动态加权的多频段距离特征量数据融合方法

距离特征量反映了目标距离变化规律,该观测量可由基于LOFAR谱图的距离特征量提取方法得到。为解决单一频段提取的距离特征量精度不高的问题,本文基于最优加权平均法,提出了多频段距离特征量值提取技术。针对该方法在实际应用中无法准确得到距离特征量解算值误差的标准差,提出了一种对方差进行实时估计的动态加权融合方法。试验数据处理结果表明,融合后精度明显提高。     

粗晶材料晶粒散射波的实验鉴别

在利用超声波束对粗晶材料样品或工件进行检测时，接收回波中，除伤波、底波外，还存在晶粒散射波及其它干扰杂波。本文对晶粒散射波主要特征：晶粒散射波随传播时间出现的最大值位置；晶粒散射波最早到达时间；以及传播过程中晶粒散射波的频谱特性进行了实验验证。其中，用脉冲频谱合成方法，计算了双探买发．收复合声场声轴上声压分布，据此对最大值的出现位置给予了物理解释。并用短时傅立叶变换分析了声波传播过程中晶粒散射波的频谱特性。获得了一些有用结果。     

Spatial Resolution Enhancement in BOTDR by Spectrum Separation Method

BOTDR (Brillouin optical-fiber time domain reflectometry) is a promising technique for measuring the strain distribution along an optical fiber which can be used for diagnosing civil structures. However, there is a trade-off between the spatial and the frequency resolutions, and its practical spatial resolution is limited to about 1 m; to date the application scope has been restricted. In order to enhance the spatial resolution without decreasing the measurement accuracy, we intentionally introduce two kinds of strain within the spatial resolution length determined by the optical pulse width, which results in Brillouin gain spectrum separation. In this paper, we describe the theoretical analysis of the spectrum separation method together with experimental verification, where a spatial resolution of 0.5 m is demonstrated. We further propose a new parabolic data fitting method especially effective in the spectrum separation method.     

基于瞬态光栅频率分辨光学开关法测量飞秒脉冲的研究

超宽光谱的飞秒脉冲测量一直是超快激光领域的重要研究方向之一.常规的飞秒脉冲自相关方法是通过测量自相关倍频信号来获得,而倍频信号具有波长选择性,不同中心波长的飞秒脉冲测量需要更换不同的倍频晶体,十分不方便.因此,提出了一种改进型的瞬态光栅频率分辨光学开关(TG-FROG)方法用于测量飞秒脉冲.该方法结合四波混频和频率分辨光学开关方法,其基本过程是将待测脉冲分为三束,其中两束脉冲经过精密的延时控制并聚焦在光学介质上达到时空重合,利用三阶非线性效应产生稳定的瞬态光栅作为开关光;另一束脉冲作为探测光与产生的瞬态光栅进行相互作用产生一个信号光,使用光谱仪对该信号光的光谱与延迟时间进行测量,并通过反演迭代算法处理而获取待测飞秒脉冲的光谱与电场信息.该方法只需要待测光的功率密度达到三阶非线性效应就可以实现测量,因此可以应用于任意中心波长的飞秒脉冲测量.利用该方法对中心波长分别为800 nm, 400 nm的飞秒脉冲,以及超连续亚10 fs的周期量级超宽光谱飞秒脉冲进行了测量,并与常规的干涉自相关仪器测量结果进行了比较,所得测量结果基本一致.实验结果表明,建立的基于TG-FROG方法对不同中心波长,不同脉冲宽度的飞秒脉冲测量是十分有效的.     

Single Ultrashort Attosecond Pulse Generation via Combination of Chirped Fundamental Laser and an Ultraviolet Controlling Pulse

We theoretically study the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from a hydrogen atom in an intense few-cycle chirped fundamental laser in combination with an ultraviolet (uv) controlling pulse.The high-order harmonic spectrum is calculated by solving the time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation using the split-operator method.In our calculation,we present the difference of the high-order harmonic spectrum from one-dimensional (1D) model hydrogen atom and three-dimensional (3D) real hydrogen atom.We found that the plateau of the high-order harmonic generation from the 1D case and 3D case are all extended effectively to I p + 35U p due to the presence of the chirped laser pulse and the HHG supercontinuum spectrum is generated by adding an ultraviolet controlling pulse at a proper time,but the efficiency of the HHG for 3D case is more higher at the near cut-off region than the 1D case.Therefore,the generation of the attosecond pulse by synthesizing the harmonics near cut-off region have some slight differences between 1D and 3D simulations.As a real 3D case study,we show that an isolated 18 as pulse with a bandwidth of 232.5 eV is generated directly by optmizing the combination laser fields.     

跟踪微分器在陀螺信号去噪方面的应用

为了提高航空光电稳定平台的视轴稳定精度,采用跟踪微分器作为滤波器,对输入信号进行滤波,改善随机噪声对控制精度带来的负面影响。跟踪微分器会产生相位延迟,根据它得到的滤波信号及其微分信号,采用预报方法对滤波后的信号进行补偿。算法不依赖对象模型,计算量较小,易于实现。本文阐述了该算法的离散数学表达式,给出数值仿真分析,并在某型航空光电稳定平台上进行实验验证。结果表明:相较于巴特沃斯滤波器,跟踪微分器提高了阶跃响应的性能,最大超调量减少10.5%,上升时间缩短了4.5 ms,调整时间缩短50 ms。基本满足控制系统的实时性、快速性、稳定可靠、精度高、抗干扰能力强等要求。研究表明跟踪微分器对于航空光电稳定平台的精度提高,有比较好的实用价值。     

基于凸组合核函数的化合物太赫兹透射光谱分类

物质的太赫兹光谱包含着非常丰富的物理和化学信息。它对化合物晶体具有高的灵敏度、 单光子能量低等特点。但受到检测人员知识背景、 背景噪声、 识别算法精度等因素的影响,光谱样本识别准确率和效率较低。为了提高对太赫兹光谱的检测能力,提出应用基于凸组合核函数的support vector machines(SVM)对化合物的THz脉冲透射谱进行分类。在使用小波变换对数据进行滤波预处理之后,提取了传统波峰、 波谷位置特征和term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) 最大间隔特征。TF-IDF方法使用信息论的原理确定每个采样点的权重,选择权重较大的点作为特征。针对太赫兹透射谱特征相似、 维数较低带来的分类困难问题,构建基于凸组合核函数的SVM分类模型。并利用核评价的方法,通过高维非线性规划方程求解最优凸组合参数。当最优凸组合参数被确定时,构建分类模型进行分类和预测。相比较于单一核函数,凸组合核函数将透射谱特征与分类模型融合起来。对于不同的检测样本,数据经过凸组合核函数映射到高维空间后,特征具有更显著的区分度。使用不同的太赫兹透射谱样本进行分类实验,结果表明,分类准确率得到极大提高。     

Toward a fractal spectrum approach for neutron and gamma pulse shape discrimination

Accurately selecting neutron signals and discriminating 7 signals from a mixed radiation field is a key research issue in neutron detection.This paper proposes a fractal spectrum discrimination approach by means of different spectral characteristics of neutrons and 7 rays.Figure of merit and average discriminant error ratio are used together to evaluate the discrimination effccts.Different neutron and γ signals with various noise and pulse pile-up are simulated according to real data in the literature.The proposed approach is compared with the digital charge integration and pulse gradient methods.It is found that the fractal approach exhibits the best discrimination performance,followed by the digital charge integration method and the pulse gradient method,respectively.The fractal spectrum approach is not sensitive to high frequency noise;and pulse pile-up.This means that the proposed approach has superior performance for effective and efficient anti-noise and high discrimination in neutron detection.     

声门下共鸣的谱规整用于非特定人的语音识别

提出在参数的提取过程中用不同的感知规整因子对不同人的参数归一化,从而实现在非特定人语音识别中对不同人的归一化处理。感知规整因子是基于声门上和声门下之间耦合作用产生声门下共鸣频率来估算的,与采用声道第三共振峰作为基准频率的方法比较,它能较多的滤除语义信息的影响,更好地体现说话人的个性特征。本文提取抗噪性能优于Mel倒谱参数的感知最小方差无失真参数作为识别特征,语音模型用经典的隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)。实验证明,本文方法与传统的语音识别参数和用声道第三共振峰进行谱规整的方法相比,在干净语音中单词错误识别率分别下降了4%和3%,在噪声环境下分别下降了9%和5%,有效地改善了非特定人语音识别系统的性能。      

光学频率梳基于光谱干涉实现绝对距离测量

详细分析了光学频率梳光谱干涉的原理, 建立了较全面的光谱干涉的数学模型, 为实现绝对距离测量提供理论分析基础. 基于光谱干涉, 指出通过光谱干涉条纹的振荡频率, 即一次傅里叶变换, 可以实现绝对距离测量, 数值模拟结果表明, 最大测量误差为1.5 nm; 提出了一种等效的多波长并行零差干涉的方法, 分析了多波长并行零差干涉法的测距原理. 数值模拟结果表明, 多波长并行零差干涉法的最大误差为8.7 nm; 通过脉冲啁啾实现绝对测距, 分析了基于脉冲啁啾实现绝对测距的原理, 数值模拟结果表明, 最大测距误差为5.3 nm.     

Stimulated Raman spectroscopy using chirped pulses

We present a detailed theoretical and experimental characterization of a new methodology for stimulated Raman spectroscopy using two duplicates of a chirped, broadband laser pulse. Because of the linear variation of laser frequency with time (‘chirp’), when the pulses are delayed relative to one another, there exists a narrow bandwidth, instantaneous frequency difference between them, which, when resonant with a Raman‐active vibration in the sample, generates stimulated Raman gain in one pulse and inverse Raman loss in the other. This method has previously been used for coherent Raman imaging and termed ‘spectral focusing’. Here, gain and loss signals are spectrally resolved, and the spectrally integrated signals are used to determine the spectral resolution of the measured Raman spectrum. Material dispersion is used to generate a range of pulse durations, and it is shown that there is only a small change in the magnitude of the signal and the spectral resolution as the pulse is stretched from 800 to 1800 fs in duration. A quantitative theory of the technique is developed, which reproduces both the magnitude and linewidth of the experimental signals when third‐order dispersion and phase‐matching efficiency are included. The theoretical calculations show that both spectral resolution and signal magnitude are severely hampered by the third‐order dispersion in the laser pulse, and hence, a minimal amount of chirp produces the most signal with only a slight loss of spectral resolution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多谐波脉冲星信号时延估计方法

针对脉冲星导航技术中延时估计这一关键问题, 提出了频域上直接使用脉冲星信号测量到达时间集合进行时延估计的方法——多谐波脉冲星信号时延估计(MHSPE)方法. 该方法建立在频域上相位时延的极大似然估计的基础上, 通过高次谐波对脉冲星观测信号提取出各谐波相位的极大似然估计, 然后取频谱上各谐波的幅值进行归一化作为各谐波相位的权值, 最后取各谐波相位的加权平均作为该时刻的相位估计. 理论上证得MHSPE算法对相位的估计是无偏、一致的, 相比于频域上一次谐波的极大似然估计, MHSPE方法的信噪比随谐波数m的增加而增加, 当各谐波幅值相同时, 信噪比可提高m_1/2倍; 与脉冲星信号时延的克拉美罗界比较, 脉冲星信号时域的导数在频域上的反映就是各谐波分量的数量, 因此随着谐波次数的增加脉冲星信号时延估计可极大趋近克拉美罗界. 采用RXTE航天器对Crab脉冲星的实测数据检验MHSPE方法的性能, 实验结果表明, 针对低信噪比的脉冲星信号, MHSPE可获得高精度的相位估计, 随观测时间增加, 估计精度快速收敛于克拉美罗界.     

利用倒谱方法实现气声发育的重建

本文介绍了一种利用复倒谱来实现气声发音重建的方法。首先分析了气声发音的语音特征；进而在复倒谱序列中加入基频特征使其恢复到正常的语音。对元音［a］以及实际语音段进行了处理，均有较好的效果。     

Applying spectrum analysis and cepstrum analysis to examine the cavitation threshold in water and in salt solution

The paper presents the way of determining the cavitation threshold by means of classical spectral analysis and proposes the usage of cepstrum analysis in examining the cavitation phenomenon. Cepstrum analysis enables a more lucid interpretation of signals generated in the cavitation process than the universally used Fourier analysis. This refers above all to evaluating the relationship between particular frequencies as well as frequency groups. The research conducted allowed us to observe the changes of spectrum near the cavitation threshold in water, in water partly degassed and in salt solution in the free field and in the standing wave field. Differences of spectrum structure for particular cases were noted, especially for the third harmonic and the first subharmonic. The measurements done in the standing wave field showed differences in spectrum, depending on whether the measurements were done in the loop or in the node of the wave. In particular, what was not observed was the occurrence of subharmonics with a frequency two times lower than the basic frequency which were typical of the free field. Other characteristic spectrum elements that could unmistakably point to reaching the cavitation threshold were not noticed either. The cepstrum analysis proved the existence of irregularities, hardly visible in the classical Fourier spectrum. This refers especially the range below the signal's basic frequency.     

激光磁共振方法测量C0激光器的频率稳定度

对于频率不能连续调谐的CO激光器,采用一种新的激光频率稳定度的测量方法是以分子的激光磁共振谱线为基准,通过测量分子的激光磁共振谱线线宽及其变化,然后用阿仑方差进行数据处理,即得出了一系列时畴下的CO激光频率稳定度,并用计算机对取样时间从0.1秒-1000秒的频率稳定度进行幂函数拟合,获得了频畴的CO激光频率稳定度的表达式。     

激光磁共振方法测量CO激光器的频率稳定度

对于频率不能连续调谐的CO激光器,采用一种新的激光频率稳定度的测量方法是以分子的激光磁共振谱线为基准,通过测量分子的激光磁共振谱线线宽及其变化,然后用阿仑方差进行数据处理,即得出了一系列时畴下的CO激光频率稳定度,并用计算机对取样时间从0.1秒-1000秒的频率稳定度进行幂函数拟合,获得了频畴的CO激光频率稳定度的表达式。     

The cepstrum: a viable method for the removal of ground reflections

Noise data from open air test facilities is contaminated by the effect of ground reflections causing cancellations and augmentations of the sound at certain frequencies. This problem is generally dealt with by placing microphones near the ground and subtracting 6 dB from the SPL spectrum. However the high frequency part of the spectrum obtained in this way suffers from problems due to temperature gradients near the ground on sunny days. The present empirical method used at Rolls-Royce for the estimation of one third octave band free field spectra involves the use of two microphones, one at 0·051 m above the ground (ground level) for frequencies up to 1 kHz and the other at 1·524 m above the ground for higher frequencies. Corrections are applied to the one third octave spectra from these low and high microphones to take account of intensity increases. These spectra are then “married” at 1 kHz to produce a single free field spectrum. At present there is no similar method to obtain narrow band free field spectra. In this paper cepstrum analysis is proposed as a satisfactory method to produce both narrow band and one third octave band free field spectra from high level microphones only. A series of tests has been carried out in an anechoic chamber facility in which ground reflections were simulated. The cepstrum technique was applied to this data to deduce the free field spectra. These compared very well with free field spectra obtained under anechoic conditions. Data is also included from open air tests on the Viper 11 engine and the spinning rig jet noise facility to show that the cepstrum technique is a viable way of removing ground reflections from high level microphone data.     

利用倒谱方法实现气声发育的重建

本文介绍了一种利用复倒谱来实现气声发音重建的方法，首先分析了气声发音的语音特征；进而在复倒谱序列中加入基频率特征其恢复到正常的语音，对元音（ａ）以及实际语音段进行了处理。均有较好的效果。     

一维μ介子模型原子的超强场高次谐波发射

本文提出了一个一维μ介子原子模型,用数值积分方法求解了在超强激光场作用下该模型原子的含时Schrdinger方程,得到了它的高次谐波发射谱.该谱表明,借助于这一奇异原子模型,可将相干辐射由XUV波段推向γ-射线波段.针对这个体系的高次谐波发射效率低的缺点,引入双色场后使发射效率提高了两个数量级.     

单光子波长调制吸收光谱用于1.5 μm激光器的波长锁定

提出了一种kHz调制频率量级的单光子调制技术,实现对激光器的实时锁定. 通过探测乙炔气体的单光子吸收光谱,对离散的单光子响应脉冲进行锁定放大, 获得激光器频率锁定的鉴频曲线.将1.5 μm分布反馈半导体激光器的输出频率稳定在乙炔气体 ν₁ + ν ₃带P5e支吸收峰上,在175 s内典型激光频率起伏小于25 MHz. 这种基于单光子波长高频调制吸收光谱的稳频技术消除了低频段较高背景的噪声, 可应用于单光子量级的量子保密通讯系统以及光学波分复用系统.