冷凝和沸腾传热现象中的突变特性

本文简要地介绍了突变理论及其应用,提出了冷凝和沸腾传热现象中的突变特性,并根据突变理论中的尖拐型突变的观点,分析和讨论了冷凝和沸腾传热现象中型态转变的机理,即沸腾临界和滴状与膜状冷凝的转变.     

混合悬浮液中纳米颗粒对核化形态的影响

均相沸腾活化核心的形成靠液体分子(或密度)脉动形成,低过热温度下临界活化核心比纳米颗粒本身粒径要大很多,颗粒添加的影响相对很小,依旧保持为均相沸腾。随着液体过热温度的增加至临界活化核心与颗粒尺寸可比时,颗粒才有可能成为新的活化核心,液体内部的均相沸腾也转变为非均相沸腾,但在考虑颗粒吸附的情况下,颗粒的吸附会使表面部分核化中心失去活性,弱化了原有非均相核化。     

随机参激下Duffing-Rayleigh碰撞振动系统的P-分岔分析

基于等效非线性系统方法和突变理论,分析了随机参激下Duffing-Rayleigh碰撞振动系统的P-分岔.首先,借助非光滑变换和狄拉克函数将原碰撞振动系统转化为一个不含速度跳的新系统;接着,利用等效非线性系统方法得到了系统的稳态概率密度函数;然后,应用突变理论,得到了随机P-分岔发生的临界参数条件的解析表达式.最后,通过典型概率密度函数曲线和图像验证了结果的正确性.     

纳米颗粒对沸腾活化核心密度的影响

根据实验所得沸腾曲线,对纳米颗粒悬浮液进行稳态数值模拟,计算了不同过热度下活化核心的密度.计算结果表明一对于不同浓度的纳米颗粒悬浮液,在考虑了其物性变化对沸腾传热的影响外,颗粒的加入对活化核心密度产生的影响是主要的因素,并且影响效果随颗粒浓度的变化不呈单向趋势.     

基于拟沸腾理论的超临界CO2管内传热恶化量纲分析

超临界流体广泛应用于工程技术领域,其流动传热特性对工程设计具有重要意义,但是,由于超临界流体的物理微观和宏观行为的机理尚不清晰,所以其异常的流动传热特性并未得到很好的解决.普遍认为超临界流体在分子尺度上可分为类气和类液两种不同的特性,直到最近通过实验在宏观上监测到超临界水类液和类气之间的转变,且这一过程与拟沸腾理论一致,使得问题逐渐变得清晰.本文基于拟沸腾理论对超临界CO2异常流动传热行为进行了研究,在假设类液和类气转换过程不均匀的情况下,从经典的量纲分析和亚临界过冷沸腾理论模型出发,提出了一个适用于超临界流体拟沸腾换热过程的分析方法.通过引入表征类气膜生长速度与流体主流平均流速之比π=(qw·ρ1)/(G·Δi·ρg)和表征近壁区类气膜温度梯度π13=(qw·βpc·di)/λg两个无量纲数,来表征拟沸腾如何导致传热恶化,解释了超临界CO2竖直向上加热流动过程中的异常换热特性,即较大的类气膜生长速度使近壁区快速聚集了较多的高温流体,而较大的类气膜温度梯度使类气膜覆盖在壁面.当核心的冷类液不能充分润湿热壁面时,传热恶化.新无量纲数较好的诠释了超临界流体拟沸腾诱导传热恶化机制,为超临界拟沸腾传热研究提供了理论依据.     

一类简化Lang-Kobayashi方程的Hopf分岔及其稳定性

讨论了一类简化Lang-Kobayashi方程的Hopf 分岔的性质.根据分岔理论,给出了系统产生Hopf 分岔的临界时滞条件,然后利用中心流形定理和规范型理论得到了确定Hopf分岔方向和分岔周期解的稳定性计算公式.最后,用数值模拟对理论结果进行了验证. 关键词： Lang-Kobayashi方程 时滞 Hopf分岔 稳定性     

流动不稳定性对沸腾临界触发机制的实验研究

本文以D_(in)=2.15 mm的带旁通小流道为对象,分别在不同液相质量流速以及不同入口水温条件下开展沸腾临界实验,结合汽泡动力学行为以及两相界面形态特征,探讨流动不稳定性对沸腾临界的触发机制。在本文工况范围内,在流动状态由稳定阶段转变为不稳定阶段后,进一步增大热流密度会触发沸腾临界,且所有沸腾临界均属于DO型沸腾临界。当液相质量流速较高时,环状流近壁液膜主要在汽芯强烈的扰动作用下迅速破裂;当入口水温较低时,近壁液膜主要由于强烈的蒸发现象迅速破裂;因此沸腾临界与流动不稳定性几乎同步被触发。本文分别通过引入受限系数(N_(conf))、过冷数(N_(sub))、以及Weber数(We)来反映壁面的限制作用、入口过冷度、以及惯性力与表面张力对沸腾临界的影响,建立了适用于D_(in)=2.15 mm带旁通小流道的CHF模型。     

高压过冷池沸腾换热机理的研究

目前还没有一种被广泛承认的理论能够解释高压过冷池沸腾换热,其机理尚不明确。为了揭示高压池内过冷核沸腾的物理传热机理,并获得气泡脱离频率与活化穴半径的函数关系,根据池内过冷核沸腾加热表面活化穴的分布,在统计方法的基础上,提出了高压池内过冷核沸腾的一个数学模型。从该模型中发现,池内过冷核沸腾热流密度是壁面过热度、液体过冷度、活化穴尺寸、流体的接触角以及流体物理特性的函数。对不同的过冷度,将模型预测的结果与实验数据进行了比较,两者吻合得极好,从而证明了数学模型的可靠性。该解析模型更深刻地揭示了过冷池沸腾换热的物理机理,且没有增加新的经验常数。     

两相自然循环流量漂移的分岔研究

本文基于分岔理论及DERPAR数值算法,运用均相模型计算得出典型沸腾两相自然循环系统的静态分岔解图。讨论了系统压力、欠热度、阻力等参数对运行稳定性及输热能力限的影响。通过采用不同冷凝器模型,研究了冷凝模型与参数对流量漂移特性的影响。并将结果与漂移模型计算结果进行比较,结果可为两相自然循环回路设计、运行提供参考。     

一类惯性神经网络的分岔与控制

本文讨论了一类三阶惯性神经网络的稳定性和分岔问题. 利用灵敏度理论,确定了合适的Hopf 分岔参数. 基于Routh-Hurwitz判据和分岔理论,给出了系统稳定性、发生Hopf分岔以及产生静态分岔的条件. 数值模拟不仅验证了理论分析的正确性,还说明了所设计的单节点时滞反馈控制器不仅能延迟网络分岔的发生,还能改变极限环的振幅. 关键词： 惯性神经网络 稳定性 时滞反馈控制 Hopf分岔     

超流氦中的沸腾实验研究:压力测量及其可视化

在超流氢的沸腾实验中,随着静压液柱高度ｈ的降低,会出现不同的沸腾状态。在噪声沸腾中,一个与平板加热器大小相当的气泡在其表面上反复地长大、缩小,并伴随着巨大的噪声和剧烈的机械振动;在无噪声沸腾中,在平板加热器表面形成一个极稳定的气膜,并且,没有噪声和机械振动出现;而在两者之间,存在一个过渡的沸腾状态。通过沸腾过程中的压力振动测量和可视化测量,对不同沸腾状态进行了研究。     

Space charge dynamics in a semiconductor superlattice affected by titled magnetic field and heating

The transition between different modes of current oscillations in a semiconductor superlattice, from close-to-harmonic (near the generation onset) to relaxation oscillations, has been investigated. The transition type is shown to change with an increase in temperature. A period-doubling bifurcation is observed at low temperatures. With an increase in temperature, the period-doubling bifurcation is observed at increasingly larger values of the voltage across the superlattice. The doubling bifurcation ceases to be observed at voltages at which the generation of oscillations of the current through the semiconductor superlattice is suppressed.     

Flexural and transversal wave motion in homogeneous isotropic thermoelastic plates by using asymptotic method

The present investigation is concerned with the flexural and transversal wave motion in an infinite, transversely isotropic, thermoelastic plate by asymptotic method. The governing equations for the flexural and transversal motions have been derived from the system of three-dimensional dynamical equations of linear theory of coupled thermoelasticity. The asymptotic operator plate model for free vibrations; both flexural and transversal, in a homogenous thermoelastic plate leads to fifth degree and cubic polynomial secular equations, respectively, that governs frequency and phase velocity of various possible modes of wave propagation at all wavelengths. All the coefficients of differential operator have been expressed as explicit functions of the material parameters. The velocity dispersion equations for the flexural and transversal wave motion have been deduced from the three-dimensional analog of Rayleigh-Lamb frequency equation for thermoelastic plate waves. The approximations for long and short waves and expression for group velocity have also been derived. The thermoelastic Rayleigh-Lamb frequency equations for the considered plate are expanded in power series in order to obtain polynomial frequency and velocity dispersion relations whose equivalence is established with that of asymptotic method. The dispersion curves for phase velocity, group velocity and attenuation coefficient of various flexural and transversal wave modes are shown graphically for aluminum-epoxy material elastic and thermoelastic plates.     

Pool boiling heat transfer and quench front velocity during quenching of a rodlet in subcooled water: Effects of the degree of subcooling

Pool boiling heat transfer and quench front propagation were investigated during quenching of cylindrical stainless steel rodlets in subcooled water. The degree of subcooling was varied from 0°C (saturated) to 40°C at an increment of 10°C at atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the increase of degree of subcooling accelerates quenching, with the total quenching time being shortened from 90 second (saturated) to 12 second (subcooled by 40°C). As revealed by the boiling curves that were obtained via solving an inverse heat conduction problem in cylindrical coordinates, boiling heat transfer is enhanced significantly for all boiling modes with raising the degree of subcooling. At the highest degree of subcooling of 40°C, the critical heat flux is improved by nearly 300% as compared to that in saturated water. In addition, the rewetting temperature (i.e., Leidenfrost point) was found to increase as a nearly linear function of the degree of subcooling. The quench front was observed to propagate upward from the bottom of the rodlet, which is accelerated noticeably with increasing the degree of subcooling. The average quench front velocity was shown to agree well with the predicted value of an existing theoretical model that was modified to take the influence of subcooling into consideration.     

Ultra-lean limit extension for gasoline direct injection engine application via high energy ignition and flash boiling atomization

Extensive efforts have been made in achieving leaner combustion for gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines to further improve the thermal efficiency and reduce harmful emissions. Among these techniques, increasing ignition energy has been proven to be an effective method to achieve lean combustion. Few targets the atomization process of the fuel in generating a more homogenous fuel-air mixture, which is believed to be able to extend the lean flammability limit of the engine. This investigation explores the use of flash boiling atomization, a technique to improve spray atomization via elevating the fuel temperature, in combination with high energy ignition technique for better GDI engine performance under lean-burn conditions. For such purposes, a single-cylinder, optical GDI engine was used with high-speed imaging techniques, along with other measurement instruments. The fuel was preheated by a heating element and high energy ignitions were generated by a customized ignition system. ignitions with various initial currents (transistor coil ignition (TCI), 250 mA, and 500 mA) under both sub-cooled and flash boiling conditions were examined using different excess air ratios. It was found that using flash boiling atomization has extended the lean limit from 1.95 to 2.10 under the 500 mA initial current ignition. Other critical parameters such as indicative mean effective pressure (IMEP), emissions such as CO, NO_x, THC were also analyzed to demonstrate the impacts of high energy ignition and flash boiling atomization.     

浮升力对管内水过冷流动沸腾传热特性的影响研究

基于已知的2087组水的过冷流动沸腾传热实验数据,通过努塞尔数(Nu)和格拉晓夫数(Gr)的关系探讨了不同流动方向和加热方式下浮升力对过冷流动沸腾传热性能的影响。对上壁面单边加热水平矩形管内过冷流动沸腾传热进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,向上的浮升力阻碍了气泡向流体中的扩散,使得传热恶化。在增加流速、增大压力和减小过冷度的条件下,Nu均随Gr增加,使过冷流动沸腾传热得到强化。     

Unsteady regimes of propellant combustion in a semiclosed space

Numerical simulations were used to study the nonstationary modes of propellant combustion in a semiclosed volume outside the boundaries of stationary combustion. The analysis was performed within the framework of phenomenological theory of nonstationary combustion for the simplest propellant combustion model containing the minimum number of governing parameters. It was demonstrated that the variation of one of the parameters can bring about the changeover from the stationary regime to the chaotic one according to the Feigenbaum scenario. A still further increase in the bifurcation parameter initiates transition to experimentally observed combustion regimes (extinction and so-called sneezing).     

Goos-Hänchen induced vector eigenmodes in a dome cavity

We demonstrate numerically calculated electromagnetic eigenmodes of a 3D dome cavity resonator that owe their shape and character entirely to the Goos-H?nchen effect. The V-shaped modes, which have purely TE or TM polarization, are well described by a 2D billiard map with the Goos-H?nchen shift included. A phase space plot of this augmented billiard map reveals a saddle-node bifurcation; the stable periodic orbit that is created in the bifurcation corresponds to the numerically calculated eigenmode, dictating the angle of its 'V.' A transition from a fundamental Gaussian to a TM V mode has been observed as the cavity is lengthened to become nearly hemispherical.     

The analysis and interpretation of some special properties of higher order symmetric lamb waves: the case for plates

Results derived from exact linear homogeneous elastodynamic theory are used for two-dimensional unloaded plates in order to understand certain features generated by proper symmetric Lamb modes. It is shown that S1 modes for all elastic materials have a phase velocity defined below the usual critical frequency and which initially exhibits anomalous dispersion (has a negative slope with respect to frequency). Over a certain range, it has a phase velocity that is double valued. In addition, there are an infinite number of proper symmetric Lamb modes that have this characteristic for materials with a Poisson ratio equal to 1/3. It also appears that all A3n modes are anomalous when V(L) < or = 2 V(T). The cause and implication of these effects are examined, including an associated negative group velocity over a small frequency zone for these modes. Further, it is noted that all proper symmetric Lamb modes have a plateau region in phase velocity with respect to wave number. It is shown that this always occurs for a phase velocity corresponding to the longitudinal bulk velocity of the elastic material. These issues are examined along with how one may obtain material parameters and possibly plate thickness from their dispersion curves.     

混合工质过冷核化沸腾气泡行为特性

本文采用控制热流密度方式对乙醇和水二元混合物在直径0．1 mm铂丝上过冷沸腾核化进行可视化实验观察, 分析不同混合比、热流密度下过冷沸腾核化实验现象。实验证明,小气泡射流是混合工质沸腾换热中主要的换热形式,并且其形态具有多样化,如连续射流、间断射流、离散射流、非常规射流、分叉射流等。