类镓等电子序列ZrⅩ-RhⅩⅤ离子的4s~24p-4s~24d、4s~24p-4s4p~2、4s~24p-4s~25s、4p~3-4s~25s以及4s4p~2-4p~3跃迁谱线和振子强度的理论计算

本文对类镓等电子序列ＧａⅠ—ＸｅⅩⅩⅠⅤ离子４ｓ２４ｐ、４ｓ２４ｄ、４ｓ４ｐ２、４ｐ３和４ｓ２５ｓ组态能级结构和组态相互作用进行了理论分析，找出沿等电子序列的变化规律。用作者提出的半经验公式［１］，内插预测了ＴｃⅩⅢ离子的４ｓ２４ｐ、４ｓ４ｐ２和４ｓ２５ｓ组态能级，外推预测了ＴｃⅩⅢ—ＲｈⅩⅤ离子的４ｐ３和４ｓ２４ｄ组态能级，并给出了４ｓ２４ｐ４ｓ２４ｄ、４ｓ２４ｐ４ｓ４ｐ２、４ｓ２４ｐ４ｓ２５ｓ、４ｐ３４ｓ２５ｓ和４ｓ４ｐ２—４ｐ３谱线波长和ＨＸＲ方法理论计算振子强度。用作者提出的半经验公式对组态能级的预测值与实验值的最大偏差小于１００ｃｍ－１。     

类镓等电子序列PdⅩⅥ—TeⅩⅫ的4s^24p—4s4p^2,4s^24p—…

对类镓等电子序列ＧａⅠ－ＸｅⅩⅪⅤ离子４ｓ＾２４ｐ，４ｓ４ｐ＾２，４ｓ＾２５ｓ组态能级结构和组态相互作用进行了理论分析，找出沿等电子序列的变化规律。用我们提出的拟合公式预测ＳｎⅩⅩ－ＴｅⅩⅫ离子４ｓ＾２４ｐ，４ｓ４ｐ＾２，４ｓ＾２５ｓ组态能级，并给出４ｓ＾２４ｐ－４ｓ４ｐ＾２，４ｓ＾２４ｐ－４ｓ＾２５ｓ谱线波长和ＨＸＲ方法的理论计算振子强度，理论计算值与实验值进行了比较。     

水溶液中不同结构氨基酸对Ag4^2＋团簇的稳定能力研究

利用紫外光照射制得了Ａｇ４＾２＋团簇，并分别研究了氨基酸，甘氨酸，谷氨酸，羟脯氨酸对Ａｇ４＾２＋的稳定作用，发现Ａｇ４＾２＋均能被这４种氨基酸稳定，而且蛋氨酸的稳定作用强。     

4，4′，4″，4－磺酸酞菁镓的二聚常数的测定

采用光度法测定了４，４′，４″，４－磺酸酞菁镓（ＴｓＰｃＧａ）的二聚平衡常数Ｋｄ，讨论了ｐＨ值、离子强度、水、温度等因素对Ｋｄ的影响。     

RhⅩⅥ─InⅩⅩ离子n＝4Complex跃迁谱线和振子强度的计算

对类锌等电子序列ＺｎⅠ－ＳｎⅩⅩⅠ离子ｎ＝４Ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ组态的能级结构和组态相互作用进行了理论分析。通过分析ＨＸＲ方法理论计算值与实验值之差ΔＥ随Ｚｃ的变化关系，找出了用于最小二乘拟合计算的半经验拟合公式，用此公式预测了ＣｄⅩⅠⅩ－ＩｎⅩⅩ离子ｎ＝４Ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ中至今还没有实验值的部分能级。给出４ｓ２－４ｓ４ｐ，４ｓ４ｐ－４ｓ４ｄ跃迁波长和相应的ＨＸＲ方法计算的振子强度，同时也对预测能级值的可靠性作了说明     

类镓等电子序列PdⅩⅥ－TeⅩⅫ的4s~24p－4s4p~2、4s~24p－4s~25s跃迁谱线和振子强度的理论计算

对类镓等电子序列ＧａⅠ－ＸｅⅩⅩⅣ离子４ｓ２４ｐ、４ｓ４ｐ２、４ｓ２、５ｓ组态能级结构和组态相互作用进行了理论分析，找出沿等电子序列的变化规律。用我们提出的拟合公式预测ＳｕⅩⅩ－ＴｅⅩⅫ离子４ｓ２４ｐ、４ｓ４ｐ２、４ｓ２５ｓ组态能级，并给出４ｓ２４ｐ－４ｓ４ｐ２、４ｓ２４ｐ－４ｓ２５Ｓ谱线波长和ＨＸＲ方法的理论计算振子强度，理论计算值与实验值进行了比较。     

NiI等电子数序列KrⅨ－RhⅩⅧ原子参数的计算

利用可得到的实验结果，假设能级的实验值与ＨＦＲ方法的计算值之差随有效核电荷的变化可用函数进行最小二乘拟合，对ＫｒⅨ─ＲｈⅧ３ｄ－４ｐ、４ｓ－４ｐ、４ｐ－４ｄ的能级和波长进行计算，并给出各谱线的ＨＦＲ理论振子强度。     

Zn Ⅰ-BrⅥ离子n=4(Δn=0)跃迁谱线波长和振子强度的理论计算

对类锌ＺｎⅠ－ＢｒⅥ离子４ｓ２、４ｓ４ｐ、４ｓ４ｄ、４ｓ５ｓ组态能级进行了系统的理论拟合计算。发现了文献［１－３］中有个别辨认的错误。给出了４ｓ２—４ｓ４ｐ，４ｓ４ｐ—４ｓ４ｄ跃迁谱线波长值和相应的ＨＸＲ方法计算的振子强度。     

4,4‘,4“,4”’—磺酸酞菁镓的二聚常数的测定

采用光度法测定了４，４＇，４＂，４＂＇－磺酸酞菁镓（ＴｓＰｃＧａ）的二聚平衡常数Ｋｄ，讨论了ＰＨ值，离子强度、水温度等因素对Ｋｄ的影响。     

Cr^4＋：YAG,Cr^4＋：Mg2SiO4近红外荧光辐射温度特性研究

测量了Ｃｒ＾４＋，ＹＡＧ、Ｃｒ＾４＋，Ｍｇ２ＳｉＯ４晶体在室温和液氮温度下的荧光光谱，吸收光谱和激发态寿命，讨论了温度变化时，两种晶体中Ｃｒ＾４＋近红外辐射积分强度变化与激光发态寿命变化的关系，得出结论：在７７Ｋ￣３００Ｋ范围内，Ｃｒ＾４＋的＾３Ｔ２能级荧光辐射截面本身受温度影响不大，Ｃｒ＾４＋辐射荧光的变化，主要是由无辐射弛豫速率随温度变化而引起的。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.