基于涡声理论的低速轴流风机气动噪声研究

采用PIV和CFD对不同安装角低速轴流风机流场进行对比研究,结合低速等熵流动的涡声理论分析风机内部流场与噪声辐射关联,在此基础上计算风机气动噪声.研究表明,低速等熵流动的气动噪声主要源于流场中涡系的拉伸与破裂.均匀进气情况下低速轴流风机的主要气动噪声源为叶片尾缘涡脱落噪声和叶尖涡噪声,其中前者强度明显大于后者.在此基础上,应用基于CFD的涡脱落噪声预测模型对风机气动噪声预测结果与实验吻合较好.     

矩形腔体流场模拟及噪声研究

用大涡模拟方法对低速湍流引起的矩形腔体内流动进行了模拟,并应用FW-H声学类比方程分析了由流动诱发的气动噪声.数值模拟观察到了涡结构的脱体及腔体内部的自激振荡过程,通过分析得出了由流动诱发噪声的声压-频率曲线.研究发现在流速30 m/s时,流动噪声声压级在60 dB以下,348.48 Hz及其高次谐波是噪声的主要来源,流场与声场表现出耦合关系,辐射声场具有明显的方向性.腔体噪声的风洞实验研究得到了与数值模拟吻合的结果.     

贯流风扇气动声场数值模拟及分析

针对贯流风扇气动噪声传播特性,采用基于非结构网格的CE/SE算法对其气动流场进行数值模拟,并模拟了气动噪声的传播.湍流模拟采用大涡模型,搭接式滑移网格模型处理动静干涉.噪声传播采用完全欧拉方程作为控制方程,远场采用无反射边界条件.将使用该方法得到的远场噪声频谱与实验数据进行对比分析,结果表明与实验测量得到宽带频谱不同,采用大涡模拟湍流模型进行声源模拟时,会加强部分离散频率上的声级,从而产生误差.     

襟翼侧缘噪声机理及修型降噪设计

襟翼侧缘噪声是飞机起降阶段机体噪声的重要噪声源。采用极大涡模拟对襟翼侧缘非定常流场进行数值模拟,分析其噪声产生机理.基于此,提出了两种襟翼侧缘修型方式,应用虚拟渗透面的Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H)声比拟方法将修型构型的远场噪声频谱特性和指向性与基准构型对比分析,研究其降噪效果。通过流场和声场的数值模拟表明,襟翼侧缘噪声属于宽频噪声。不同的襟翼侧缘形状改变了流场形态、侧缘涡结构以及涡系的发展过程,进而对声源分布和远场噪声特性产生影响。结果表明:在给定的5°计算迎角下,两种襟翼侧缘修型方式在保证增升装置的原有升阻气动特性的前提下,能达到减小全场总声压级1~2 dB的降噪效果。      

前置导叶对横流风机性能及气动噪声的影响

在横流风机叶轮前加前置导叶(IGV)可以改善横流风机的进口流场,减少叶片上的流动分离,进而降低横流风机的功率。采用非结构化网格RNGκ-ε两方程模型,分别对不加IGV、加IGV1,以及IGV2的横流风机内部流场进行数值模拟,并对三种情况进行气动性能及噪声试验。数值模拟和试验结果表明在加不同IGV以后,横流风机的噪声增大,但是功率在加IGV2后出现了一定的降低。     

汽车涡轮增压器同步谐波噪声仿真与优化*

针对增压发动机急加速急减速时产生的增压器同步谐波噪声问题,该文通过噪声仿真技术进行分析与优化。首先,分析该噪声的特征与传播路径;其次,建立流场仿真模型。利用剪切应力输运湍流模型与分离涡流模拟湍流模型对增压器进行稳态与非稳态瞬态流场分析,提取非稳态流场的叶轮与压气机流道表面的偶极子声源;最后,建立噪声传播模型,计算该增压器压气机的进气口声场分布。通过理论分析与试验相结合的方法,优化叶轮轮缘与压气机壳体的配合型线,将该增压器噪声的阶次峰值最大降低约15.3 dB(A),消除了同步谐波噪声,且对发动机性能几乎无影响。该噪声的解决方法可以为压气机气动噪声优化提供有价值的参考。     

使用多孔蜗舌的贯流风机

将贯流风机的蜗舌替代为多孔板与容腔组合的结构,定性地研究其控制气动噪声的可行性。通过对气动特性和辐射声信号的实验测量,结合内部流场的非稳态雷诺平均数值模拟,分析了这种蜗舌改造对贯流风机的整体特性和内部流动特征的影响,结果表明多孔蜗舌对贯流风机的压力-流量曲线作用并不明显,但对风机的噪声有着重要的影响,改变蜗舌迎风面的穿孔率可以有效地控制贯流风机的噪声。     

多翼离心风机气动噪声的数值分析

多翼离心风机叶片短、流道窄,叶轮出口流速分布不均,引起叶轮与蜗壳干涉作用加剧。本文探讨流场与声场非定常耦合机理,根据声类比理论分析其偶极子声源产生的气动噪声。利用直接边界元声学求解方法建立以蜗壳为界的内外声学模型,分析蜗壳对声传播的散射作用,内部噪声通过蜗壳的进出口传播到风机外部。结果表明:从监测点声压级频谱及A计权声压级分布观察,声压级分布在低频段呈宽频分布,在基频与其倍频处出现波峰并呈逐渐衰减趋势,说明该多翼离心风机气动噪声受叶片周期性旋转压力脉动影响较大。对比噪声测试结果,相对误差为2%以内,分析计算与试验相符。     

电动水上飞机低噪声螺旋桨翼型优化

为降低翼型的气动噪声,以某型电动水上飞机螺旋桨所使用的RAF-6翼型为研究对象,首先通过CFD/FW-H方法计算得到翼型的升、阻力系数以及气动噪声;其次使用型函数线性叠加描述翼型的几何形状;进而,为使翼型获得设计状态下较好的声学与气动性能,由翼型的气动噪声与升阻比构成优化目标,以型函数系数为变量,以保证翼型升、阻力系数变化不超过10%为约束,使用引入响应面模型的遗传算法对翼型进行降噪优化。通过优化翼型与基准翼型的对比可知,设计状态的优化翼型气动噪声声压级降低了2.17 dB,升阻比提高1.12%,且优化翼型在小攻角状态下具有较为优异的声学与气动性能。优化结果表明,该优化方法具有一定应用价值,可为螺旋桨噪声控制研究提供参考。     

快速随机粒子网格法的气动噪声预测方法

耦合随机湍流速度生成模型与线化欧拉方程技术,形成了一套具备模拟噪声在非均匀流场中传播能力的气动噪声混合预测方法。该混合方法的随机湍流速度生成模型采用了快速随机粒子网格法,为声传播模拟提供了可靠的源项。而噪声的传播计算选用线化欧拉方程,其空间离散采用9点5阶的色散保持关系格式,时间推进选用了高精度大时间步长的6级4阶龙格库塔格式,远场边界应用了无分裂形式的理想匹配层边界条件。首先,选用高斯脉冲传播算例对线化欧拉方程的时空离散格式、远场无反射边界条件进行了验证分析。然后,计算分析各向同性湍流的空间相关性验证湍流速度生成模型的可靠性。最后,基于已搭建的气动噪声混合预测方法进行了30P30N三段翼缝翼噪声的计算分析。计算分析可知:监测点处功率谱密度曲线、噪声指向性等计算结果与参考文献结果取得了较好的一致性。数值计算结果表明所建立的气动噪声混合预测方法能有效预测二维复杂构型的气动噪声问题。      

开孔结构流致噪声的数值模拟和机理分析

飞机机体表面的开孔设计会形成空腔结构,产生空腔流致噪声。空腔噪声的控制需要彻底认识其流动和噪声机理。以飞机的功能性开孔为例,通过半经验公式分析了其空腔噪声频率随速度的变化规律,预测了出现流声共振的工况。空腔发生流声共振时,特定频率的纯音噪声会被放大。为此,采用脱体涡模拟方法开展了开孔结构流声共振的三维非定常数值计算,分析了其流场和声场特性。其中,数值方法的准确性通过圆形空腔标模计算进行验证。结果表明,在一定速度下剪切层内的扰动将诱发空腔深度方向声模态,出现流声共振现象。此时,剪切层表现为强烈的周期性上下拍动,空腔底部和后缘区域的局部压力脉动幅值较大,声波主要由空腔后缘向上游方向辐射,上游噪声大于下游。     

Time-delayed phase-control for suppression of the flow-induced noise from an open cavity

A flow over an open cavity causes a cavity resonance, which is a feedback mechanism between the acoustic waves and the pressure fluctuation of the cavity flow. Previous research on the reduction of the cavity resonance has focused on suppressing the flow disturbance. This paper presents a time-delayed phase-control method to reduce the global noise of the cavity. Acoustic feedback of the cavity noise, which amplifies the flow disturbance, can be generally reduced by this control method, regardless of the flow physics. The positions of the sensors and the actuator are determined to increase the control efficiency. Experiments show that this control method reduces the peak of the flow oscillation by suppressing the acoustic feedback.     

利用共振无源腔分析和抑制飞秒脉冲激光噪声的理论和实验研究

理论分析了共振无源腔对飞秒脉冲激光的强度和相位噪声的转化模型,分析表明,通过测量无源腔透射场或者反射场相对于输入场强度噪声的变化,可以间接得到输入场飞秒脉冲激光的相位噪声.在此基础上设计了精细度约为1500、自由光谱区为75 MHz的八镜环形共振无源腔,并测量了钛宝石锁模激光经过该共振无源腔后透射场和反射场强度噪声的变化.实验观察到,飞秒脉冲激光经过无源腔透射后,强度噪声特性得到较好改善,在探测频率2 MHz附近达到散粒噪声极限.同时,结合共振无源腔对激光强度和相位噪声的转化模型,间接给出了钛宝石锁模激光的相位噪声及无源腔对相位噪声的有效抑制作用.     

抑制风噪装置的实验

本文基于风噪原理提出了一种抗风噪结构设计,来抑制传声器拾取风噪。该设计由渐变管道和填充泡棉的腔体两部分组成。渐变管道用来降低气流流速,填充泡棉的腔体用来充当声屏障。COMSOL有限元仿真验证了渐变管道降低流速的能力,风噪实验证明了该设计能有效地抑制风噪。讨论了关键因素对该结构抗风噪能力的影响：大的腔体,小的渐变管道等效直径和高的泡棉密度,都有利于抗风噪效果。最后,基于声传输线和等效电路理论,建立了声波经过该抗风噪结构的传递损失模型。基于该模型和高频不失真条件,提出了抗风噪结构的尺寸设计指标。     

Numerical analysis and passive control of a car side window buffeting noise based on Scale-Adaptive Simulation

Flow over an open side window in a car exhibits similar characteristics as the flow over an open cavity. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation over a cavity was done as a benchmark. The unsteady flow simulation was carried out using Scale Adaptive Simulation (SAS) turbulence model. The benchmark results, frequency and sound pressure levels of feedback and resonance modes, all well matched with the experimental data. Then, with the right rear window, for example, the mechanism of the side window buffeting was investigated. The simulation results show that side window buffeting noise is generated by large scale vortices and in low frequency. Furthermore, buffeting noise characteristics under several patterns of side windows opening were also numerically investigated. As a result, rear window buffeting noise is more severe than that of front window when one window open, and combination pattern of side windows open can reduce buffeting noise. To decrease the interior noise and improve car ride comfort, four suppression measures through adding a side window weather deflector at the A-pillars, constructing a cavity at the B-pillars, combination of the front and rear windows and installing a row of square cylinder deflector at the B-pillars were also studied, respectively. In conclusion, certain noise reduction can be achieved through four passive control methods.     

The power spectrum and correlation of flow noise for an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body is important for improving the performance of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform. Analytical calculation and numerical analysis of the physical features of the flow noise for an axisymmetric body are presented and a simulation scheme for the noise correlation on the hydrophones is given. It is shown that the numerical values of the flow noise coincide well with the analytical values. The main physical features of flow noise are obtained. The flow noises of two different models are compared and a model with a rather optimal fore-body shape is given. The flow noise in horizontal symmetry profile of the axisymmetric body is non-uniform, but it is omni-directional and has little difference in the cross section of the body. The loss of noise diffraction has a great effect on the flow noise from boundary layer transition. Meanwhile, based on the simulation, the noise power level increases with velocity to approximately the fifth power at high frequencies, which is consistent with the experiment data reported in the literature. Furthermore, the flow noise received by the acoustic array has lower correlation at a designed central frequency, which is important for sonar system design.     

水下流激孔腔噪声前馈有源控制实验研究

水流流经腔体时引起的自激振荡会形成流激噪声,该文通过仿真和实验研究了水下流激孔腔噪声的主动声场控制。应用有源前馈控制方法,对比了参考信号的选取以及控制器中增加的泄露因子对控制结果的影响,并在水循环管路中对流激孔腔噪声前馈控制效果进行了实验验证。研究结果表明,前馈有源噪声控制方法可有效抑制水下流激孔腔噪声,在误差点和辅助观测点都取得了良好的降噪效果,最大降噪量大于8 dB,并且使用腔内信号作为参考的控制效果优于上游信号作为参考。     

某MPV前门区域风噪啸叫与密封优化分析

为解决某MPV前门区域发生“呜呜”风噪啸叫问题,路试验证密封条、车门、A柱区域密封系统以及采用格子波尔兹曼（LBM）方法模拟风洞仿真分析A柱、侧窗区域流场。结果表明车门侧密封条和A柱钣金空腔的气流从密封条唇边泄露,与A柱区域的涡流形成耦合振动,产生啸叫。啸叫问题与车门侧密封条、车门以及A柱造型有关。更改车门侧密封条外唇边根部材料提高压缩负荷,并在与A柱接角处增加两个凸筋,进一步试验验证,啸叫消失,问题得到解决。     

Stationary State Entanglement of Two Atoms Inside an Optical Cavity under Noise

In this paper, the entanglement properties of a system of two atoms inside an optical cavity in a stochastic interaction with field are studied by the Jaynes-Cummings Model. The phase telegraph noise is considered as a noise term and an exact solution to the model is obtained. The solution reveals the resulting decoherence effects of the noise on the entanglement properties of the system. It shows that under the noise the individual atoms do not entangle with the cavity field. However, a strong atom-atom entanglement is observed in a stationary state. It is seen that a relatively strong noise is cooperative in the construction of the steady state atom-atom entanglement.