随钻中子地层孔隙度测量装置设计

传统碾米机靠操作员视觉感官来判断碾米性能,不能实现碾米机的智能自检,其识别精准度差。针对传统碾米机识别精度和智能化程度低等问题,设计了光电监测碾米机性能的在线监测系统,提出了以一种低廉价格芯片STC89C52为微处理器,以硅光电池作为光电传感器对物料品质进行信号采集。工作过程中能周期性计算碾米机碾米性能,根据其效率为碾米机的转速、碾白间隙、进出口流量等提供调整策略。经试验分析,该系统识别准确率可达99.5%以上,同时也为粮食品质检测的数字化、智能化提供了一种新方法。     

夜天文中的自适应光学

自1989年自适应光学首次在地基天文望远镜上成功实现衍射极限的天文观测以来,自适应光学系统已逐渐发展成为地基大口径天文望远镜必备的仪器之一。由于当今夜天文观测对仪器性能的要求越来越苛刻,为了提高夜天文观测中的适用性,自适应光学系统近20年来也在不断发展,涌现出多种新型自适应光学系统,如激光导星自适应光学系统、多层共轭自适应光学系统、极限自适应光学系统、近地层自适应光学系统等。尽管自适应光学系统的性能不断提高,但仍存在其局限性。文章分析了目前国际上已有自适应光学系统,探讨近年来夜天文当中应用的自适应光学系统及相关进展。     

生化分析仪光学系统的研究与设计

光学系统是自动生化分析仪的核心部件,其性能的好坏将直接影响整机性能。根据生化分析的检测要求,通过理论分析和实验对该仪器光学系统的各个部分进行了研究和设计。实现了两种设计方案,通过实验分析选择了较优的方案。     

基于多变量鉴别分析的光学畸变不变性图像识别

提出一种基于鉴别分析的光学畸变不变性图像识别方法：对包含各种畸变的训练图像集采用主成分分析得到若干本征图像,作为参考模式与测试图像做光学相关,利用本民输入图像的相关结果作为识别特征,采用最佳鉴别分析做了训练和识别,即可实现对输入图像的畸变为性快速识别。采用非相干光相关器为光学实现硬件,给出了实验结果。     

时频谱图和数据增强的水声信号深度学习目标识别方法*

水声目标识别一直是水声领域研究的重点问题之一,深度学习方法可以有效地解决目标识别问题,然而,水声样本的稀少限制了该方法的应用。该文 提出一种基于数据增强的水声信号深度学习目标识别方法,该方法以Mel功率谱作为网络的输入特征,通过对原始信号在时域和时频域的拉伸和掩蔽等变换,实现数据扩展和增加泛化性能的目的,最后,利用改进的VGG网络模型实现目标分类。实验结果表明,该文方法得到的水下目标识别准确率(95.2%) 要优于其他4种对比方法,证明了该文提出的网络模型和数据增强方法均有助于提高目标分类性能。     

一种串联组合分类的红外行人检测方法

针对红外图像行人检测中虚警率高的问题,提出了一种串联组合分类的红外行人检测方法。该方法利用感兴趣区域的宽高比和方向梯度直方图2种特征,采用串联组合方式实现分类识别。实验结果中检测率达到了90.5%,虚警率减少了43.7%,表明提出的方法可有效检测行人同时降低虚警。     

融合多尺度特征的短时音频场景识别方法EI北大核心CSCD

为解决短时音频场景识别任务中识别性能差的问题,提出一种融合多尺度特征的音频场景识别方法。首先将双声道音频中左右声道的和差作为输入,并使用长时帧长进行分帧处理,以保证提取出的帧级特征中包含足够多的音频信息。然后将特征逐帧输入到融合多尺度特征的一维卷积神经网络中,以充分利用网络中不同尺度的浅层、中层和深层嵌入特征。最后综合所有帧级软标签得到短时音频的场景分类结果。实验结果表明,该方法在国际声学场景和事件检测与分类挑战赛(DCASE) 2021短时音频场景数据集上的准确率为79.02%,实现了该数据集上目前为止的最优性能。     

布谷鸟搜索的润滑脂特征红外光谱波段优选技术

针对润滑脂分类,提出了基于布谷鸟搜索的红外光谱波段筛选方法,有效剔除了易受噪声等环境影响的红外光谱区域、实现了对庞大光谱数据进行特征选择和降维处理、通过筛选光谱最优波段建立了更加准确高效的润滑脂分类模型。以三类不同稠化剂润滑脂的红外光谱数据为研究对象,采用主成分分析法(PCA),对不同波段的红外光谱数据进行压缩,以提取的红外光谱主要成分作为输入,润滑脂稠化剂类别作为输出,通过布谷鸟搜索法(CS),对主要成分权重和分类核参数进行准确度寻优训练,建立分类识别预测模型。对所建立的模型再进行分类准确性测试,得到模型测试结果准确度,建立红外光谱波段和测试准确度之间的联系,得到润滑脂最优类别识别模型和最优分类波段。对所建立的模型再进行分类准确性测试,结果显示：经过布谷鸟搜索法训练加权后的主要特征呈现明显聚类现象,可以得到分类核,实现对润滑脂种类的准确识别;在搜索过程中提供了区分不同润滑脂的推荐波段和特征峰,使对润滑脂的正确鉴别概率由全波段建立分类模型的94.44%提高到筛选后特征波段建立分类模型的100%,并减少了运算时间、提高了搜索运行效率。     

基于Gammatone滤波器组时频谱和 卷积神经网络的海底底质分类*

为了有效利用海底底质信号完成海底底质的分类识别,本文提出一种将深度学习方法和底质信号相结合实现底质分类识别的方法。首先利用Gammatone滤波器组计算底质侧扫图像信号的时频谱,最后利用卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN)对得到的时频谱进行分类识别完成底质分类。实验结果表明该方法的底质分类准确率平均达到97.64%,相对于其他方法,分类性能更加优越;同时利用该方法分类海试数据,结果证明该方法具有一定的泛化能力。本文研究结果对实际的海底底质分类具有一定参考意义。     

光学畸变对大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪影响的建模与仿真

大孔径静态干涉成像光谱技术是近年来出现的一种新型干涉成像光谱技术,具有原理简单、稳定性高等诸多优点,但是仪器对光学系统的设计要求苛刻。特别是光学系统的畸变,对仪器获取的数据有较大的影响,并最终影响仪器的应用。通过对仪器获取数据机理的分析,给出光学系统畸变影响下的数据模型,为仪器的性能评估提供可能。最后在4%的畸变值条件下,利用模型和既定参数对畸变影响进行计算机仿真,由仿真结果可以看出,虽然该畸变对于普通的光学成像系统来说是可以容忍的,但是对于大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪来说,复原光谱不但存在5%的相对偏差,而且光谱位置在长波处产生了近8 nm的偏移,从而导致光谱无法应用,因此该畸变是不可容忍的。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.