物种.然而,关于阿替洛尔与~1O_2反应动力学的信息还比较缺乏,二者间的反应速率常数仍存在争议.本文通过直接观察~1O_2在1270 nm处衰减动力学来研究阿替洛尔与~1O_2在不同溶剂中的反应速率常数:在重水中为7.0×10~5 (mol/L)~(-1)·s~(-1),在乙腈中为8.0×10~6 (mol/L)~(-1)·s~(-1),在乙醇中为8.4×10~5 (mol/L)~(-1)·s~(-1).在极性强、给氢能力弱的溶剂中阿替洛尔与~1O_2的反应速率常数更大.这些结果对光降解阿替洛尔等β受体阻滞剂提供相关动力学信息.     

CH_4在Cu/γ-Al_2O_3颗粒上催化燃烧分区及反应特性

采用固定床微分反应器,实验研究了甲烷在不同氧烷分压比(P_(O_2)/P_(CH_4))下Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂上的反应速率及燃烧特性,确定了反应动力学分区,并探讨了甲烷催化燃烧反应的表面机理及动力学特性。结果表明,当P_(O_2)/P_(CH_4)2时,微分反应器中的反应速率与CH_4分压成正比而与O_2分压无关,催化剂表面呈饱和氧吸附状态;0.1P_(O_2)/P_(CH_4)2时,反应速率受CH_4和O_2分压的共同影响,吸附氧未完全覆盖活性位表面;当0P_(O_2)/P_(CH_4)0.1时,反应速率仅与O_2分压呈正比关系,与CH_4无关,金属表面裸露,表面吸附氧被快速吹离。动力学研究表明,3个反应动力学区间所对应的催化剂表面吸附氧覆盖率有明显不同,3个区间依次为(O~*)、(O~*+*)和(*),所对应的表观活化能依次下降146.3kJ/mol、99.8 kJ/mol、60.8 kJ/mol。     

MT烟火药高压稳态燃烧射流场的数值模拟

为研究镁-特氟隆(MT)基烟火药在不同工况下的燃烧过程,建立了MT烟火药柱二维稳态燃烧流动模型,气相反应采用简化的三步反应动力学机理,利用CFD软件Fluent,数值分析了MT稳定燃烧时的射流形态及流场参数分布特性。结果表明:燃烧流场温度在燃面上方50 mm内处于急剧上升阶段,也是气相反应区域;镁的质量分数为0.45~0.61时,其含量越小,温度越高,且越靠近火焰核心,温度梯度越大;压力为0.1~5 MPa时,随着压力升高,火焰核心向下游移动,动力学反应速率明显增大,CF_2组分分布核心和Mg的氧化还原反应核心向下游移动,而C组分分布核心和C-C结合反应核心由一个中心区逐步分裂移至两侧,形成两个小的核心区。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.