姜黄素对重离子辐射损伤小鼠睾丸组织的防护作用研究

探讨姜黄素(Curcumin,简称Cur)对重离子辐射损伤小鼠睾丸组织的防护作用。小鼠灌胃不同剂量的Cur后给予4 Gy剂量~(12)C~(6+)离子束全身单次照射。24 h后对小鼠睾丸组织形态学变化进行观察,并测定丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示:中、高浓度Cur预处理组对小鼠睾丸组织的形态具有较好的保护作用;低、中浓度Cur预处理组MDA含量显著降低(P0.05);与单纯照射组相比,低浓度Cur预处理组SOD活性水平和中浓度Cur预处理组CA了活性水平显著提高(P0.05)。结果表明:Cur对重离子全身辐射小鼠的抗氧化系统有一定的激活效应,对辐射损伤有一定的防护作用,其机制可能与Cur清除自由基,保护脂质和蛋白质有关。     

同步荧光光谱法研究肿瘤芳香族氨基酸残基含量的变化

用同步荧光光谱法评估原发性肝细胞癌患者血浆、肝癌荷瘤小鼠以及培养细胞(HepG2和HL-7702)中酪氨酸(Tyr)和色氨酸(Trp)残基水平变化。固定发射波长λ_em和激发波长λ_ex之间的波长差Δλ分别为20和60 nm,激发和发射单色器同时进行扫描,确定350 nm为Trp的同步特征发射峰位置,318 nm为Tyr的同步特征发射峰位置。结果表明,肝癌患者及荷瘤小鼠血浆蛋白质所含Tyr和Trp残基的荧光强度明显增加。相反,肝癌细胞或荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织中Tyr和Trp残基荧光强度却随生长时间增长而减少。进一步实验表明,具有抗癌活性的苦参碱处理癌细胞后,细胞Tyr和Trp残基的荧光强度升高。这些结果表明,Tyr和Trp残基的变化可能参与了肿瘤的发生发展。     

多肽(GPG)体内抗肿瘤活性的荧光光谱分析

拟设计在体内低毒、靶向肿瘤细胞的抗癌多肽(记:GPG),克服在抗癌治疗中使用化学类药物存在的缺点,探讨用荧光光谱评价靶向肽对肿瘤肿块包覆状况的方法;进行仅用一组基于双报告基团的小鼠模型(用EGFP转染的鼠肝肿瘤细胞H_(22),记:H_(22)-EGFP与荧光染料Cy7标记的GPG,记:Cy7-GPG,作报告基团),就能完成抗癌肽体内主要性能监测的研究。用H_(22)-EGFP构建小鼠移植瘤模型,尾静脉注射Cy7-GPG后,用成像仪(Ex=750 nm)观察到肿瘤的荧光光子数不断增大,从第4 h的(3.90±0.260)×10~6 photons·(s·cm~2)~(-1)(单位下同)升至第24 h的(1.28±0.330)×10~8,橙色荧光全部聚集到肿瘤上,而对照组中Cy7的荧光没有聚集在肿瘤上,且肿瘤上光子数也无明显变化;此时,用成像仪在实验组同一只鼠上,分别用750和488 nm激发波长录得包覆状物和实际肿瘤肿块的图片,表明它们的大小和形状一致;以上两项测定后,再每2 d一次往上述实验组鼠体内注射GPG,在成像仪上(Ex=488 nm)监测到它们的肿瘤变小,荧光光子数逐渐降低,从第2 d的(4.15±0.291)×10~6降至第56 d的(4.75±0.283)×10~4,空白对照组正相反。GPG与化学药物环磷酰胺抗癌活性相当,但后者对小鼠毒副作用严重;最后,往上述GPG药效实验组鼠体内注射Cy7-GPG, 48 h后处死小鼠,取出内脏器官及肿瘤肿块,在成像仪上(Ex=750 nm)录得它们的荧光光子数。实验表明GPG靶向性强、对肿瘤肿块包覆程度高、药效强,对其他主要脏器无毒副作用。本文构建的基于双报告基团荧光成像模型,可监测靶标被包覆状况,克服了传统只能对靶向肽靶向功能进行评价的弊端,增进对药物作用机理的认识;本文仅消耗一组实验鼠模型,节约实验成本、简捷地监测了靶向肽主要性能,表明GPG在体内性能较好,具有应用价值。     

MRI评价药物投递性能方法研究

采用MRI评价自制肝组织特异性非离子型高分子磁共振造影剂在小鼠体内药物投递效果. 分别在注射造影剂后0.1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h及7天采集磁共振T₁加权图像. 所有扫描均在1.5T临床磁共振成像仪上完成, 以固定体线圈为射频发射线圈, 三英寸圆形表面线圈为信号接收线圈. 数据分析前采用线圈非均匀性校正和信号非稳定性校正进行预处理. 实验结果显示,线圈空间敏感性校正使得小鼠组织图像信号强度空间更加均匀,稳定性校正后使得图像数据更加准确可靠,MRI是一种在体评价顺磁性标记高分子化合物药物投递效果的有效方法.     

微波消解-氢化物-ICP-AES联用技术研究Se(Ⅳ)在小鼠衰者模型体内的生物代谢

硒作为人和动物体内必需的微量元素,其在生命代谢过程中的特殊作用日益受到广泛关注。本文以D半乳糖作用下人工训练的小鼠衰老模型为实验对象,经腹腔注射不同剂量的亚硒酸钠(Na_2SeO_3)水溶液后,应用微波消解-氢化物发生-ICP-AES联用技术分析Se(Ⅳ)在相应小鼠体内血浆、肝脏、脑等重要生命器官中的代谢分布,并同未注射Se(Ⅳ)的衰老模型组及对照组进行比较,同时结合小鼠相应生命组织内的主要含硒酶(GSH-Px)的活性指标进一步讨论了硒在哺乳动物体中的抗衰老作用。     

在体监测吲哚氰绿在肿瘤中引起的X射线衰减

介绍了在体观测肿瘤内注射吲哚氰绿 (ICG) ,一种激光吸收染剂前后X射线衰减的实验结果。实验采用已种植两周的骨髓瘤细胞 (SP2 / 0 ) ,质量为 15～ 2 0g的BALB/c小鼠作为动物模型 ,采用数字X射线成像系统作为监测药物在肿瘤内扩散的机制。系统工作在 33kVp ,0 .3mA下 ,曝光时间 4s,采用 1.5×放大倍率。实验研究的是通过灰度值反应出不同区域的X射线衰减 ,和周围正常组织和图像中没有物体的背景区域相比较 ,注射ICG前后肿瘤内的灰度值发生了明显的变化。实验证明 ,使用数字X射线成像系统能够动态、有效、非侵入地监测ICG在肿瘤组织内的扩散 ,从而达到优化治疗结果的作用。     

微环境促进的侵袭性肿瘤生长的元胞自动机模拟

肿瘤的侵袭和转移行为, 常常是导致病人的死亡的原因. 而人们对这些由复杂的肿瘤宿主以及肿瘤细胞与细胞之间相互作用而产生的群体性行为知之甚少. 对这一过程了解的加深, 需要多学科间的合作. 在本篇文章中, 作者将简要回顾肿瘤物理领域的一种新手段, 即近年来由作者参与的通过元胞自动机(CA)模型来研究微环境促进的实体瘤侵袭性生长的研究, 该模型整合了一系列微观的肿瘤宿主相互作用, 包含了肿瘤细胞对细胞外基质的降解, 肿瘤细胞趋向养分的迁移, 肿瘤生长导致的局部组织压力累积以及该压力对局部的肿瘤宿主界面稳定性的影响, 并且, 肿瘤生长时细胞间的粘连也被明确地考虑进来. 该元胞自动机模型能成功地重现出一系列的标志性的肿瘤侵袭行为, 这有力地表明出该模型的有效性和预测能力. 这一模型, 如果能与临床数据结合, 理论上能够拓展从医学数据中得到的现有结论, 帮助设计新的实验, 检验假说, 并且在实验难以检测到的情形下, 预测肿瘤的行为, 协助癌症的早期诊断和预后, 并针对不同病人, 提出最优的个体化医疗方案.     

叶酸偶联磁性白蛋白纳米球的体内外靶向性评价

该文从体内外水平,探讨叶酸偶联磁性白蛋白纳米球对人鼻咽癌细胞KB的靶向效应. 体外实验中,将叶酸靶向、非叶酸靶向和叶酸抑制组与人鼻咽癌细胞KB共孵育24 h后,通过普鲁士蓝染色、7.0 Tesla Micro-MR仪检测叶酸受体介导的靶向效应;体内试验中,首先建立裸鼠荷人鼻咽癌细胞KB皮下移植瘤动物模型,再通过MRI检测及病理组织学检查,评价叶酸偶联磁性白蛋白纳米球的靶向性. 体外MRI成像显示叶酸靶向组与人鼻咽癌细胞KB共孵育后T₂WI信号强度降低,普鲁士蓝染色则显示靶向组细胞内存在大量铁颗粒;在体MRI成像结果显示,注射材料后不同时间点叶酸靶向组的T₂WI、T*₂-WI强度有明显下降,具有统计学差异. 病理学检查显示叶酸靶向组肿瘤组织内有较多蓝染的铁颗粒,而非靶向组和叶酸抑制组则未见铁颗粒的存在. 体内外实验均表明叶酸偶联磁性白蛋白纳米球对人鼻咽癌细胞KB具有良好的靶向性.     

Xe8+离子双电子复合速率系数的理论研究

利用基于全相对论组态相互作用理论的FAC程序包, 详细研究了温度在0.1~1650 eV范围内Xe8+离子的双电子复合(DR)过程。 通过比较4s, 4p和4d壳层电子激发的双电子复合速率系数, 发现温度在10 eV以上时, 内壳层4p电子激发的双电子复合速率数对总双电子复合速率系数有很重要的贡献, 而4s电子激发对总双电子复合速率数贡献小于7.5%。 给出了△n=0, 1和2 三类芯激发对总双电子复合速率系数的贡献以及自由电子俘获到不同主量子数的双电子复合速率系数, 发现△n=2的芯激发和n′＞15的DR速率系数对总DR速率系数的贡献也很重要。 进一步给出了△n=0, 1和2 三类芯激发和总DR速率系数的拟合参数, 拟合结果和计算值符合, 偏差小于1%。 通过对双电子复合、 辐射复合以及三体复合速率系数的比较得知, 在温度高于1 eV时, DR过程是Xe8+离子的主要复合过程。Based on the fully relativistic configuration interaction method, theoretical calculations are carried out for the dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients of Xe8+ ions in the temperature region from 0.1 to 1 650 eV. The comparison of the DR rate coefficients from 4s, 4p and 4d subshell excitations shows that 4d subshell excitation dominates in the whole temperature region. The contribution from 4p subshell excitation is very important at temperature above 10 eV and the contributions from 4s subshell excitation is lower than 7.5% in the whole temperature region. Similarly, the comparison of the DR rate coefficients through △n=0, 1 and 2 core excitation shows that the contribution from △n=2 core excitation can not be neglected, the contributions from n′＞15 can also not be neglected. The DR rate coefficients of △n=0, 1 and 2 core excitation and the total DR rate coefficients are fitted with some parameters, which are in good agreement with theoretical calculations values (within 1% difference). The total DR rate coefficients are greater than radiative recombination (RR) and three body recombination (TBR) rate coefficients at temperature above 1 eV. Therefore, the DR process can strongly influence the ionization balance of laser produced xenon plasmas.     

硒对钝顶螺旋藻氧化损伤的拮抗作用的光谱学特性及机制

研究了亚硒酸钠预处理对H2O2氧化胁迫下钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)的生长、藻丝体形态、谱学特性以及细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平的影响,探究硒拮抗氧化胁迫保护螺旋藻的机制。结果显示,H2O2氧化胁迫明显抑制螺旋藻的生长,藻丝体严重受损,可见光吸收440nm峰增强,620和680nm峰降低;荧光发射和激发光谱特征峰强度明显降低,藻胆蛋白特征发射峰由660nm蓝移至650nm;红外光谱透射峰没有发生位移,蛋白质和多肽的特征谱带酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带相对强度降低;细胞内ROS相对含量显著性升高。硒预处理24h呈剂量效应地减轻由H2O2胁迫引起的氧化损伤,有效地抑制胞内ROS的过度累积,提高螺旋藻的抗氧化能力,缓解了氧化胁迫对光能捕获和传递等重要生理功能的影响。     

Radionuclide 188Re-Loaded Photothermal Hydrogel for Cancer Theranostics

Herein, an injectable photothermal hydrogel system containing a therapeutic radionuclide ¹⁸⁸Re is studied for combined radioisotope therapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. A dopamine-conjugated poly(α,β-aspartic acid) copolymer (PDAEA) is used to trigger a sol–gel phase transition in mixture with Fe³⁺ ions, rapidly forming a gel by simply mixing PDAEA and FeCl₃ phosphate buffer saline solutions. The injectable hydrogel exhibits strong near-infrared light absorbance and can efficiently convert light into a heating effect for local PTT treatment. The obtained hydrogel possesses a porous 3D microstructure, and can be utilized for radionuclide loading. After the Na¹⁸⁸ReO₄ loading, the hydrogel is intratumorally injected into the tumor of mice bearing 4T1 murine breast cancer cells for studying the tumor retention and therapeutic efficiency. In vivo results show that Na¹⁸⁸ReO₄-loaded hydrogel exhibits significantly longer time in the tumor sites than that of free Na¹⁸⁸ReO₄. The tumor growth of mice treated with Na¹⁸⁸ReO₄-loaded hydrogel under near-infrared radiation is significantly inhibited compared with control groups. Therefore, the results show that the developed strategy using an injectable and biocompatible hydrogel may promote the applications of radioisotope therapy and photothermal therapy for cancer.     

Thermal apoptosis analysis considering injection behavior optimization and mass diffusion during magnetic hyperthermia

Thermally induced apoptosis for tumors depends mainly on the intrinsic characteristics of biological tissues as well as treatment temperature profile during magnetic hyperthermia.Further,treatment temperature distribution inside tumor depends on the injection behavior of irregular tumors,such as the injection dose and the injection location of nanofluids.In order to improve the treatment effect,the simulated annealing algorithm is adopted in this work to optimize the nanofluid injection behavior,and the improved Arrhenius model is used to evaluate the malignant ablations for three typical malignant tumor cell models.In addition,both the injection behavior optimization and the mass diffusion of nanofluid are both taken into consideration in order to improve the treatment effect.The simulation results demonstrate that the injection behavior can be optimized effectively by the proposed optimization method before therapy,the result of which can also conduce to improving the thermal apoptosis possibility for proposed typical malignant cells.Furthermore,an effective approach is also employed by considering longer diffusion duration and correct power dissipation at the same time.The results show that a better result can then be obtained than those in other cases when the power dissipation of MNPs is set to be QMNP=5.4×10⁷W·m³ and the diffusion time is 16 h.     

Influence of the rhenium carrier in eluate of Re-188 on its binding with potassium-sodium salt of hydroxyethylidene biphosphonic acid

The results of investigation of the regularity of ¹⁸⁸Re binding with KNaHEDP and hydrolysis of the complex compound (¹⁸⁸Re-KNaHEDP) have shown that its quality depends to a considerable extent on the reaction conditions. Concentrations of a reducing agent (Sn²⁺) and stable rhenium in the ¹⁸⁸Re eluate, as the carrier, influence essentially the rate of formation and stability of ¹⁸⁸Re complex with KNaHEDP. The results of the kinetic investigations of the ¹⁸⁸Re-KNaHEDP complex formation prove that the reaction character bears a direct relationship to the concentrations of the complexing agent (Re) and the reducer (Sn²⁺). The higher ratio of Re⁷⁺: Sn²⁺ concentrations, the more effectively ¹⁸⁸Re binds with KNaHEDP. The obtained results prove that for ¹⁸⁸Re binding with KNaHEDP with the efficiency not less than 95% the optimum concentration of stable rhenium in the reaction mixture is 0.54×10⁻⁶ mol·ml⁻¹ (0.1 mgMml⁻¹) and the ratio of Re⁷⁺: Sn²⁺ concentrations should not be lower than 10: 1.     

Specific energy from Auger and conversion electrons of 131I, 188Re-anti-CD20 to a lymphocyte's nucleus

The typical radionuclides used to label anti-CD20 in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are ⁹⁰Y, ¹³¹I, and ¹⁸⁸Re, with the emission of beta particles, Auger electrons, and conversion electrons for the latter two. The aim of the present work was to calculate the contribution of high linear energy transfer radiation as Auger electrons (AE) and conversion electrons (CE) of ¹³¹I and ¹⁸⁸Re-anti-CD20 to mean specific energy into the cell nucleus by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), so as to infer therapeutic effectiveness on a dosimetric basis. MCS was used to quantify the frequency–mean specific energy into the cell nucleus, where the cell was modeled by two concentric spheres, considering two cell models. The results showed that 10% and 33% of the mean-specific energies (z¯) per disintegration imparted to the cell nucleus for both geometries are due to AE and CE; on the other hand, if the hit of AE and CE occurs, the contribution to (z¯) is about 64% and 86% for ¹³¹I and ¹⁸⁸Re, respectively. According to the amount of specific energy from AE and CE into the cell nucleus by positive event, they can cause catastrophic effects in the nuclear DNA in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with ¹³¹I, ¹⁸⁸Re-anti-CD20.     

Ultrasound exposure in the presence of hematoporphyrin induced loss of membrane integral proteins and inactivity of cell proliferation associated enzymes in sarcoma 180 cells in vitro

Ultrasonically induced effects of hematoporphyrin (HPD) on cell damage and membrane protein alteration of S180 isolated tumor cells in vitro were investigated, and the potential mechanisms of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) inhibiting tumor growth were discussed. Tumor cells suspended in air-saturated PBS (pH 7.2) were exposed to ultrasound at 1.8 MHz for up to 180 s in the presence and absence of HPD. The viability of cells was determined by a trypan blue exclusion test. To estimate the damage effects of SDT on plasma membrane of tumor cells primarily, membrane integral proteins (EGFR, Ras, Fas, FasL) and cell proliferation associated enzymes (adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase) were checked with immunochemical methods. The results indicated that the intensity threshold for ultrasonically induced cell damage at 1.8 MHz was 3 W/cm². At this condition, the expression of the integral proteins was obviously inhibited and the activity of the enzymes was decreased post ultrasound treatment in the presence of 20 μg/ml HPD. Loss of the membrane proteins and inactivity of AC and GC post SDT was time-dependent. This paper reveals SDT can cause the loss of tumor cell membrane integral proteins and inactivity of the enzymes associated with cell proliferation which might be attributed to a sonochemical activation mechanism. The mechanisms by that tumor growth is inhibited by SDT can be understood as that the growth signaling pathway is partially interdicted and the resistance of tumor cells to the specifically activated immune cells is weakened.     

Targeted sonodynamic therapy using protein-modified TiO2 nanoparticles

Our previous study suggested new sonodynamic therapy for cancer cells based on the delivery of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with a protein specifically recognizing target cells and subsequent generation of hydroxyl radicals from TiO₂ NPs activated by external ultrasound irradiation (called TiO₂/US treatment). The present study first examined the uptake behavior of TiO₂ NPs modified with pre-S1/S2 (model protein-recognizing hepatocytes) by HepG2 cells for 24 h. It took 6 h for sufficient uptake of the TiO₂ NPs by the cells. Next, the effect of the TiO₂/US treatment on HepG2 cell growth was examined for 96 h after the 1 MHz ultrasound was irradiated (0.1 W/cm², 30 s) to the cells which incorporated the TiO₂ NPs. Apoptosis was observed at 6 h after the TiO₂/US treatment. Although no apparent cell-injury was observed until 24 h after the treatment, the viable cell concentration had deteriorated to 46% of the control at 96 h. Finally, the TiO₂/US treatment was applied to a mouse xenograft model. The pre-S1/S2-immobilized TiO₂ (0.1 mg) was directly injected into tumors, followed by 1 MHz ultrasound irradiation at 1.0 W/cm² for 60 s. As a result of the treatment repeated five times within 13 days, tumor growth could be hampered up to 28 days compared with the control conditions.     

Comparative Studies on the Development of a 188W-188Re Generator

A comparative study on the sorption behaviour of tungsten and rhenium between anion exchange resin, charcoal and alumina and aqueous media of HNO₃, HCl and NaCl were carried out. The equilibrium distribution coefficient obtained for the different systems were evaluated and discussed in terms of the separation factor between W and Re. It is found that the systems based on alumina and HCl or NaCl are the most promising systems to be used for development of ¹⁸⁸W-¹⁸⁸Re generator. The capacity of a chromatographic column loaded with alumina for ¹⁸⁸W from 0.01 M HCl, 0.7% NaCl and 1.2% NaCl was found to equals 75.3, 91.0 and 126.0 mg/cm, respectively. A recommended procedure was adopted for ¹⁸⁸W-¹⁸⁸Re generator.

Es wurde eine Vergleichsuntersuchung zum Sorptionsverhalten von W und Re zwischen einem Anionenaustauscherharz einer Aktivkohle und einer Tonerde und den wüβirigen Lösungen von HN0₃, HCl and NaCl ausgeführt. Die Gleichgeiwichlsverteilungskoeffizienten der unterschiedlichen Systeme wurden bestimmt und als Trennfaktoren zwischen W und Re diskutiert. Es wurde gefunden, daβ sich das System Tonerde/HCl oder NaCl sehr als Trennsystem für die Entuwicklung eines ¹⁸⁸W¹⁸⁸Re-Generators eignet. Die Kapazitäten einer mit Tonerde gefüllten Säule für ¹⁸⁸W mit 0.01 M HCl, 0.7% NaCl und 1.2% NaCl betrugen entsprechend 75.3, 90.0 und 126.0 mg/cm. Es wird eine geeignete Trennmethode für einen ¹⁸⁸.¹⁸⁸ Re-Generator empfohlen.     

Studies of pathology and VEGF expression in rabbit cerebrospinal fluid metastasis: application of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

Objective

The objective was to analyze the correlation of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression and to assess the potential application of DCE-MRI to the rabbit cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metastasis model.

Methods

Thirty New Zealand rabbits were divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, VX2 tumor cells were injected into the subarachnoid space at the plane of cisterna magna in 24 rabbits. In the control group, physiological saline was injected into the subarachnoid space at the plane of cisterna magna in six rabbits. DCE-MRI was performed at multiple time points, and several pharmacokinetic parameters, including K^trans, K_ep and V_e, were calculated. Also, VEGF levels in plasma and CSF were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay prior to DCE-MRI examination. After DCE-MRI examination, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the corresponding tumor specimens were harvested. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and VEGF immunohistochemical staining were carried out, and VEGF expression in the specimens was evaluated by the immunohistochemical scoring system.

Results

Vascular endothelial growth factor positive staining was localized in the cytoplasm and cell membranes of tumor cells, as well as in a subset of epithelial cells. Both VEGF immunohistochemical scores and VEGF expression in CSF and plasma exhibited positive correlations with K^trans and K_ep values as demonstrated by rank correlation statistical analysis.

Conclusions

Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in plasma and CSF in the CSF metastasis model was higher than in normal tissues. Therefore, DCE-MRI reliably indicated VEGF expression in the rabbit CSF metastasis model.     

Effect of the External Mirror Feedback Strength in the Dynamics and Spectrum of the Injected Semiconductor Lasers

We analytically investigate the effect of an external mirror on the stability of an injected semiconductor laser, the latter treated as injected damped oscillators. In the studied configuration, the injected semiconductor laser with an external mirror is under the influence of a chaotic oscillating optical signal that is generated by a similar semiconductor master laser. We derive our results in terms of the damping rate and resonance frequency. We show that the external mirror can eliminate the unstable modes of the injected laser at low frequencies. Furthermore, the mirror can enhance the damping of the oscillation modes of the injected semiconductor laser; consequently, the driven response of the injected laser may have a broad spectrum, even wider than that of the chaotic driving signal. We also show results for the bandwidths of the injection amplitude and phase increment as functions of the injection rate and feedback strength of the external mirror. In addition, we use bifurcation and time-series curves to describe the dynamical behavior of the injected laser. We identify the feedback strength of injected laser, relative to that of the master laser, which induces synchronization between the injected-laser oscillation modes and the master laser.     

Synthesis of polyacrylamide modified magnetic nanoparticles and radiolabeling with 188Re for magnetically targeted radiotherapy

Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized, modified with polyacrylamide, and then characterized by TEM, FTIR, VSM and PCS. Rhenium-188 (¹⁸⁸Re) was bound to the nanoparticles by imidazolyl groups of histidine immobilized on the surface. The labeling yield was about 90% with good in vitro stability. Such nanoparticles might be useful for magnetically targeted radiotherapy.