聚联乙炔囊泡羧基端链有序-无序转变的二次谐波与双光子荧光研究（英文）

理解和调控具有π共轭骨架的聚联乙炔(PDAs)囊泡的界面特性对其变色传感化学及生物靶标分子的能力极其重要.本文采用联乙炔作为模型分子,通过调节紫外光辐照剂量制备了具有不同相态的PDAs水溶液样品(包括单体、蓝色相、紫色相和红色相).基于具有表面选择性的二次谐波(SHG)技术和zeta电位测量,通过探测探针分子D289在囊泡表面的吸附行为来研究PDAs囊泡变色过渡转变中界面构型的变化. SHG探测结果表明:在PDAs囊泡变色转变过程中,D289分子吸附贡献的共振SHG信号强度急剧衰减,对应的吸附自由能和双光子荧光信号强度均略有减小.依据zeta电位测量结果估算,具有不同相态的PDAs囊泡表面吸附D289分子的表面密度之间的差别相对较小.因此,SHG信号强度的衰减可归因于囊泡骨架结构发生扰动而驱动囊泡的羧基端链逐渐扭曲,进一步诱导D289分子取向变化及其整体结构的有序-无序转变.     

酞菁铜/金属薄膜界面电位与光二次谐波特性分析

采用Kalvin探针和光二次谐波 (SecondHarmonicGeneration ,SHG)方法研究了铜酞菁衍生物 (Coppertetra tert butylPhthalocyanine ,CuttbPc )LB(Langmuir Blodgentt)膜与金属 (Al、Au)界面的空间电荷现象与非线性光学效应 .检测到空间电荷感应电场 (SpaceChargeInducedElectricField ,SCIEF)形成的表面电位与金属功函数有关 ,并随膜厚变化趋于饱和值 .尽管酞菁分子为中心对称体系 ,但仍有SHG效应 ,并观察到CuttbPc/Al样品在 12 6 0nm附近有异常增强的SH信号 ,而CuttbPc/Au样品未见该峰 .根据样品结构的物理模型 ,运用电磁场理论分析了界面电介质的非线性极化特性和光学效应产生机制 ,初步认为CuttbPc/Al的SH增强峰源于SCIEF形成的较强表面电位 ,说明SH信号的产生与界面静电现象有密切关系 .     

乙烯和乙炔基在Ni(110)表面上吸附结构的研究

采用平面波赝势方法，利用基于从头计算的软件包，对乙烯和乙炔基在Ni(110)表面上吸附的问题进行了计算. 在低覆盖度时，孤立的乙烯分子的吸附能比密集时高，乙烯分子的C-C 轴大致沿衬底的Ni原子链方向(即沿［110］晶向)，C-C轴与衬底Ni(110)表面有12°的倾斜角，乙烯分子的C—C键的键长为 0.147nm. 乙烯分子中接近顶位的C原子与衬底中距离最近的Ni原子为0.199nm. 在高覆盖度时，乙烯分子在Ni(110)表面上形成c(2×4)再构，每个表面二维元胞中有两个乙烯分子，每个乙烯分子的吸附位置与低覆盖度时相似，而C—C键长比低覆盖度时要短. 乙炔基是乙烯在Ni(110)表面上分解的产物. 关于乙炔基的计算结果表明：乙炔基的两个C原子的间距为0.131nm，比乙烯分子中C原子的间距更短. 与乙烯分子相比，乙炔基的吸附位置更靠近顶位. H原子与吸附在顶位上的C原子相连接，C—H键也大致沿衬底的Ni原子链方向，与Ni表面呈45°的倾斜角. 关键词： 乙烯和乙炔基 平面波赝势方法 吸附几何结构     

磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰金表面的沉积

磷脂囊泡与阴, 阳离子性表面作用的深入理解对磷脂的生物纳米科技应用具有重要意义. 通过石英电子微天平及耗散系数测量仪, 研究了不同离子性磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰Au衬底的沉积行为. 实验观察到四条囊泡沉积路径: (ⅰ)吸附至临界值后破裂成膜; (ⅱ)吸附即破裂成膜; (ⅲ)吸附不破裂; (ⅳ)不吸附. 沉积路径由囊泡与衬底的双电层相互作用决定, 离子可发挥调节作用.     

磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰金表面的沉积

磷脂囊泡与阴,阳离子性表面作用的深入理解对磷脂的生物纳米科技应用具有重要意义.通过石英电子微天平及耗散系数测量仪,研究了不同离子性磷脂囊泡在胺端基和羧端基修饰Au衬底的沉积行为.实验观察到四条囊泡沉积路径:(ⅰ)吸附至临界值后破裂成膜;(ⅱ)吸附即破裂成膜;(ⅲ)吸附不破裂;(ⅳ)不吸附.沉积路径由囊泡与衬底的双电层相互作用决定,离子可发挥调节作用.     

表面增强拉曼散射光谱的应用进展

表面增强拉曼光谱是一种非常有效的探测界面特性和分子间相互作用、表征表面分子吸附行为和分子结构的工具。已成为灵敏度最高的研究界面效应的技术之一,最大范围地应用于研究吸附分子在表面的取向及吸附行为、吸附界面表面状态、生物大分子的界面取向及构型、构象和结构分析;SERS技术也逐渐成为表面科学和电化学领域有力的研究手段,并已在痕量分析乃至单分子检测、化学及工业、环境科学、生物医学体系、纳米材料以及传感器等方面的研究中得到了广泛应用,甚至出现了拉曼技术与其他技术的联用。文章综述了近几年来表面增强拉曼散射作为一种光谱技术在这些应用领域的研究进展以及潜在应用价值;并简单介绍了作者所在实验室的相关工作,特别是富勒烯和碳纳米管材料等领域的一些探讨与研究。     

具有核壳结构的纳米凝胶的相变

通过可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合合成了一系列不同分子量的聚丙烯酸大分子链转移剂,用¹H NMR和水相GPC对其进行了表征．以三硫代碳酸盐的聚丙烯酸钾作为稳定剂,在水相中进行N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)的分散聚合合成了一种具有多重响应的核壳结构的纳米凝胶．结合动态光散射的表征研究了聚丙烯酸稳定PNIPAM表面的能力,发现稳定表面的能力与其分子量及用量密切有关．利用动态光散射以及zeta电位分析仪研究了在溶液中纳米凝胶相转变和zeta电位对温度以及pH值的依赖性．     

3种核酸碱基(胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶)在银电极表面的吸附形态

通过表面增强拉曼散射研究了胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶在粗糙银电极表面上的吸附形态随电极电位的变化关系.大量的结构信息可从丰富的表面拉曼信号及其随电极电位相应的变化而获得.分析表明在电极电位负移过程中,胞嘧啶一直通过N3位垂直吸附于纳米银颗粒表面;而胸腺嘧啶分子和尿嘧啶分子在表面的吸附状态都随电位改变发生了变化,较正电位下...     

蜂毒肽与多组分生物膜作用：电性与相态的影响

蜂毒肽非特异性地靶向杀伤细菌具有重要的生物医学应用前景. 利用荧光光谱与荧光显微考察了蜂毒肽与单组分、多组分磷脂膜的作用机制. 发现对于不同电性与相态的磷脂膜, 肽-膜作用呈现为稳定桶板型孔、非稳U型孔及变薄裂解等多种机制, 具有显著不同的内含物泄露效率. 多组分磷脂囊泡的泄露实验表明, 泄露由肽亲和性较强的磷脂组分决定. 相较于凝胶相磷脂, 蜂毒肽与液相磷脂的亲和性强, 凝胶-液相混合囊泡与纯液相磷脂囊泡的泄露性质相近; 相较于双电性磷脂, 蜂毒肽与负电性磷脂的亲和性强, 双电-负电混合囊泡与纯负电磷脂囊泡的泄露性质相近. 研究深化了多肽与多组分生物膜作用机制的理解.     

C_2H_2,C_2H_4与K在Ru(100)表面上共吸附的UPS研究

利用紫外光电子谱 (UPS)对乙烯 (C2 H4)和乙炔 (C2 H2 )气体在Ru(10 10 )表面的吸附及与K的共吸附进行了研究 ,实验结果表明 :当衬底温度超过 2 0 0K ,乙烯即发生脱氢反应后 ,σCH 和σCC 能级均向高结合能方向移动 .在室温下 ,σCH和σCC 能级位置与乙炔在Ru(10 10 )表面的吸附时的分子能级完全一致 .乙烯发生脱氢反应后的主要产物为乙炔 .衬底温度从 12 0K升到室温 ,Ru(10 10 )表面上乙炔的σCH 和σCC 能级均未发现变化 .室温下乙炔仍然可以在Ru(10 10 )表面以分子状态稳定吸附 .在有K的Ru(10 10 )表面上 ,室温时σCC谱峰几乎消失 .碱金属K的存在促进了乙炔的分解 .     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.