轴对称受限射流冲击尖端障碍物流声特性

本文研究了障碍物位于流场不同位置时轴对称射流冲击尖劈障碍物流动和声学特性。应用大涡模型(LES)数值模拟了受限射流流动特性和FW-H方程数值积分求解了远声场噪声频谱和声压级特性,并与自由射流模拟结果进行对比分析。模拟结果表明当障碍物位于自由射流流场转折界面处,自由射流涡环配对失败,使得自由射流主要噪声源被破坏,受限射流声源为障碍物产生的偶极子声源;当障碍物位于自由射流流场充分发展区,自由射流主要声源涡环配对完成,声源为自由射流段四极子声源和障碍物产生的偶极子声源,且随着离喷嘴距离增加,障碍物处流体流动速度减小,远声场相同位置声压级值逐渐减小。     

基于非结构网格CE/SE算法圆柱绕流气动声场模拟

本文采用时空守恒(CE/SE)格式求解Navier-Stoks方程与Euler方程,数值模拟了绕圆柱流动引发的气动噪声源及传播问题.对近声场与远声场采用了不同的控制方程和边界条件,分别得到了流场与声场解.将其与采用大涡模拟和FW-H方程得到的结果进行了对比,表明本文的数值方法能够很好地反映流场与声场的形态,能较好地模拟声场指向性及流场中的拟声现象,相比LES/FW-H方法能更精确地反映流场与声场的相互关系.     

襟翼侧缘噪声机理及修型降噪设计

襟翼侧缘噪声是飞机起降阶段机体噪声的重要噪声源。采用极大涡模拟对襟翼侧缘非定常流场进行数值模拟,分析其噪声产生机理.基于此,提出了两种襟翼侧缘修型方式,应用虚拟渗透面的Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H)声比拟方法将修型构型的远场噪声频谱特性和指向性与基准构型对比分析,研究其降噪效果。通过流场和声场的数值模拟表明,襟翼侧缘噪声属于宽频噪声。不同的襟翼侧缘形状改变了流场形态、侧缘涡结构以及涡系的发展过程,进而对声源分布和远场噪声特性产生影响。结果表明:在给定的5°计算迎角下,两种襟翼侧缘修型方式在保证增升装置的原有升阻气动特性的前提下,能达到减小全场总声压级1~2 dB的降噪效果。      

开孔结构流致噪声的数值模拟和机理分析

飞机机体表面的开孔设计会形成空腔结构,产生空腔流致噪声。空腔噪声的控制需要彻底认识其流动和噪声机理。以飞机的功能性开孔为例,通过半经验公式分析了其空腔噪声频率随速度的变化规律,预测了出现流声共振的工况。空腔发生流声共振时,特定频率的纯音噪声会被放大。为此,采用脱体涡模拟方法开展了开孔结构流声共振的三维非定常数值计算,分析了其流场和声场特性。其中,数值方法的准确性通过圆形空腔标模计算进行验证。结果表明,在一定速度下剪切层内的扰动将诱发空腔深度方向声模态,出现流声共振现象。此时,剪切层表现为强烈的周期性上下拍动,空腔底部和后缘区域的局部压力脉动幅值较大,声波主要由空腔后缘向上游方向辐射,上游噪声大于下游。     

三维串列双圆柱绕流气动流场及声场模拟

数值模拟三维串列双圆柱在不同间距比下湍流流态及其辐射声场.采用大涡模拟(LES)求解非定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程得到瞬时流场数据,从而得到声源相关数据,求解基于FW-H积分方程的Farassat-1A方程计算载荷噪声得到相应声场分布.通过对不同间距比下相应的声场及观测点的声压频谱图进行比较可以发现:随着间距的变化,流场呈现出3种不同的流态,其声场也呈现不同的特点,在临界间距比下,总噪声值最大.     

射流冲击圆锥噪声特性实验及数值分析

为研究低马赫数条件下射流冲击圆锥形障碍物的气动声学特性,针对4个冲击距离下的射流声场进行了远场实验测量,并基于大涡模拟进行了数值模拟计算,结果显示声场测量与数值结果吻合较好。从数值模拟捕捉到的冲击射流涡结构产生、演化以及耗散的变化现象,分析了冲击距离与远场声压之间的影响因素及涡变化与声源分布关系,发现影响冲击射流的主要噪声源与冲击距离具有很强的相关性。研究表明:障碍物位于10D_e位置处时所接收到的声压级最大,影响冲击射流的主要噪声源为旋涡脱落引起的具有宽频带特性的偶极子噪声源;当冲击距离较远时,主要声源为具有低频特性的自由射流段涡环配对产生的四极子源。     

基于蜗舌改型的空调用离心风机流动分析及降噪研究

本文采用计算流体动力学和声类比相结合的混合方法对空调用离心风机进行流场以及声场的计算,同时进行风机风量和噪声的实验测量,验证所采用的数值计算模型和计算方法的有效性.针对原型非常规蜗壳,提取蜗壳中间截面型线进行直蜗舌的蜗壳设计,在此基础上设计了三种倾斜蜗舌的蜗壳.根据数值计算结果,对最优倾斜蜗舌进行了实验验证。经实验测试,风机在各个工况点风量均有提升,在最大风量点风量提升6.0%,噪声降低1.4 dB(A).数值分析风机内部流动特征及噪声特性,发现在蜗舌附近流动区域内湍流强度和涡量明显减小,在叶片通过频率处声功率谱密度以及噪声峰值明显下降,这也表明风机的旋转噪声得到了有效控制。     

狭窄通道湍流纵向涡强化换热实验和数值研究

本文采用实验的方法,研究了单面加热矩形狭窄通道内,翼片型纵向涡发生器对流动换热的强化作用.在此基础上,应用大涡模拟的方法对通道内的瞬态流场及其对壁面对流换热的影响进行了研究,并将数值模拟与实验进行了比较.结果表明,通过添加翼片可以在流动中产生涡流,强化壁面边界层与流体的物质和能量交换,并验证了将大涡模拟应用于纵向涡强化换热研究的可行性.     

三维曲面腔顶盖驱动流的MRT-LBM研究

采用多松弛时间格子玻尔兹曼方法(MRT-LBM)的D3Q15模型分别对长方体腔、圆柱腔、半圆柱腔、旋转双曲面腔、旋转椭球面腔、半球腔以及两种组合腔体的三维顶盖驱动腔流进行数值模拟, 比较分析各腔体内流线分布、流速等值线分布和涡心的发展, 对于典型腔体模拟不同雷诺数下的流动情况。结果表明: 在同一雷诺数下, 曲面边界不仅能消除从边界产生的次涡, 还会导致腔内主涡的分离, 增大中心纵剖面纵向回流速度; “上长方体+下半圆柱”腔内流函数分布与边界贴合度最高。当雷诺数不断增大时, 半圆柱腔内主涡逐渐分离成两个同向涡, “上圆柱+下半球”腔内始终保持着圆柱腔与半球腔内的基本流动特征; 而长方体腔内主涡涡心保持在同一高度, 次涡逐渐增强, “上长方体+下半圆柱”腔内流动愈加规则, 主涡逐渐下沉, 流速等值线分布逐渐趋于中心小、四周大。     

基于涡声理论的低速轴流风机气动噪声研究

采用PIV和CFD对不同安装角低速轴流风机流场进行对比研究,结合低速等熵流动的涡声理论分析风机内部流场与噪声辐射关联,在此基础上计算风机气动噪声.研究表明,低速等熵流动的气动噪声主要源于流场中涡系的拉伸与破裂.均匀进气情况下低速轴流风机的主要气动噪声源为叶片尾缘涡脱落噪声和叶尖涡噪声,其中前者强度明显大于后者.在此基础上,应用基于CFD的涡脱落噪声预测模型对风机气动噪声预测结果与实验吻合较好.     

车辆天窗气动噪声的数值分析与实验研究

本文从汽车天窗气动噪声的机理入手,利用与实车几何尺寸为1:5的简化模型进行了空腔绕流的数值计算,分析了其流场结构及气动噪声产生的原因.在低速静音风洞中进行了不同流速下的流场和声场实验研究,研究了天窗不同位置的速度剪切层变化,以及不同流速下的声压级变化,发现了除了特征频率下的风振噪声,还存在较大频率范围的气动噪声,其随着...     

低速开式空腔自激反馈流场结构与流致噪声的风洞试验研究

本文主要针对低速开式空腔流动自激振荡产生噪声问题,在0.55 m×0.4 m航空声学风洞开展了不同低马赫数(0.1/0.15/0.2/0.25)条件下长深比为2的空腔腔内流场结构和噪声特性风洞试验研究。通过利用高频粒子图像测速技术捕捉腔内流场结构,分析了腔内声波传递路径;完成空腔远场噪声和壁面压力测试,分析了噪声自激振荡模态和简正波模态,并对空腔壁面脉动压力和远场噪声进行压/声相关性研究。结果表明:空腔内部除主涡外,在腔口前缘处剪切涡与腔口后缘处碰撞涡明显存在;在875 Hz,1288 Hz,1875 Hz,2050 Hz四个频率附近出现了由声腔共振所致的单频噪声;壁面压力与远场噪声密切相关,在壁面压力主频位置有明显单频噪声出现。      

凹腔非定常特性的数值模拟

采用基于Menter SST两方程湍流模型的DES方法,数值模拟开式凹腔在跨声速条件下的非定常流动特性.计算凹腔底部和后壁面上的点的声压级频谱以及总声压级,证明在第二噪声模态上的声压级最大.     

利用质量流注入的流激孔腔噪声共振峰抑制

通过数值仿真揭示了开口前缘垂直注入质量流和前壁面平行注入质量流抑制流激孔腔噪声的机制,研究了多参数影响下脉动压力峰值降噪量和总降噪量随质量流注入速度的变化规律。开口前缘垂直注入质量流通过抬升剪切层,避免漩涡冲击开口后缘,抑制流激孔腔噪声脉动压力峰值;在一定范围内质量流注入速度越大,脉动压力峰值降噪量越大,但是低频部分引起的抬升也会越高,导致总降噪量先增大后减小;经优化后的峰值降噪量和总降噪量分别可以达到15 dB和9.5 dB。开口前壁面平行注入质量流则是通过加强开口处剪切层的稳定性,避免发生漩涡脱落,达到抑制流激孔腔噪声的目的;当质量流入口面积大于孔腔开口前壁面积2/3时,不仅可以显著降低流激孔腔噪声脉动压力的峰值,并且可以很好地抑制其它频段噪声的抬升;质量流注入速度为来流速度的0.5倍时,脉动压力峰值降噪量和总降噪量分别可以达到18 dB和15.4 dB。     

Aeroacoustic sources of motorcycle helmet noise

The prevalence of noise in the riding of motorcycles has been a source of concern to both riders and researchers in recent times. Detailed flow field information will allow insight into the flow mechanisms responsible for the production of sound within motorcycle helmets. Flow field surveys of this nature are not found in the available literature which has tended to focus on sound pressure levels at ear as these are of interest for noise exposure legislation. A detailed flow survey of a commercial motorcycle helmet has been carried out in combination with surface pressure measurements and at ear acoustics. Three potential noise source regions are investigated, namely, the helmet wake, the surface boundary layer and the cavity under the helmet at the chin bar. Extensive information is provided on the structure of the helmet wake including its frequency content. While the wake and boundary layer flows showed negligible contributions to at-ear sound the cavity region around the chin bar was identified as a key noise source. The contribution of the cavity region was investigated as a function of flow speed and helmet angle both of which are shown to be key factors governing the sound produced by this region.     

浅海环境中矢量水听器角度谱特性

为探明远场舰船噪声和近场平台噪声声能流相互作用的机制对矢量水听器角度谱特性的影响,基于简正波矢量场理论,构建舰船平台噪声声场模型,获得与海上实验结果相符的声能流角度谱特性,声能流方向均随频率变化。对远场舰船噪声声能流和近场平台噪声声能流相互作用进行仿真,两者声能流强度的此消彼长使角度谱出现4种条纹,与海上实验获得的角度谱特性一致,导致目标方位估计出现误差,且不同频带上的结果不一致。说明两个声能流相互作用时,影响合成能流角度谱特性的主要因素是两者的声压级之差,为浅海中同时存在多个声源时的目标方位估计提供参考。      

Multi-mode sound transmission in ducts with flow

Exhaust mufflers, large exhaust stacks, and turbofan engines are common examples of ducted noise. The most useful measure of the sound produced by these noise sources is the sound power transmitted along the duct. When airflow is present, sound power flow can no longer be uniquely determined from the usual measurements of acoustic pressure and particle velocity.One approach to sound power determination from in-duct pressure measurement, and the one discussed in this paper, is to predict the relationship between the sound power and pressure based upon an assumed mode amplitude distribution. This paper investigates the relationship between acoustic pressure and power for a family of idealized source distributions of arbitrary temporal and spatial order. Incoherent monopole and dipole sources uniformly distributed over a duct cross-section can be obtained as special cases. This paper covers the sensitivity of the pressure-power relationship to source multipole order, frequency and, in particular, flow speed. It is shown that the introduction of flow in a hard-walled duct can have a substantial effect on the behavior of the pressure-power relationship for certain source distributions. Preliminary experimental results in a no-flow facility are presented in order to verify some of the main results.     

Investigation of cavitation noise using Eulerian-Lagrangian multiscale modeling

We have employed the large eddy simulation (LES) approach to investigate the cavitation noise characteristics of an unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA66 (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) hydrofoil by employing an Eulerian-Lagrangian based multiscale cavitation model. A volume of fluid (VOF) method simulates the large cavity, whereas a Lagrangian discrete bubble model (DBM) tracks the small bubbles. Meanwhile, noise is determined using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation (FW-H). Eulerian-Lagrangian analysis has shown that, in comparison to VOF, it is more effective in revealing microscopic characteristics of unsteady cavitating flows, including microscale bubbles, that are unresolvable around the cloud cavity, and their impact on the flow field. It is also evident that its evolution of cavitation features on the hydrofoil is more consistent with the experimental observations. The frequency of the maximum sound pressure level corresponds to the frequency of the main cavity shedding for the noise characteristics. Using the Eulerian-Lagrangian method to predict the noise signal, results show that the cavitation noise, generated by discrete bubbles due to their collapse, is mainly composed of high-frequency signals. In addition, the frequency of cavitation noise induced by discrete microbubbles is around 10 kHz. A typical characteristic of cavitation noise, including two intense pulses during the collapsing of the cloud cavity, is described, as well as the mechanisms that underlie these phenomena. The findings of this work provide for a fundamental understanding of cavitation and serve as a valuable reference for the design and intensification of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors.     

Experimental study for control of sound transmission through double glazed window using optimally tuned Helmholtz resonators

This paper presents an experimental investigation of passively control of sound transmission through a double glazed window by using arrangement of Helmholtz resonators (HRs), which are commonly used for narrow band control application. The laboratory experiments were performed placing the window between reverberation chamber and anechoic chamber. The window was subject to diffuse field, approximate normal wave and oblique wave acoustic excitations. Three sets of HRs were designed and installed in cavity of window. The sound control performances at far-field were measured. The control performances from varying the number of HRs, incident acoustic field, excitation sources (band-limited white noise and traffic noise examples) are presented and discussed in detail. It is shown that a considerable reduction of the transmitted sound pressure levels has been achieved around the mass–air–mass resonance frequency (50–120 Hz). The obtained reductions in the transmitted sound pressure illustrate the potentials of HRs for improving the sound insulation characteristics of double glazed window. The experimental results also indicate that only tuning the HRs to the mass–air–mass resonance frequency does not guarantee the best possible insulation of the sound transmission.