聚龙一号装置的强电磁干扰对PDV的影响研究

光子多普勒测速系统(PDV)常采用全光纤模式, 操作方便, 已成为材料超高压动态实验获取动力学特性的重要诊断技术。测速范围和精度与光电传感器和数据采集仪器有关, 激光到达靶面后返回光电转换器, 速度由多普勒引起的频率变化直接解读。聚龙一号装置是开展材料动态实验的重要平台, 放电电流峰值5~8MA, 0~100%上升时间300~750ns。在装置放电过程中, 靶室和大厅中的强电磁干扰可以达到10~300MHz, 当干扰耦合进返回光信号后, 导致速度剖面解读困难。采用聚四氟乙烯绝缘膜和导电铝膜包覆测速探针很好地抑制了强电磁干扰信号对光信号的干扰, 大大提高了速度测量数据的有效性。     

快速交变电场驱动下压电换能器伸长曲线的测量

为测量压电换能器在快速交变电场驱动下的实际伸长变化,提出一种基于调频激光自外差信号解调技术的测量方法.该方法通过外差技术实现信号频谱搬移,避免了光电探测器接收时低频噪声的干扰,准确地获得了压电换能器端面速度的傅里叶谱;对傅里叶谱进行分析,从而获得压电换能器端面的速度曲线;对速度曲线积分,得到了伸长曲线.实验结果表明,基...     

Signal processing of double-beam and double-scattering laser Doppler velocimeter

The common method of laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) signal processing is fast Fourier transform (FFT). Because of the restraint of spectral interference, fence effect and spectrum leakage, the precision of FFT is not high. In order to improve the accuracy of double-beam and double-scattering laser Doppler velocimeter signal processing, an algorithm based on spectral refinement and interpolation is put forward. First, high-pass filter is adopted to remove the baseplate of LDV signal. Second, FFT is adopted to get the estimate of Doppler frequency and then Zoom-FFT is used to refine the local range of Doppler frequency. Third, four-term fifth derivative Nuttall windowed interpolation is used to correct the refined spectrum. Then the accurate estimate of Doppler frequency can be obtained. Simulations and experiments based on the LDV system built in laboratory show that Zoom-FFT can improve the resolution of spectrum and four-term fifth derivative Nuttall windowed interpolation can further increase the precision of signal processing.     

Research on laser Doppler velocimeter for vehicle self-contained inertial navigation system

An idea of using laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) to measure the velocity for the vehicle inertial navigation system was put forward. The principle of measuring its own velocity with laser Doppler technique was elaborated and reference-beam LDV was designed. Then Doppler signal was processed by tracking filter, frequency spectrum refinement and frequency spectrum correction algorithm. The result of theory and experiment showed that the reference-beam LDV solved the problem that dual-beam LDV cannot be used for measuring when the system was out of focus. Doppler signal was tracked so that signal-to-noise ratio was improved, and the accuracy of the system was enhanced by the technology of frequency spectrum refinement and correction. The measurement mean error was less than 1.5% in velocity range of 0-30 m/s.     

Dual-polarization fiber grating laser-based laser Doppler velocimeter

A dual-frequency laser Doppler velocimeter implemented by a dual-polarization fiber grating laser is proposed,with the two laser frequencies produced by the two orthogonally polarized laser outputs of the fiber grating laser.The reflected laser outputs from a moving target experience the Doppler frequency shift,which is shown to be linearly related to the velocity and the beat note frequency difference between the laser outputs and the reflected light. With a digital frequency demodulation scheme,a high sensitivity of 0.64 MHz/(m/s) and a velocity resolution of less than 0.5% of the velocity for velocity measurement are demonstrated,which shows that the proposed laser Doppler velocimeter is capable of measurement of wide range of velocity.     

Measurement of the velocity inside an all-fiber DBR laser by self-mixing technique

The self-mixing interference for optical velocity sensing is experimentally investigated in an all-fiber configuration distributed Bragg reflector laser. Simultaneously, theory model of self-mixing interference laser Doppler velocimeter based on quasi-analytical method. The experimental results show Doppler shift frequency is linearly proportional to the value of the velocity which agrees well with theory analysis. The results preserve an enough signal-to-noise ratio around 40 dB in the range from 39.3–317.0 mm/s (measurement range depending on bandwidth of circuit) for velocity measurement. Additionally, the cutoff circuit is used in our system to get a stable Doppler signal and reduces the error rate to 0.136 % in practical measurement.     

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术的高速气流流速测量方法研究

以激光Doppler效应为原理,结合可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术的窄线宽、可调谐优势, 可实现高速气流流速的实时在线检测.介绍了流速测量的基本原理和方法,搭建了双光路流速测量系统, 利用DFB激光器对位于1398 nm处的水汽吸收线进行10 kHz快速扫描,获得高速气流的实时光谱信息, 并根据两路吸光度曲线之间的Doppler频移来反演气流流速.介绍了频率标定和Doppler频移测量的方法. 在风洞上进行了流速测量验证性实验,将流速测量结果与理论计算结果进行了对比,二者之间符合得较好, 初步证明了该方法的可行性.分析了系统的性能及可能引起流速测量误差的因素,以便系统进一步优化.     

Laser Doppler vibrometry based on self-mixing effect

In this paper, a simple, compact and low cost laser Doppler vibrometer is presented. It is simply composed of a laser diode (9 mm in diameter, 2 g of weight, emitting at 825 nm) and by a two-lens optical system designed to focus the laser radiation on the vibrating target. This sensor can measure target velocity. The working principle is based on the self-mixing effect that occurs in a semiconductor laser diode when the emitted radiation is back reflected toward the cavity and then re-introduced inside. The target velocity is calculated measuring the frequency of the peak of the spectrum of the signal generated by a photodiode mounted on the back facet of the laser diode. In this article, the design and the realisation of the vibrometer is reported. The self-mixing vibrometer has been calibrated in the range 0–300 mm/s, using a rotating disk covered with white paper. The effect of the angle of measurement and target distance are reported. Finally, the sensor has been compared with a commercial laser Doppler vibrometer using a vibrating surface as a target.     

Effect of speckle pattern on laser Doppler velocimeters

The effect of speckle pattern on laser Doppler velocimeters is studied theoretically and experimentally. We have found that dynamic speckle patterns can cause error in velocity measurement. Increasing sampling time and using proper signal processing circuits can eliminate this bad effect caused by speckle pattern.The accuracy of velocity measurement is better than 2.1％ in a wide velocity range(4.66-468.86 mm/s)when speckle effects are taken into account.     

Velocity Measurement of Laser cooled Atoms by FM Spectroscopy TechniqueSupported by the National Science Foundation of China, No.19834060, and the Department of National Science and Technology of China, No.95 Yu 34.

Ｗｈｅｎａｎａｔｏｍａｂｓｏｒｂｓｏｒｅｍｉｔｓａｐｈｏｔｏｎ,ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｃｏｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎｔｈｅａｔｏｍ’ｓｃｅｎｔｅｒｏｆｍａｓｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍ．Ｔｈｉｓ“ａｔｏｍｉｃｒｅｃｏｉｌ”ｏｒ“ｐｈｏｔｏｎｒｅｃｏｉｌ”...     

固体激光器热透镜焦距的自适应补偿

It is suggested an improved method for measuring the velocity distribution of cold atoms, using FM technique to derive the signal from the recoil-induced resonance. The method is capable to measure velocity distribution of atoms cooled below the Doppler limit of laser cooling in a compact space with high S/N ratio.     

差动激光多普勒测速仪在固体速度测量中的应用

采用差动型后向散射的方式进行实验,利用数据采集卡PCI DAS-4020采集信号,并在Labview软件中对信号进行滤波处理,以提高信噪比,运用傅里叶变换(FFT)处理数据,计算出运动目标的速度并与实际速度进行了比较。结果表明该系统用于固体表面速度的测量切实可行,精度可达到2.2%。     

碘吸收激光稳频中调制信号的理论计算

激光频率标准是将激光频率锁定于原子或分子的超精细能级间的跃迁频率,从而获得高精密度的激光频率输出。在激光稳频研究工作中,通常将碘分子的吸收谱线采用导数谱、FM光谱和调制转移光谱MTS(ModulationTransferSpectroscopy)进行频率的精密控制。为更好地消除吸收谱线的本底噪声,目前最好的稳频方案是采用调制转移光谱法。它具有高灵敏度、高分辨率和无多普勒背景等特点。从物理学的原理出发,分析了激光对介质的极化机理,导出介质对激光的吸收和色散作用的数学模型,用信号处理的技术从理论上推导了MTS谱线线型,分析了光谱线型的特性,讨论了提高激光频率稳定度的各种情况。     

Broadband amplitude-modulated laser source with high output power for FM/cw lidar transmitter

We are building a long-range FM/cw nonscanning imaging lidar breadboard. This lidar system achieves ranging based on a frequency modulation/continuous wave (FM/cw) technique, implemented by an amplitude modulated mid-IR diode laser transmitter with a linear frequency modulation (LFM) of the subcarrier. Firstly, various schemes of light beam modulation are analyzed. Secondly, we put forward a laser modulation scheme whose core was formed by a 1.55 μm electro-absorption modulated laser diode (EML) and an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA), then a corresponding experimental system architecture and components for light beam modulation and detection are established. Finally, a corresponding experiment of laser beam modulation is completed for the first time. In our experiment, the EML amplitude is modulated by a 200 MHz to 800 MHz LFM signal, whose amplitude value is 2.05 V. The average output power of the modulated laser obtained in the experiment is 10 W, peak power is 16.4 W, and the average modulation depth is 78%. The results of tests predict that this laser modulation scheme is likely to improve the imaging range of the FM/cw lidar.     

小波分析在激光多普勒信号处理中的应用

 提出将激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)应用于车载惯性导航系统中,阐述了激光多普勒自身速度仪的基本原理和小波变换的相关理论,并运用小波变换对多普勒信号进行检测、去噪及提取多普勒频率,仿真及实验结果表明：信号进行小波分解后,对每一级小波进行阈值处理,得到了较好的去噪效果;在小波降噪常见的阈值原则中,无偏似然估计阈值和极值阈值不容易丢失信号中的有用成分,而启发式阈值原则和固定阈值原则可以更有效地去除噪声;对于提取多普勒频率而言,小波变换与快速傅里叶变换所得的结果是一致的,而小波变换不但可以求出系统自身的运动速度,而且还可以求出对应速度发生的时刻。     

基于激光多普勒技术扭振测量的研究

提出一种基于激光多普勒技术和光学外差原理对高速回转机械进行扭振测量的新方法,分析了工作原理,推导出光路部分的数学模型,并通过实验分别验证了测量方法的可行性和准确性。高相干激光投射到转轴同一个截面上2点,反射光的多普勒频移正比于转轴转速,通过光学配置,使前后两个时刻的多普勒频移光信号在光探测器上发生光学混频,光电流拍差正比于转轴在两个时刻的速度差,控制两个时刻时间差很小,直接得到角加速度。与其他激光多普勒扭振测量方法相比,该方法直接测量转动角加速度,在保证测量精度的前提下,提高了扭转振动测量的实时性,极大地扩展了扭振测量的动态范围,对大型回转机械运行状态监测和故障诊断具有重要意义。     

1.06 μm相干激光雷达动目标多普勒信号探测

介绍了一套1.06 μm脉冲式相干激光雷达测速演示系统.采用单块非平面环形激光器作为种子,注入到单纵模运转的Q开关高重复频率Nd∶YAG激光器为发射源,实现稳定的单频输出.通过外差式相干探测的方法,利用转速0~60 Hz可调、直径为10 cm的转盘为运动目标,回波信号被带宽为3.5 GHz的高速光电探测器响应后,经采样率为2.5 GS/s的A/D采样,输送到基于LabVIEW信号处理系统中,从而测量不同转速下的多普勒频移,各测速点的多普勒频移测量结果相对误差在3%以内.针对测量中存在的误差从激光器输出线宽和测速系统准确度两方面进行了误差分析,并提出了改进措施.演示系统的良好重复性证实了这种相干激光雷达系统的可行性.     

TDLAS中激光器IM/FM相位延迟实时测量方法研究

在基于谐波检测法的TDLAS（可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱)系统中,在通过改变激光器注入电流实现激光频率扫描和调制的同时引起激光强度的变化,激光器输出信号的强度-频率(IM/FM)相位延迟_m的变化将直接导致谐波系数波动,带来系统误差。提出一种利用光纤迈克尔逊干涉仪实现激光器输出信号强度-频率(IM/FM)相位延迟_m的测量方法,能在激光器调制测量的同时实时测量相位延迟_m。实验结果表明,激光器输出信号强度-频率(IM/FM)相位延迟_m与理论值π有一定差异。研究提出的方法可以用来实时补偿信号强度-频率(IM/FM)相位延迟_m对气体浓度测量结果的影响。     

Laser Doppler velocimeter using a single longitudinal mode solid-state laser source

An experimental demonstration of using a single longitudinal mode solid-state laser source in laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) is presented. The technology of frequency spectrum correction is used in processing Doppler signal. The results of the experiments show that: the magnitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Doppler signal are both enhanced by the solid-state laser; the measurement accuracy of LDV is improved by the technology of frequency spectrum correction, and the variance of the measured Doppler frequency is larger than the Cramer-Rao low bound (CRLB) of Doppler frequency about one order of magnitude.     

基于Nuttall窗三谱线插值的激光多普勒信号处理方法研究

快速傅里叶变换(FFT)是主要的激光多普勒测速系统信号处理方法,由于受到频谱泄露和栅栏效应的影响,其处理精度并不理想。基于Nuttall窗三谱线插值法的激光多普勒信号处理方法就是一种好的处理方法,它可以有效地抑制频谱泄漏和栅栏效应,改善信号分析精度,提高速度测量精度。由于Nuttall四项余弦窗的能量集中在主瓣,旁瓣非常小,因此加Nuttall四项余弦窗的FFT三谱线插值算法能够极大地减小频谱泄漏的影响,谱间干扰也很小,能很好地减小频谱泄漏和栅栏效应。