高精度全景补偿电子稳像

针对摄像机拍摄目标过程中自身的随机抖动造成的视频序列不稳定,以及稳像补偿过程中边缘信息的丢失,提出了基于SURF（Speed-up Robust Feature）算法的全景电子稳像方法。首先,运用SURF算法提取当前帧图像和参考帧图像的兴趣点,将两幅图像的兴趣点进行匹配,建立两帧的对应关系。针对兴趣点数目较少及场景中部分区域特征相似的情况,引入了兴趣点位移一致性抑制策略,改进了RANSAC（RANdom SAmple Consensus）误匹配的剔除算法,使得运动矢量的精确度小于1 pixel。然后,判定参考帧的更新策略,获取平滑的运动变量。最后,进行运动补偿,运用图像镶嵌技术对丢失的边缘区域信息进行全景补偿,得到了高精度的全景稳像结果,实验得到的输出视频峰值信噪比（PSNR）提高了33.1%。     

一种基于灰度投影算法的电子稳像方法

针对图像序列的抖动,研究了摄像机的抖动和正常扫描这两种运动的特点,提出了一种带运动修正的投影稳像算法PMCA.该算法首先利用灰度投影算法求出原始序列运动矢量,然后采用平均值滤波对这些运动矢量进行了处理,为了防止由前一稳定帧补偿带来的错误传播,又做了运动修正,使用原始帧代替稳定帧作为待补偿帧.实验结果表明PMCA算法可以明显减轻序列抖动现象,而且能实时跟随真实扫描场景.     

非制冷红外焦平面无效像元识别与实时补偿

非制冷红外焦平面阵列(UFPA)不可避免地存在无效像元, 这对UFPA的成像效果造成了极坏的影响。为解决这一问题, 在分析并总结各种非制冷红外焦平面无效像元识别算法优缺点的基础上, 提出一种新的无效像元识别与实时补偿方法。根据像元响应特性, 采用循环迭代法以搜索最优的无效像元判别阈值, 并据此标识出无效像元的位置。在硬件实现阶段, 对于M×N的UFPA器件, 在任意采样时刻, 利用移位寄存器保存当前采样点之前的M个响应值, 使其输出可实时更新为与采样点同列的上一个数据; 同时, 利用一般的寄存器实时保存与采样点同行的前一个数据, 采用同帧行列间内插法实现无效像元的实时补偿。该算法有效地解决了无效像元识别阈值选取困难及不易实时补偿的问题。针对320×240的UFPA器件, 该算法在基于FPGA的红外图像处理系统上得以实时实现, 成功地消除了无效像元对UFPA成像效果的影响。     

多模自适应电子稳像算法研究

电子稳像算法的主要目的是解决摄像机随机运动导致的图像序列的帧间抖动问题。根据摄像机成像模型,推导了摄像机平移振动和旋转运动对图像运动的影响,阐明了电子稳像算法中各种图像运动模型的物理成因,指出了模型之间的内在联系。提出了一种多模自适应电子稳像算法,根据摄像机工作时图像序列抖动的剧烈程度,自适应地选择适当的图像运动模型和相应的运动估计方法。实验结果表明,该算法在各种情况下都能实现对图像序列的高精度稳定,有效地提高了电子稳像算法的适用性。     

电子稳像中的运动补偿矢量处理方法的研究

在摄像系统中通过帧间匹配获取帧间运动矢量,进行滤波处理,将镜头的合理运动矢量与由光学系统载体不稳定带来的图像抖动噪声相分离,得出实际用于补偿的位移矢量。提出了多矢量平均算法,结合系统的实用要求改善其对载体合理运动的响应,使系统可以在运动拍摄中也保持图像稳定,不会因为增加了稳像功能对合理的拍摄过程有太大的影响。经过软件模拟和在硬件电子稳像平台上的实际验证,证明该算法简单可靠,在合理采集运动矢量的基础上可以达到很好的稳像效果。     

基于特征匹配和校验的鲁棒实时电子稳像

提出了一种基于特征点匹配和校验的鲁棒实时电子稳像算法.首先利用Kanade-LucasTomasi角点检测器提取参考帧和当前帧的特征点,并用绝对误差和准则进行特征点匹配;在校验阶段,提出一种能够有效剔除前景运动物体特征点和错误匹配点的空间位置不变准则;最后,在相似运动模型下,利用最小二乘法求解全局运动矢量进行运动补偿....     

高帧频紧凑型自适应光学扫描激光检眼镜

基于自适应光学(AO)像差校正技术的激光共聚焦扫描检眼镜是当前研究的热点,为眼底疾病早期诊断提供有力的支持。利用可连续变形镜和夏克-哈特曼探测器为核心器件搭建了一套高帧频紧凑型自适应光学扫描激光检眼镜(AOSLO)系统,系统物理尺寸为350 mm×400 mm,图像采集帧频为40 fps,分别进行了系统分辨率测试与人眼视网膜成像初步实验。结果表明,系统人眼视网膜面上的分辨率可达到2.50μm,达到极限分辨率(2.32μm),可实现细胞量级高分辨率成像,自适应光学系统能够校正人眼像差,校正前后图像质量有明显的提高,能清楚地观察到人眼视网膜视盘附近的血管以及黄斑区细胞图像。     

基于双目立体视觉的视网膜成像系统研究

为了从不同的拍摄位置实时获取同一区域的眼底视网膜图像,实现视网膜表面形貌的三维重建,设计了一种基于双目立体视觉下的视网膜成像系统。系统由成像光路和照明光路组成。照明光路通过柯勒照明的方式为眼底提供均匀背景光,并设置黑点板消除杂光;成像光路通过反射镜组形成两个平行光路,从两个光路同时拍摄同一区域的眼底视网膜图像。实验结果表明,本系统放大倍数为7.3,能在850nm的近红外光照明下实时拍摄到两组同一区域的图像。拍摄过程中视差角约为10°,较好地校正了色差、球差等近轴像差。系统使将来与OCT技术融合,实现深度信息图像和三维重建图像的拼接成为可能。     

基于DMD的高动态范围场景成像技术

为了对高动态范围场景进行实时有效的观测,设计了一种采用数字微镜器件作为空间光调制器的成像系统.通过改进数字微镜器件的驱动时序,提高数字微镜扩展成像系统动态范围能力.针对光学系统存在畸变,采用多项式拟合法获得数字微镜器件到图像传感器的精确映射关系.针对一般调光算法导致调光后图像可视性差的问题,引入色阶映射算子生成调光模板,获得符合人眼视觉特性的调光结果.实验结果表明,在10帧/s的条件下采用数字微镜器件可提高传统成像系统动态范围66dB,成像系统总的动态范围达到126dB,图像传感器控制准确度达到0.69个像素级别,调光后场景高亮目标与暗背景可同时观测到,调光后采集图像的信息熵得到提高,系统满足对高动态范围场景实时成像观测的需求.     

基于特征匹配和校验的鲁棒实时电子稳像

提出了一种基于特征点匹配和校验的鲁棒实时电子稳像算法.首先利用Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi角点检测器提取参考帧和当前帧的特征点,并用绝对误差和准则进行特征点匹配|在校验阶段,提出一种能够有效剔除前景运动物体特征点和错误匹配点的空间位置不变准则|最后,在相似运动模型下,利用最小二乘法求解全局运动矢量进行运动补偿.实验证明:该算法满足实时性要求,对视频的平移、旋转、缩放运动都有较好的稳像效果,并对运动物体具有鲁棒性.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.