共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 245 毫秒
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质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)气体扩散层(GDL)具有各向异性属性,常规数值模拟对GDL采取均匀模型,忽略了各向异性传递过程对PEMFC性能的影响。本文发展了一个三维非等温单相模型,在GDL平面内和GDL厚度方向采用不同的传递系数,模拟了各向异性传递系数对PEMFC整体和局部性能的影响。在本文计算条件下,GDL各向异性和均匀模型模拟得到的电池极化曲线几乎完全相同,但电池电流密度分布和温度分布等局部特性存在很大差异。该结果进一步证明了不能单独用极化曲线来验证电池数学模型的正确性。 相似文献
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质子交换膜中的传质分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
质子交换膜燃料电池是最有应用前景的汽车动力替代系统。质子交换膜中的传质是质子交换膜燃料电池性能的控制因素之一。论文从宏观和微观角度分析了质子交换膜中的质子和水分的传递机理,分析了操作参数对质子在质子交换膜中传递的影响。研究发现:外载荷对质子和水分在质子交换膜中的传递有很大影响;(H5O2)+是水合质子的主要结构形式;通过(H5O2)+中氢氧键不断形成与断裂,电荷在质子交换膜中得以传递。研究结果对理解质子交换膜中的传质机理及其推广应用具有积极意义。 相似文献
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流场的结构对于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的水管理和气体的传递具有十分重要的影响,相关研究一直是燃料电池的研究热点与重点。本文以纯氧气和空气作为阴极氧化剂,通过电池的性能测试、极化曲线和电化学阻抗分析等原位实验,分析了气体的流动与传输、不同流场下的电流密度、入口反应气体浓度等条件对电池性能的影响。实验结果表明,提高氧气浓度可以获得更好的质子交换膜燃料电池性能和最小化活化损失,纯氧气、波状流场的使用效果随进气量的变化而有明显的变化。 相似文献
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本文建立了一个两相流、非等温、三维模型来研究PEM燃料电池内的传递过程,讨论了其内部水分布和温度分布特性。模拟结果表明水分布和温度分布都不均匀。沿着流动方向阳极侧水浓度逐渐降低,而阴极侧水浓度却不断升高,导致阴极容易形成液态水;在垂直流动方向上,脊下水的浓度和液态水饱和度都高于流道下;不同放电电压下阴极GDL中液态水分布趋势不同。沿流动方向温度逐渐降低,反应气体不足时降低梯度更大;脊下膜电极中温度低于流道下;垂直膜电极方向上最高温度在阴极催化层,放电电压越低,温度梯度越大;相同放电电压下质子交换膜越厚,各处的温度越低,温度梯度也越小。 相似文献
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利用落塔开展了不同重力情况下质子交换膜燃料电池性能的实验研究.对常重力和微重力条件下质子交换膜燃料电池发电时其阴极蛇形流场内部的两相流动开展了可视化现场观测.对重力因素对质子交换膜燃料电池内部传质过程的影响进行了分析和讨论.实验结果表明:在常重力环境中,液态水堆积在竖置流道的底部,无法有效排出.聚集在流道内的液态水与反应气体在流道内形成气/液两相流动.在微重力环境中,液态水在气体推动力的作用下从流道的底部上升并沿流道向出口流动.聚集在流道内的液态水排除后,减小了反应气体(氧气)从流道向催化层的传递阻力,从而使质子交换膜燃料电池的性能得到提高. 相似文献
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操作参数对PEM燃料电池中水迁移的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
质子膜内水分和阴极多孔电极中液态水含量是PEM燃料电池正常运行的控制因素。本文给出了一个用于研究PEM燃料电池内水迁移的稳态、等温、两相流模型。模型耦合了连续方程、动量守恒方程和物质守恒方程,以及水在质子膜中传递方程。运用试验结果验证了模型的有效性。分析模拟结果表明,增大系统操作压力、升高电池操作温度和降低加湿温度将会使质子膜中水的净迁移通量增大;增大操作压力、降低操作温度和升高加湿温度会增加阴极CTL与GDL界面上液态水含量。 相似文献
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A complete three-dimensional and single phase computational dynamics model for annular proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is used to investigate the effect of changing gas diffusion layer and membrane properties on the performances, current density and gas concentration. The proposed model is a full cell model, which includes all the parts of the PEM fuel cell, flow channels, gas diffusion electrodes, catalyst layers and the membrane. Coupled transport and electrochemical kinetics equations are solved in a single domain; therefore no interfacial boundary condition is required at the internal boundaries between cell components. This computational fluid dynamics code is used as the direct problem solver, which is used to simulate the two-dimensional mass, momentum and species transport phenomena as well as the electron- and proton-transfer process taking place in a PEMFC that cannot be investigated experimentally. The results show that by increasing the thickness and decreasing the porosity of GDL the performance of the cell enhances that it is different with planner PEM fuel cell. Also the results show that by decreasing the thickness of the membrane the performance of the cell increases. 相似文献
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A numerical scheme is developed to simulate electro-osmotic flow and mass transport in a microchannel which includes a 180° turn. The model has been used to predict the behaviour of electro-osmotically driven flows. The detailed structure of the flow field in a microchannel in combination with species mass diffusion can explain the concentration dispersion introduced by a 180° turn. The results of our simulations agree both qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observation. It is demonstrated that an improved electro-osmotic force model could simulate the electrokinetically driven flow well without making detailed calculations of the electric charge density distribution within the electrical double layer. Additionally, because this model applies forces to the liquid as opposed to imposing local velocities, it should also be appropriate for use where pressure gradients exist in the flow field. 相似文献
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We consider models for liquid phase epitaxy without and with elasticity. The models are based on continuum models for fluid
flow and transport of adatoms in the liquid solution and a BCF–model for the growth of the solid phase. Using homogenization
by formal asymptotic expansion, we obtain two–scale models that are appropriate to describe the evolution of microstructures
in the solid phase for processes of technically relevant macroscopic length scales. The two–scale models consist of macroscopic
equations for fluid flow and solute transport in the liquid and microscopic cell problems for the growth and elastic deformation
of the solid. For the case without elasticity and a phase field approximation of the BCF–model, an estimate of the model error
is presented. 相似文献
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A continuum model is proposed to describe the process of scanned probe oxidation in the presence of a thin water layer on the surface of a substrate. The model describes the electric field and ion transport in both the liquid and the oxide layers and incorporates the reaction mechanism at the substrate/oxide interface. Further, the influence of the space charge due to ions trapped near the substrate/oxide interface is taken into account.Separation of time scales for the chemical reactions and ion transport as well as the asymptotic limit in terms of a small aspect ratio of the oxide layer are used to reduce the complex system of partial differential equations to a one-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. The analytical solution of the reduced system results in the evolution equation for the oxide thickness. Numerical simulations of the evolution equation predict features of oxide growth that qualitatively agree with the experimental observations. A parametric study is conducted to determine the influence of the key operating and material parameters on the thickness of the oxide, the electric field, and ion concentration in the system. 相似文献
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质子交换膜燃料电池波浪形平行流场研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
质子交换膜燃料电池的传统平行流场存在着传质不佳,高电流密度下大量的液态水无法及时排出导致性能急剧下降等问题。提出了一种新型的波浪形平行流场并利用数值模拟方法优化了波浪形平行流场的几何结构。结果表明,相比于传统平行流场,波浪形平行流场不仅能够有效促进氧气的传输,还能加快液态水的去除,采用波浪形平行流场的PEMFC最大输出功率相比于传统设计提升了30.7%,当波浪长度和波幅分别为4 mm和0.8 mm时,采用新型流场的PEMFC性能达到最佳。 相似文献
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Z. Shao C. L. Ren G. E. Schneider 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2009,171(1):189-194
A theoretical model is developed to investigate electrokinetic driven fluid flow and species transport. A typical cross-channel
geometry is chosen with applications of species on-chip injection-separation analysis. The electrical potential, fluid flow
and species concentration fields are presented in detail. These governing equations are non-dimensionalized uniquely to identify
the controlling factors in microchannel performance. For the unsteady species transport equation, two different non-dimensionalization
methods are compared. A preferred way to non-dimensionalize time in the concentration transport equation provides superior
insight and understanding. Using a non-uniform staggered grid, a finite control volume method and line-by-line iterative procedure
are implemented for the simulations. The Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations (SIMPLE) algorithm is employed
to solve the discrete equations. Grid independence and convergence studies are performed. 相似文献