Multiresolution processing for source detection and localization

The conventional BF/MFP (beamforming/matched field processing) or BF/MFP based on subspace axe traditional array signal processing methods for source‘s detection and location, they axe all belonging to singe-resolution processing. In fact, the array signal has multiresolution structure, which is worthy of exploiture and utilization to enhance the ability of detection and location, especially to improve the robustness for BF/MFP. The time-space multiresolution modeling of multipath transmitted wave and the corresponding multiresolution focused processing axe investigated, and it is shown from the analysis of actual sea-trial data that the performance of MFP can be improved.     

Inversion for Sound Speed Profile by Using a Bottom Mounted Horizontal Line Array in Shallow Water

Ocean acoustic tomography is an appealing technique for remote monitoring of the ocean environment. In shallow water, matched field processing （MFP） with a vertical line array is one of the widely used methods for inverting the sound speed profile （SSP） of water column. The approach adopted is to invert the SSP with a bottom mounted horizontal line array （HLA） based on MFP. Empirical orthonormal functions are used to express the SSP, and perturbation theory is used in the forward sound field calculation. This inversion method is applied to the data measured in a shallow water acoustic experiment performed in 2003, Successful results show that the bottom mounted HLA is able to estimate the SSP. One of the most important advantages of the inversion method with bottom mounted HLA is that the bottom mounted HLA can keep a stable array shape and is safe in a relatively long period.     

A method for passive sonar broadband target detection based on peak filtering in frequency-wavenumber domain

Traditional detection of broadband targets in passive sonars has low output signalto-noise ratio and poor performance in a complex situation with multiple targets and strong interferences. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a target detection method based on the characteristic of the energy distribution of broadband signals in the frequency-wavenumber domain by using uniform linear array. The proposed method converts the array signal into the frequency-wavenumber domain and uses the char...     

Dissipative preparation of a steady three-dimensional entangled state via quantum-jump-based feedback

A robust and scalable scheme to generate a steady three-dimensional entangled state for a V-type atom and a A- type atom trapped in a strongly dissipative bimodal cavity is proposed by direct feedback control based on quantum-jump detection. The robustness of this scheme reflects in the insensitivity to detection inefficiencies and the strong ability against the parameter fluctuations in the feedback, driving, and coupling strengths. The influence of atomic spontaneous emission can be suppressed by using the local feedback control. The scalability is ensured that N-dimensional entangled states of two atoms can be deterministically generated.     

Robust time reversal focusing based on Maximin criterion in a waveguide with uncertain water depth

Time reversal processing(TRP) might be regarded as matched field processing with known environmental knowledge.However,the performance of TRP is degraded in an uncertain environment.A technique based on the Maximin criterion is proposed for enhancing the robustness of TRP in a waveguide with uncertain water depth.The relationship between the water depth and the focal spot translation is examined based on the waveguide-invariant theory.Then the time reversal transmission scheme with the Maximin criterion is performed to maximize the minimum transmission power on a target of interest.At the receiving end,coherent summation operation is carried out over the received data by a reception focusing bank.If it is necessary to enhance the target echo further,the iterative time reversal can be considered where the target echo corresponding to the first time reversal transmission is regarded as a secondary source.Numerical simulations and experimental results of the target localization in a waveguide tank have verified the effectiveness of robust TRP.     

Chip-Based Square Wave Dynamic Micro Atom Trap

We propose a scheme for a chip-based dynamic micro atom trap where the trap potentials are created by square wave radiation and an inhomogeneoas static magnetic field. The parameters of this kind of trap array can be modulated dynamically. Both one-dimensional （I-D） and two-dimensional （2-D） trap array potentials for 6Li atoms are discussed. The 1-D trap is combined by a square wave radiation （6 kHz） and a gradient magnetic field （300G/cm）, the array constant of 1-D trap is 0.85 μm. Since the trap array does not require any laser field, it can be easily integrated on a chip and it is useful in applications of scalable quantum information processing.     

A unified algorithm for target detection and tracing based on data of array sensors

A unified method for target detection and tracing based on data from sensors of array is presented in order to improve detection and tracking abilities of the weak targets with low signal-to-noise ratio. Assuming that the multiple targets are uncorrelated each other and the number of the targets is known a priori, the status of the targets can be estimated with the maximum a-posteriori （MAP） method directly through the sensors data. The proposed method is different from the classical method, by which it can detect and track targets simultaneously by adding the target＇s signal energy information besides its direction of arrivM（DOA） information. Simulated and sea trial data results show that the detection and tracing capabilities of weak targets can be improved and wrong tracing and missing tracing problems, which exist in the classical tracing method when it is faced with the crossing targets, can be resolved by the proposed method.     

All-optical scheme for detecting the possible Majorana signature based on QD and nanomechanical resonator systems

Majorana fermions(MFs) are exotic particles that are their own anti-particles. Currently, the search for MFs occurring as quasiparticle excitations in condensed matter systems has attracted widespread interest, because of their importance in fundamental physics and potential applications in topological quantum computation based on solid-state devices. Motivated by recent experimental progress towards the detection and manipulation of MFs in hybrid semiconductor/superconductor heterostructures, in this review, we present a novel proposal to probe MFs in all-optical domain. We introduce a single quantum dot(QD), a hybrid quantum dot-nanomechanical resonators(QD-NR) system, and a carbon nanotube(CNT) resonator implanted in a single electron spin system with optical pump-probe technology to detect MFs, respectively. With this scheme, a possible Majorana signature is investigated via the probe absorption spectrum and nonlinear optical Kerr effect, and the coupling strength between MFs and the QD or the single electron spin is also determined. In the hybrid QD-NR system, vibration of the NR will enhance the nonlinear optical effect, which makes the MFs more sensitive for detection. In the CNT resonator with a single electron, the single electron spin can be considered as a sensitive probe, and the CNT resonator behaved as a phonon cavity is robust for detecting of MFs. This optical scheme will provide another method for the detection MFs and will open the door for new applications ranging from robust manipulation of MFs to quantum information processing based on MFs.     

Robust generation of high-fidelity entangled states for multiple atoms

A scheme is presented for generating entangled states of multiple atoms in a cavity. In the scheme the atoms simultaneously interact with a cavity mode, with the first atom driven by two classical fields and the other atoms driven by a classical field. Our scheme is valid even if the cavity decay rate is larger than the effective coupling strength, which is important for experiment. The generation of entangled states is conditional on the detection of a photon decaying from the cavity and thus the fidelity of the entangled state is insensitive to the detection inefficiency. Furthermore, the scheme can be applied to the case with any number of atoms in principle.     

Performance analysis of source ranging by use of virtual receiver technique under different frequency bands

The traditional matched field processing localization need complicated computation to get the replica field and has high dependence on environment parameters and acoustic field model.To overcome the shortcoming,virtual receiver technique is used for source ranging.A virtual receiver is constructed by correlating the two signals of the guide source and the objective source received by a vertical line array.Then,the slope of the interference striation of the virtual field is estimated using relevant signal processing method.Combining with the waveguide invariant β,the range of the objective source is determined.Through the numerical simulations and data processing collected from the experiment carried out in the South China Sea in 2004,the virtual receiver technique for broadband source ranging under the slopebottom shallow water environment is discussed.As the frequency increases,the frequency bands should be broadened to obtain complete interference striation for good ranging results.In data processing,the receiving array spacing is too large to promise the orthogonality of the modes as the frequency increases and ranging results become worse.     

基于压缩拷贝场向量的空域滤波器设计

近几十年来,匹配场处理技术得到了广泛深入的研究,并针对实际应用提出了一系列的具体处理算法.当感兴趣的水下目标信号被水面强干扰信号掩蔽时,对水下目标的匹配场处理定位性能显著下降.现有的广义空域滤波器可以抑制水面强干扰,但计算速度较慢并且内存消耗较大.提出了一种基于压缩拷贝场算法的空域滤波器设计方案,并通过非相干叠加处理宽带问题.相对于现有的空域滤波器,当接收阵元数N大于波导中有效简正波号数Q时,该滤波器可以大幅度缩减计算时间、节约运行内存,并且保持了对水面强干扰的抑制性能.针对近岸浅海环境进行了仿真计算,并给出了一些近岸浅海海域试验数据处理结果,验证了该空域滤波器的性能和对计算速度的提升.结果表明,应用基于压缩拷贝向量的矩阵滤波器对强干扰下的弱目标进行宽带非相干匹配场定位,可实现水下目标的有效区分.     

Source motion mitigation for adaptive matched field processing

Application of adaptive matched field processing to the problem of detecting quiet targets in shallow water is complicated by source motion, both the motion of the target and the motion of discrete interferers. Target motion causes spreading of the target peak, thereby reducing output signal power. Interferer motion increases the dimensionality of the interference subspace, reducing adaptive interference suppression. This paper presents three techniques that mitigate source motion problems in adaptive matched field processing. The first involves rank reduction, which enables adaptive weight computation over short observation intervals where motion effects are less pronounced. The other two techniques specifically compensate for source motion. Explicit target motion compensation reduces target motion mismatch by focusing snapshots according to a target velocity hypothesis. And time-varying interference filtering places time-varying nulls on moving interferers not otherwise suppressed by adaptive weights. The three techniques are applied to volumetric array data from the Santa Barbara Channel Experiment and are shown to improve output signal-to-background-plus-noise ratio by more than 3 dB over the standard minimum-variance, distortionless response adaptive beam-former. Application of the techniques in some cases proves to be the difference between detecting and not detecting the target.     

稳健宽带波束形成器设计的低阶统计量法*

由于传声器阵列通常对阵元失配误差较为敏感,因此稳健波束形成器的设计已成为传声器阵列处理领域的研究热点之一。概率密度法是目前传声器阵列稳健波束形成器设计中的一类重要方法,但该方法所需的阵元失配误差的概率密度信息在实际中较难获取。针对这一问题,本文研究了基于阵元失配误差低阶统计量的稳健波束形成器设计方法,该方法仅利用在实际中较易获取的阵元失配误差的一阶和二阶统计量信息。本文分别研究了基于阵元失配误差低阶统计量的固定权和变加权最小二乘波束形成器设计,给出了两种波束形成器的相关设计理论。理论和仿真分析表明,在小误差条件下,低阶统计量法所设计的波束形成器仍保持与概率密度法相当的性能。     

Improvement in matched field processing using the CLEAN algorithm

Adaptive matched field processing such as the minimum variance distortionless processor (MV) provides excellent sidelobe (or ambiguity) suppression capability in source localization given a perfect knowledge of the ocean environment. Unfortunately, this processing is very sensitive to sources of mismatch and robust adaptive algorithms are then employed such as a white noise constraint (WNC) often at the expense of insufficient sidelobe control. The CLEAN algorithm was introduced in radio astronomy [Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 15, 417-426 (1974)] to produce a high quality image of the sky by reducing sidelobe-induced artifacts. In this paper, the CLEAN concept is extended to matched field processing. Numerical simulations and experimental data demonstrate that matched field processing combined with the CLEAN algorithm can improve performance, especially when a weak source is masked by sidelobes from a much stronger source.     

多输入多输出与时反联合的波导声呐有源目标定位

为了提高对浅海静止小目标的探测能力,提出了将多输入多输出和时反处理相结合的波导声呐处理框架。利用收发合置垂直阵,假设目标为点目标,每一个阵元轮流时反发射正交信号照射目标,整个阵接收对应的目标回波。当所有的阵元发射正交信号结束以后,对所有接收的目标回波数据进行分集处理,然后与时反发射驾驶向量做匹配滤波完成对目标的定位。分时发射策略克服了水声信道时延扩展和多普勒扩展导致常规多输入多输出处理接收端不同回波信号分离的困难。采用物理时反发射和数值时反接收聚焦,有助于抑制混响、提高回混比。数值仿真和波导水池实验结果表明多输入多输出时反处理较常规的有源匹配场处理以更高的精度对波导中的目标进行定位。      

圆柱阵子阵分级处理的稳健超指向性波束形成方法

提出了圆柱阵子阵分级处理的稳健超指向性波束形成方法。首先建立了圆柱阵分两级子阵进行波束形成的信号模型,接着利用空间均匀噪声场中噪声互谱矩阵的循环特性得到基于特征波束分解与综合模型的圆柱阵超指向性的最优解,然后仿真研究了其误差敏感度函数、阵增益和波束图等性能指标,并与圆柱阵的传统全局处理方法进行了对比。提出的分两级子阵处理的超指向性方法与传统全局处理方法相比不仅降低了数据存储量和波束形成计算量,而且进一步提升了稳健性,并且在低频段的阵增益远远高于常规波束形成的值,对水下声呐阵列的设计具有一定的参考价值。      

Quantum state tomography with array detectors

I propose a method for measuring the quantum state of an optical field that occupies a mode having a complicated spatial structure. The technique uses array detectors and a single, plane-wave local oscillator beam. The advantage of using array detectors is that the local oscillator is not mode matched to the field being measured, yet the deleterious effects of this mismatch on the effective detection efficiency are greatly reduced compared to using single detectors. Indeed, when the spatial mode of the signal field is describable by a real function, the effective mode-matching efficiency is unity.     

基于宽带分裂阵列的水下远程被动多目标检测与定向

为获取更高的水下远程多目标检测和定向性能,基于工程中广泛应用的最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)波束形成算法,设计了大间隔分裂线列阵,通过扩大阵列有效孔径改善了空间谱峰锐度。同时提出非相干宽带预处理方法,利用MVDR在多频子带下波束宽度和间隔的非一致性来抵消由于稀布阵元造成的栅瓣效应。最终实现大间隔分裂阵和宽带非相干波束形成的互补。仿真和湖上试验结果表明,与采用宽带MVDR的均匀线列阵和采用互相关法的大间隔分裂阵相比较,所提方法能显著提高对水下远程目标的检测和分辨性能。      

基于简正波分解的不同阵列匹配场定位性能分析

针对利用不同阵列对浅海环境中水下目标的定位问题,基于简正波分解方法,对组合阵的目标声源定位性能进行了研究,着力解决在实际实验环境下定位性能不够高的问题,并降低实验设备布放难度.在浅海环境下,基于匹配场理论的声接收阵可实现目标的定位,但定位性能受阵形、阵元数目等影响.通过研究不同声接收阵的简正波分解矩阵,可以有效辨别不同阵形定位性能的优劣.仿真实验表明,当某一子阵简正波分解效果较差时,会降低组合阵的定位性能.基于实际实验的需求,在对短垂直阵和组合阵性能的研究中发现,由于水平阵对接收声场的定位模糊度函数中的旁瓣有抑制效果,从而造成模糊度函数表面上旁瓣较低,定位目标的主旁瓣比有所提升的现象.仿真实验表明,不同组合阵形的定位准确度均在90%以上,基于实际应用的考虑,组合阵无疑是对定位性能和实验复杂度的折中选择.     

基于近场聚焦逆波束形成的UUV平台噪声自适应抵消

UUV平台自噪声会对舷侧阵产生干扰，从而影响其探测性能，本文针对平台尾部自噪声源的直达噪声和海面反射噪声，提出了基于近场聚焦逆波束形成的平台噪声自适应抵消方法。文中利用UUV平台设计参数、深度以及运动姿态信息对尾部自噪声传播到舷侧阵的路径建立几何模型，并分析了影响该路径的因素；通过该模型，平台尾部自噪声能够实时自适应地通过聚焦波束形成被估计出来，从而在舷侧阵的接收信号中实现干扰抵消。仿真结果与海试实验数据处理结果表明，该方法能够有效抑制尾部自噪声干扰，显著提高UUV探测弱目标的能力。