First principles study of ceramic materials (IVB group carbides) under ultrafast laser irradiation

Group IVB carbides have been applied in extreme aerospace environments as hard ceramic coatings; ZrC is being considered as a replacement for SiC in nuclear reactors. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the laser irradiation response of group IVB carbides is of clear significance. However, the existing knowledge on the fundamental properties of IVB group carbides is limited and insufficient with regard to both irradiated and non-irradiated characteristics. We investigate the effect of ultrafast laser irradiation on the lattice stability of ceramic materials(IVB group carbides) using the density functional perturbation theory(DFPT). The calculated phonon frequencies of TiC and ZrC at the ground state are in good agreement with previous calculations and experimental values. The phonon frequencies of IVB group carbides are positive, even though the electronic temperature reached 5 eV. Thus, IVB group carbides are more stable under ultrafast laser irradiation, which has greater benefits in nuclear and aeronautical applications compared to metals(W,Na), semimetals(Bi),and semiconductors(Si,SiC). The thermodynamic properties of ZrC are calculated as functions of their lattice temperature at different electronic temperatures. The elastic shear constants of IVB group carbides satisfy the Born stability criteria at Te = 5 eV. In addition, a comparison of the predicted melting temperatures of IVB group carbides, reveal that HfC is better suited for extreme high-temperature environments.     

基于相对性原理的多普勒效应公式推导

“大学物理”旨在向学生传递“联系”与“统一”的思想,但众多的教材在推导多普勒效应公式时却没有深入探寻“相对运动”与“频率变化”之间的联系和统一.作者从波长的定义着手,基于相对性原理,应用伽利略变换式对机械波的多普勒效应公式进行推导和应用验证;采用洛伦兹变化式对电磁波的多普勒效应公式进行推导.通过推导机械波和电磁波的多普勒效应公式,揭示了多普勒效应的频率变化实际是在不同惯性系中的测量结果.     

锰矿中铁、锌、铅的连续示波极谱快速测定

本文解决了长期以来存在的氨性底液中Zn~(2+)与Co~(2+)、Bi~(3+)与Pb~(2+)的两种干扰问题,提出了加入氨三乙酸的氨溶液(NTA-NH_3)和抗坏血酸(VC)使矿样不经任何分离即可直接在CU~(2+)、Bi~(3+)、Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Sb~(2+)和大量Mn~(2+)存在下,在(NH_4)_2CO_3-NH_3底液中连续快速测定Fe~(3+)、Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的新方法。即使Fe~(3+)含量比Pb~(2+)大200倍也能顺利测Pb~(2+)。如Sb~(3+)不存在可连续测Cd~(2+)。若Zn~(2+)、Co~(2+)含量相差不大,则溶解一个矿样后同时可用文献[1]的方法测Zn~(2+)和Co~(2+)的重合波作为Zn~(2+)、Co~(2+)总量,然后减去本法测定的Zn~(2+)含量,半定量估计Co~(2+)含量,并定量测定Cu~(2+)和Ni~(2+)。本法溶矿手续简便,用固体Na_2SO_3除氧,不需加极大抑制剂,测定手续几分钟内即完成,误差在允许范围以内。     

四硫化三铁纳米粒子的制备及应用

近些年来磁性Fe3S4纳米粒子由于其独特的物理化学性质,如量子尺寸效应、电磁学特性,在环境治理、能源储存、催化剂、生物医学应用等方面展示出了其巨大的潜力。本文总结了近10年来国内外Fe3S4纳米粒子的制备方法及对比了不同合成方法的优缺点,主要包括：共沉淀法、水热法(溶剂热法)、热分解法和模板法。并且综述了Fe3S4纳米材料在环境治理、能源储存、生物医学等方面的应用。最后,分析了Fe3S4纳米材料在制备中存在的一些问题,并对其的发展方向进行了展望。